Developed by María Jesús Campos Fernández, Social Studies, Geography and History teacher in a bilingual section in Madrid.

1. María Jesús Campos
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com

2. Climate
It is the usual state of the atmosphere in a
place over a long period of time. The sum up
of weather in a place during more than 30
years give rise to climate.
 It is studied by Climatology.


4. 

The combination of
meteorological
phenomena.
Meteorological
phenomena
(temperature,
atmospheric pressure,
wind, air masses,
precipitation) give rise to
weather. The average
pattern of that
combination on a place
during more than 30
years determines
Climate.

5. Atmospheric
Pressure and
Wind
Precipitation
Temperature
Air Masses
Weather
Average weather during more
than 30 years
CLIMATE

6. The earth’s has got different types of climate distributed
according to latitude and altitude:



Warm zone: located between the Tropic of Cancer
and the Tropic of Capricorn. All of its climates have
an average annual temperature above 18ºC.
Temperate zones: there are 2 temperate zones
located between the Tropics and the Polar Circles. Its
climates have an average annual temperature around
15ºC and different seasons.
Cold zones: there are 2 cold zones located within
the polar circles and in mountains higher than 2,500
metres. The temperatures are very cold, usually
below 0ºC.

9. 



Within those climate zones
we can find at least 12
different types of climate.
Each of them is grouped in a
category according to the
characteristics that they
share and the area in which
they are found.
Climate changes over time
but very slowly.
The Earth has experienced
many different climates over
its 4.54 billion years.

10. Tropical or
Hot
Climates
Temperate
or Moderate
Climates
Cold
Climates
Equatorial
Climate
Humid
Subtropical
Climate
Polar Climate
Arid or Hot
Dessert
Humid Tropical
Climate
Mediterranean
Climate
Tundra Climate
Semiarid
Dry Tropical
Climate
Maritime/Oceanic
Climate
Alpine Climate
Continental
Climate

11. Location
• Along the
Equator, usually
within 25º of
the Equator
Temperature Precipitation
• These areas
receive constant
direct sunlight
so temperatures
are high and
stay the same
throughout
most of the
year.
•The mean
annual
temperature is
over 25ºC
• Abundant and
regular rainfall
throughout the
year. The
regular warm
temperatures
evaporate water
and keep
humidity high
allowing it to
rain almost
every day.
• Precipitation is
over 1500 mm
annually.
Seasons
• Only 1 season
because these
area always
receive direct
sunlight
throughout the
entire year.

13. Location
• Near the
Equator, on the
outer edges of
Equatorial
climate.
Temperature Precipitation
• Temperatures
are high
throughout the
year.
• Abundant
rainfall but
under 1500 mm
annually.
•The mean
annual
temperature is
over 20ºC
• Precipitation
only falls during
the summer
monts, usually
from May to
August with
June and July
having the
heaviest rain.
•
Seasons
• 2 seasons, wet
(summer) and
dry (winter).
Usually the dry
season is
longer.

15. Location
• Near the
Equator, on the
outer edges of
Equatorial
climate.
Temperature Precipitation
• Temperatures
are high
throughout the
year. But they
are mild in
winter and hot
in summer.
•The mean
annual
temperature is
over 18ºC
• Precipitation is
scarce, although
more than 250
mm annually.
Seasons
• 2 seasons, wet
(summer) and
dry (winter).
Usually the dry
season is
longer.

17. Location
Temperature
Precipitation
Seasons
• On the east
coast of
continents
between 20º
and 40º north
and south of the
Equator
• Hot humid
summers and
mild winters as
these areas
receive direct
sunlight for a
large part of the
years.
• The rain falls
throughout the
year, but more
in summer. This
is because the
regularly high
temperatures
evaporate water
causing
humidity and
precipitation.
• 2 seasons,
summer and
winter. However
winter is not a
cold winter.
•The mean
annual
temperature
varies between
10ºC and 20ºC
• Precipitation is
over 1000 mm
annually.
• Summer
season lasts
longer.

19. Location
Temperature
Precipitation
Seasons
• Between 30º
and 45º
latitudes (N-S).
On the western
sides of
continents. It
gets its name
from the climate
found around
the
Mediterranean
Sea.
• Warm to hot,
dry summers
and mild to cool,
wet winters.
• Precipitation is
irregular. Most
precipitation
falls in spring
and autumn.
Summers have
little or no
precipitation.
• Mild climate. It
has 4 seasons
but only 2 of
them are really
clear: summer
and winter.
•The mean
annual
temperature
varies between
12º to 18º.
Temperatures
during the
summer can
reach 30º.
• Precipitation is
irregular and
varies between
300mm to 800
mm anually.
• Summers are
longer than
winters, and
winters are
usually mild.

21. Location
• Along the west
coast of mid-latitude
continents. Midway
between the tropics
and the
Artic/Antartic circles.
•It is stopped by the
presence of
mountains so this
climate covers more
land in Europe than
in North America
where mountains
block the humid air
from moving farther
inland.
Temperatur Precipitation
e
• Mild climate
with few
extremes in
temperature.
•The ocean’s
influence
keeps the air
over the land
cool in
summer and
warm in
winter.
•Temperatures
vary between
10º to 20º.
• Precipitation
is regular and
abundant.
• Precipitation
between 1000
and 1500 mm
annually.
Seasons
•
Temperatures
do not vary
much during
the year so
we only
distinguish 2
seasons
clearly:
summer and
winter.

23. Location
• In the interior
of continents
between 30º
and 60º latitude
(N-S), but
usually above
the 40º line.
•Mainly in the
Northen
Hemisphere
since there are
no major
landmasses in
the Southern
Hemisphere.
Temperature
Precipitation
• A wide range of • Marked
temperatures
contrast
because of
between warm,
latitude (less
rainy summers
direct sunlight
and dry cold
and warmth).
winters.
•Temperatures
are high in
summer(20ºC)
and low in
winter (less than
5ºC)
• Precipitation is
between 300
and 1000 mm
annually.
•Almost all the
regions of this
climate
experience
snow.
Seasons
• 4 seasons:
warm and humid
summer; cool
and dry autumn;
cold and harsh
winter; and
warm and wet
spring.

25. Location
• Located
near the
poles.
•It covers a
20% of the
Earth.
•It is the
most
extreme
climate of
the Earth.
Temperature
Precipitation
Seasons
• It is the coldest
climate on Earth
because of its
latitude.
•It receives
indirect sunligh
during part of
the year while in
“winter” the area
is in total
darkness.
•Temperatures
are never higher
than 5ºC, and
may fall to
-50ºC.
• Scarce
precipitation ,
less than 300
mm because its
too cold to
evaporate the
water, so the
humidity in the
air is too low to
create
precipitation.
• There is not
traditional summer
but we can
distinguish 2
seasons determined
by the amount of
light.
•“Summer”:nearly
24 hours of light
(the pole is pointed
towards the sun)
•“Winter”: nearly
24hrs of total
darkness (the pole is
facing away from the
sun)
•Precipitation
falls as snow.

27. Location
• Between
60-75º
latitude,
along the
coast of the
Artic Ocean.
Temperature
Precipitation
Seasons
•Because of the high
latitude, indirect
sunlight delivers light
but little heat.
•Winters are very
harsh while summers
are cool.
•Although snow melts
in summer, the deeper
parts of the soil stay
frozen, is a layer
called permafrost.
• Low levels of
precipitation as
temperatures
are too low to
cause
evaporation.
•It can be
considered a
“desert”
•Winters are
very harsh and
summers are
cool.

29. Location
•In high
mountain
areas.
•In sinle
mountains
such as
Mount
Kilimanjaro
and also in
large areas
such as the
Plateau of
Tibet.
Temperature
•This climate changes
as you move up to the
mountain.
Temperature depends
on the elevation.
Precipitation
Seasons
• Precipitation
•No seasons
depends also on
elevation.
• Sometimes
the base of the
mountain may
•As you move up it will be dry while
get colder and snow
there is snow in
may appear.
the top of the
•Temperature drops
mountain. This
about 6,5º degrees
happens
every 1000 m in
because high
elevation as you move mountains force
up a mountain.
warm air to
rise, so
precipitation
falls at the top.

31. Location
Temperature
• Arid means
dry. Most
deserts are
found along
the 30º
latitude or in
the center of
the
continents or
in the rain
shadow of
large
mountain
ranges.
•The temperatures will
depend on the latitude
of the desert. The
farther from the
Equator the colder
they will be.
•There are warm and
cold arid climates.
•Warm deserts have
an average annual
temperature above
18ºC with significant
oscillations between
day and night that can
exceed 20ºC or more.
Precipitation
Seasons
• Precipitation is •They don’t
infrequent and
have regular
irregular.
seasons.
•Less than 150
mm per year.

33. Location
Temperature
Precipitation
Seasons
•On the edge
of Arid
climate
areas.
•The temperatures will
depend on the latitude
of the area.
• Precipitation is
infrequent and
irregular. But
they receive
more
precipitation
than arid areas.
•Precipitation
may occur in
«winter».
•They don’t
have regular
seasons. Some
difference
between
summer and
winter.

36. Developed by María Jesús Campos
Chusteacher
Wikiteacher
Thanks to «Climate Types for Kids»