3E pure paper 1

1. 2015
Sec 3 Pure Geography
EOY Paper 1
Mark Scheme

2. Section A: Compulsory Qn
[25m]
• Overall quite well done for this question
• Lowest score is 15/25
• Top score is 24
• Failure to be specific and mention key details of
processes resulted in loss of marks
– Backwash falls perpendicular (due to gravitational
pull)
– Hydraulic action occurs as the force of the water hits
the cracks in the landform (forcing compression of air)
– etc

3. • Longshore Drift
• Process of sediment transportation
• Follows the direction of dominant longshore
current at location
• Swash at an angle (due to long shore current),
Backwash vertically out (due to gravity)
1 (a) Study the image below Fig 1 which showed the movement of an orange that Jessie threw
into the seas. The arrows show the path that it took before resting at the point in the
bottom right corner of the image. Briefly explain the phenomenon that is shown in Fig 1.
[4]

4. Either process below
• Hydraulic action
• Waves hit coastal area, trapping air in cracks and
creating large pressure.
• Weaknesses exploited and cliff breaks down over time.
Or
• Corrasion
• Sediment materials in the waves are flung at cliff
• Impact erodes cliff surface and eventually leads to cliff
breaking down.
(b) Study the diagram shown below, Fig 2. Name and briefly explain the key erosional process
involved in the diagram.
[3]

5. • Aquaculture (China / Vietnam /
Thailand / Indonesia)
• Use of coastal area to cultivate marine
life (organic or otherwise)
• Shrimp / Fish
(c)(i) With the aid of a named example you’ve learnt about, explain how coastal areas can be a
valuable source of food production.
[3]

6. • Coastal protection against natural disasters
• Softens the impact of storm surges / Tsunamis
Or
• Building block of marine life
• Natural shelter for the young marine animals
(fish/shrimp/etc)
(ii) Brieflyexplainhowmangrovesbenefitmankind. [2]

7. • Corals provide shelter for small marine
animals (fish / crustacean)
• Start of the food cycle
• Corals attract large pools of marine
animals, ready food source for local human
populations in the area.
(d)(i) “Corals are a vital part of the ocean’s ecosystem and vital to mankind.” Briefly explain how
the statement is true / false.
[2]

8. (ii) With reference to Fig 3 below, name and explain (with the aid of a fully labelled diagram), the
landform that would eventually form if the current oceanic conditions were to persist for
another 100 years at this location.
[5]
Diagram (fully labelled) 2m
1m for correct identification, 2m for description
• Tombolo
• Spit grows with additional deposition that is
due to longshore drift.
• The deposition will connect the spit to the
island, creating a lagoon of trapped water
behind.

9. Named example (1 hard engineering & 1 soft
engineering) 1m each
2m for explanation of coastal protection.
• Breakwater
– Mass of cemented rocks placed horizontal to the coast.
– Protects the coast from destructive waves that erode the
sand away
• Beach Nourishment
– Regular deposition of sand on the beach and sand dunes
– Provision of additional material to replace the sand that
has been eroded away and to reinforce the dunes.
(e) Using named examples, explain how soft and hard engineering works as coastal protection
measures along East Coast Park in Singapore.
[6]

10. Section B (Option)
25m each
• Most candidates attempted Qn 2 (Tectonic Hazards)
as opposed to 4 candidates who attempted Qn 3
(Changes in Climate).
• Both Qn were not as well answered as Qn 1.
• Insufficient content knowledge shown in answers.
• Lacking in specific geographical vocabulary
• Insufficient usage of clear, named examples in the
answering and justification of answers.
• Open-ended question generally lacking in either
explanation or examples, trapping most answers in
level 2 (4-6 marks)

11. 2 (a) Study the data in the table below, Fig 4. Using the data, explain the vast difference in
estimated deaths of earthquakes that are of similar magnitude.
[4]
Fig 4

12. 2(a)
4m
 Largestdeathtollis300,000inHaiti(7.0magnitude)
 2nd
largestdeathtollisAceh,228,000(9.2magnitude)
 Largemagnitudehasatendencytoleadtolargedeathtollmainlyduetodamageto
thearea.
 Withgoodtechnology,numberofdeathscanbemitigated(Tohoku–9.0,28,000
deaths)

13. 1m for each point
• Emergency shelter
• Urban areas tend to have high density
residential areas
• Provides shelter for the people from the
natural elements and potential aftershocks.
(b) Fig 5, below shows a short term response that is common after an earthquake in an urban
area. Briefly explain how it is more important than a long term response at this moment in
time.
[3]

14. 1m for each point
• Convergent / Destructive Continental-Oceanic
plate margin.
• Denser oceanic crust subducts and melts
while the continental crust folds.
• An oceanic trench, fold mountains and
volcanoes are formed.
(c)(i) The diagram below Fig 6, shows a plate boundary. Identify the plate boundary and describe
the processes that take place there.
[3]

15. 1m for each point
• Convergent/Destructive Continental plates
• Both plates fold and buckle, rising up, large
amount of force is involved.
• Fold mountain is formed.
(ii) The picture below, Fig 7, shows the Himalayan mountain range. Briefly explain how this
mountain range was formed.
[3]

16. 1m for each point
• Two oceanic plates move away from one
another
• The mid section breaks and fractures
• A rift is formed in the middle as new land
rises, at times underwater volcanoes may be
formed
• Mid-Atlantic ridge
(d) Using anamedexampleyou have studied, explain what occursat aconstructive oceanic
margin.
[4]

17. • Student must answer the question “To what
extent do you agree with the statement”
• Answer covers the key factor “Time of
earthquake” comprehensively with full
examples listed.
• Answer should explore at least 1 opposite
stand comprehensively with full examples
listed (Population density / level of technology
/ level of preparedness).
(e) “Timeofearthquakeisthemostimportantfactorthatdeterminestheextentofdamageand
lossofhumanlife.”Howfardoyouagreewiththisstatement?
[8]

18. 3 (a) Study Fig 8 below, identify and briefly explain the climate shown in the climograph. [3]
Fig 8

19. 1m for each point
• Equatorial climate
• Regularly High temperature
• Consistently high rainfall with a
peak in November and December

20. (b) Study Fig 9 below, describe the temperature and rainfall trends shown and identify the
climate type that is shown. [4]
Fig 9

21. 1m for each point
• Monsoon climate
• Moderately high annual temperature
with low range (below 10⁰C)
• Clear rainfall peak (Jun to Sept) marking
onset of monsoon
• Minimal rainfall for remainder of the year
/ Graph shows area affected by SW
monsoon.

22. (c)(i) Study the diagram below, Fig 10, which shows the movement of wind on a global scale.
Name the wind shown and briefly explain it’s movement and impact.
[4]

23. 1m for identifying the wind and 1m for
each explanation.
• North East Monsoon
• Winter in the Northern Hemisphere (area
of high pressure)
• Summer in the Southern Hemisphere
(area of low pressure)

24. 1m for each point
• Land Breeze
• Water retains heat better hence there is an
area of low pressure above the sea.
• Area of high pressure above land leads to
wind rushing from land to the sea.
(ii) Thediagrambelow,Fig11,showsalocalwindcondition.Brieflyexplainwhatcausesthis
condition.
[2]

25. 1m for the named example. 3m for explanation
of human impact.
• Katrina / Andrew
• Affected USA / Australia
• Flooding and storm surge / flooding
• Destruction of homes & businesses / loss of
crops and farmland
(d) With the aid of a named example, explain how tropical cyclones affect humans. [4]

26. • Student must answer the question “To what
extent do you agree with the statement”
• Answer covers the key factor “monsoon brings
more benefit” comprehensively with full
examples listed.
• Answer should explore at least 1 opposite
stand comprehensively with full examples
listed (Flooding / Spread of diseases / loss of
crops / etc).
(e) “Monsoonsbringmorebenefitthandamagetothehumanpopulationslivinginareasthat
experienceit.”Howfar doyouagreewith thestatement?Explainyour answer.
[8]

27. The end…..
Please continue
to work hard at
your revision,
we will look
forward to doing
better next
year!