SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 2
PROBLEMS
DIY U - ContextWHAT IS THE PROBLEM?
Quality? Cost? Equality?
Impact?
HE maybe at 1000 yr
inflection point
(hard to see when you’re there)
DIY U as a crucible for
innovation
(Silicon Valley)
Learning  Teaching
Facilitator  Teacher
Process Skill  Content
Framework / Syllabus
“You need one”
Recognition/Quality key
To Whom?
Awarder? Employer?
DIY U needs concrete
experiments to test
e.g. DIY Engineering (demand)
It needs a business
model - they will
emerge (STEEPLE)
Young Learners who
aren’t ready to decide
vocation?
What about Interest Driven
Learning?
archaeologist  lawyer
Geologist  teacher
The Technology already
exists
– or does it?
CETIS  CHEIS: Centre
for Higher Education
Innovation Studies ?
National study of student
employment outcomes
– in detail and long term
(Meta-analysis of existing data?)
Better understanding of learners
and their requirements
(key to implementation of DIY U
model and solutions)
Continue implementation of XCRI
and check outcomes with
students (in confidence)
Better understanding of
capabilities and changes in
capabilities (in order to inform the
market and to select appropriate
learning resources and design)
PROBLEM: WE ARE FISH IN THE
WATER OF POLITICS + EDUCATION.
WE THINK WE ARE DOING
SOMETHING NEW, BUT IT’S THE
SAME OLD CONTEXT.
PROBLEMS: DIY IS OLD HAT:
(ILLICH + FREIRE). PROBLEMS ARE:
a) POLITICAL (SOCIAL CONTROL /
ACCESS TO WORK)
b) PRACTICAL (HOW TO INTEGRATE
WITH GOV + INSTITUTIONS)
IF DIY UNIVERSITY, THEN ASLO:
SCHOOL?
PRIMARY SCHOOL?
DIY MODEL IS NOT A VIABLE
SOLUTION FOR HE SECTOR BECAUSE
IT HAS NO CONTROL OVER
ACCREDITATION + RECOGNITION
PARADOX A VIABLE DIY COURSE
BUILDER FROM CROSS-
INSTITUTIONAL MODELS REQUIRES
STATE INTERVENTION
(+ DIY MODELS)
QUESTION: CAN A DIY/SELF-
ORGANISING CO-OPERATIVE
APPROACH BE (in part) ADOPTED BY
HE WITHIN CURRENT BUSINESS
MODEL.? HOW SHOULD IT CHANGE?
PRACTICALLY: (TECHNOLOGY)
DIY = MORE SELF-ORGANISATION IN
THE ORGSANISATINOAL MODEL OF
THE UNI. (support for co-teaching),
SO PLE (WITH ALL ITS PROBLEMS) +
ITS TECHNICAL AGENDA
Knowledge entrance exams
(and a DIY U solution to helping
students revise)
Traditional University ? DIY U
DIY U
Open Content
Social Networking
Accreditation
Technology
/ Enablers
Degree Awarding
Charter
Howto
Link?
Widening Participation
High Fees  Learner’s Risk
So Reduce Fees:
Free: Content, Activities, Self-test
Pay for: Staff Time & Accreditation

Course Fees vs. Lifelong Membership
- Flexible time to complete
- Continuous Updating
- Previous students help current
Traditional University  DIY U
Provide: - Syllabus+OER+
(Free) Self-Assessment
- Tools for Self-Organising
+Access to: - Staff & Students (paid?)
(Paid) - External Expertise
Traditional University ? DIY U
COMMUNITY OF LEARNING
PAID FREE
STAFF STUDENTS NOT (yet) STUDENTS
Help
SAMBA SCHOOL MODEL (cf. Papert)
BUILDING THE WIDER COMMUNITY
Local = F2F + (some) Online
Global = Online + (some) F2F
Cross-Link Local & Global
(Dai’s Doubts)
Diy u group

More Related Content

What's hot

Peter bullen
Peter bullenPeter bullen
Peter bullen
campone
 
Keynote Josie Fraser
Keynote Josie FraserKeynote Josie Fraser
Keynote Josie Fraser
EADTU
 
Introducing the open course in Technology Enhanced Learning
Introducing the open course in Technology Enhanced LearningIntroducing the open course in Technology Enhanced Learning
Introducing the open course in Technology Enhanced Learning
David Jennings
 
Transformation of a conventional university into an e university in emerging ...
Transformation of a conventional university into an e university in emerging ...Transformation of a conventional university into an e university in emerging ...
Transformation of a conventional university into an e university in emerging ...
Natalia
 

What's hot (20)

Globaalin yliopistojärjestelmän suuri murros - uhka vai mahdollisuus XAMK:n k...
Globaalin yliopistojärjestelmän suuri murros - uhka vai mahdollisuus XAMK:n k...Globaalin yliopistojärjestelmän suuri murros - uhka vai mahdollisuus XAMK:n k...
Globaalin yliopistojärjestelmän suuri murros - uhka vai mahdollisuus XAMK:n k...
 
2016-12-02 ICDE Digital Transformation Quality HE Christian M. Stracke
2016-12-02 ICDE Digital Transformation Quality HE Christian M. Stracke2016-12-02 ICDE Digital Transformation Quality HE Christian M. Stracke
2016-12-02 ICDE Digital Transformation Quality HE Christian M. Stracke
 
3 Ingredients for an Ed Tech Ecosystem
3 Ingredients for an Ed Tech Ecosystem3 Ingredients for an Ed Tech Ecosystem
3 Ingredients for an Ed Tech Ecosystem
 
Cécile McGrath - Presentation of GAIHE and its motivation
Cécile McGrath - Presentation of GAIHE and its motivationCécile McGrath - Presentation of GAIHE and its motivation
Cécile McGrath - Presentation of GAIHE and its motivation
 
How are MOOCs Disrupting the Educational Landscape?
How are MOOCs Disrupting the Educational Landscape? How are MOOCs Disrupting the Educational Landscape?
How are MOOCs Disrupting the Educational Landscape?
 
Peter bullen
Peter bullenPeter bullen
Peter bullen
 
Conole Salerno
Conole SalernoConole Salerno
Conole Salerno
 
oikos - students as educational entrepreneurs
oikos - students as educational entrepreneursoikos - students as educational entrepreneurs
oikos - students as educational entrepreneurs
 
Anna Lašáková & Ľubica Bajzíková - Selecting Promising Practices
Anna Lašáková & Ľubica Bajzíková - Selecting Promising Practices Anna Lašáková & Ľubica Bajzíková - Selecting Promising Practices
Anna Lašáková & Ľubica Bajzíková - Selecting Promising Practices
 
Mainstreaming Open Educational Resources - General Conclusions of the Policy ...
Mainstreaming Open Educational Resources - General Conclusions of the Policy ...Mainstreaming Open Educational Resources - General Conclusions of the Policy ...
Mainstreaming Open Educational Resources - General Conclusions of the Policy ...
 
Overview of atkissontools uwc-singapore
Overview of atkissontools uwc-singaporeOverview of atkissontools uwc-singapore
Overview of atkissontools uwc-singapore
 
Proposed android app
Proposed android appProposed android app
Proposed android app
 
Guy Haug - The Future of Higher Education and the Place of Innovations in Europe
Guy Haug - The Future of Higher Education and the Place of Innovations in EuropeGuy Haug - The Future of Higher Education and the Place of Innovations in Europe
Guy Haug - The Future of Higher Education and the Place of Innovations in Europe
 
Open Higher Education for Refugees by Florian Rampelt (kiron)
Open Higher Education for Refugees by Florian Rampelt (kiron)Open Higher Education for Refugees by Florian Rampelt (kiron)
Open Higher Education for Refugees by Florian Rampelt (kiron)
 
Open Educational Resources (OER): Guidance for Institutional Decision-Makers ...
Open Educational Resources (OER): Guidance for Institutional Decision-Makers ...Open Educational Resources (OER): Guidance for Institutional Decision-Makers ...
Open Educational Resources (OER): Guidance for Institutional Decision-Makers ...
 
Keynote Josie Fraser
Keynote Josie FraserKeynote Josie Fraser
Keynote Josie Fraser
 
Reflections on the inaugural empower online learning leadership v2
Reflections on the inaugural empower online learning leadership v2Reflections on the inaugural empower online learning leadership v2
Reflections on the inaugural empower online learning leadership v2
 
Bootstrapping Industry Education Partnerships Between the Ivory Tower and Ind...
Bootstrapping Industry Education Partnerships Between the Ivory Tower and Ind...Bootstrapping Industry Education Partnerships Between the Ivory Tower and Ind...
Bootstrapping Industry Education Partnerships Between the Ivory Tower and Ind...
 
Introducing the open course in Technology Enhanced Learning
Introducing the open course in Technology Enhanced LearningIntroducing the open course in Technology Enhanced Learning
Introducing the open course in Technology Enhanced Learning
 
Transformation of a conventional university into an e university in emerging ...
Transformation of a conventional university into an e university in emerging ...Transformation of a conventional university into an e university in emerging ...
Transformation of a conventional university into an e university in emerging ...
 

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (8)

Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldaba
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika AldabaLightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldaba
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldaba
 
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job? Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
 
SEO: Getting Personal
SEO: Getting PersonalSEO: Getting Personal
SEO: Getting Personal
 
Open Source Creativity
Open Source CreativityOpen Source Creativity
Open Source Creativity
 
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...
 
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)
 
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post Formats
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsThe Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post Formats
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post Formats
 
The Outcome Economy
The Outcome EconomyThe Outcome Economy
The Outcome Economy
 

Similar to Diy u group

Stanford Design Lab: Ideation by Wendy Elman
Stanford Design Lab: Ideation by Wendy ElmanStanford Design Lab: Ideation by Wendy Elman
Stanford Design Lab: Ideation by Wendy Elman
Wendy Elman
 
Education Design Lab Assembled Education Presentation
Education Design Lab Assembled Education PresentationEducation Design Lab Assembled Education Presentation
Education Design Lab Assembled Education Presentation
GeneralAssembly_DC
 
Reflecting about the scholarship of teaching and learning when designing a PB...
Reflecting about the scholarship of teaching and learning when designing a PB...Reflecting about the scholarship of teaching and learning when designing a PB...
Reflecting about the scholarship of teaching and learning when designing a PB...
Ann Davidson
 

Similar to Diy u group (20)

Beyond Flipped Classrooms and MOOCs: The future of engineering and management...
Beyond Flipped Classrooms and MOOCs: The future of engineering and management...Beyond Flipped Classrooms and MOOCs: The future of engineering and management...
Beyond Flipped Classrooms and MOOCs: The future of engineering and management...
 
MOOC, presentation and challenges for higher education
MOOC, presentation and challenges for higher educationMOOC, presentation and challenges for higher education
MOOC, presentation and challenges for higher education
 
Strategically partnering in co-creating the VLEs of the future
Strategically partnering in co-creating the VLEs of the futureStrategically partnering in co-creating the VLEs of the future
Strategically partnering in co-creating the VLEs of the future
 
Core skills taster 29.07 slides
Core skills taster 29.07 slidesCore skills taster 29.07 slides
Core skills taster 29.07 slides
 
The Higher Ed Solution Marketplace
The Higher Ed Solution MarketplaceThe Higher Ed Solution Marketplace
The Higher Ed Solution Marketplace
 
Stanford Design Lab: Ideation by Wendy Elman
Stanford Design Lab: Ideation by Wendy ElmanStanford Design Lab: Ideation by Wendy Elman
Stanford Design Lab: Ideation by Wendy Elman
 
The Pedagogy of Virtual, Cross-culture, Probel Based Learning
The Pedagogy of Virtual, Cross-culture, Probel Based LearningThe Pedagogy of Virtual, Cross-culture, Probel Based Learning
The Pedagogy of Virtual, Cross-culture, Probel Based Learning
 
STEM / STEAM - integrating into a master's program
STEM / STEAM - integrating into a master's program STEM / STEAM - integrating into a master's program
STEM / STEAM - integrating into a master's program
 
How digital credentials can support a Higher Education framework for employab...
How digital credentials can support a Higher Education framework for employab...How digital credentials can support a Higher Education framework for employab...
How digital credentials can support a Higher Education framework for employab...
 
Education Design Lab Assembled Education Presentation
Education Design Lab Assembled Education PresentationEducation Design Lab Assembled Education Presentation
Education Design Lab Assembled Education Presentation
 
Teaching Excellence Series: The Educator Perspective
Teaching Excellence Series: The Educator PerspectiveTeaching Excellence Series: The Educator Perspective
Teaching Excellence Series: The Educator Perspective
 
East Tennessee State University & Adobe | 2018
East Tennessee State University & Adobe | 2018East Tennessee State University & Adobe | 2018
East Tennessee State University & Adobe | 2018
 
Students as agents of change
Students as agents of changeStudents as agents of change
Students as agents of change
 
Engineering Graduates for Industry: rethinking our approach to skills gaps, c...
Engineering Graduates for Industry: rethinking our approach to skills gaps, c...Engineering Graduates for Industry: rethinking our approach to skills gaps, c...
Engineering Graduates for Industry: rethinking our approach to skills gaps, c...
 
Reflecting about the scholarship of teaching and learning when designing a PB...
Reflecting about the scholarship of teaching and learning when designing a PB...Reflecting about the scholarship of teaching and learning when designing a PB...
Reflecting about the scholarship of teaching and learning when designing a PB...
 
NCWE 2007 with Student Presentations
NCWE 2007 with Student PresentationsNCWE 2007 with Student Presentations
NCWE 2007 with Student Presentations
 
University leadership summit 2022 - babi mitra news release
University leadership summit 2022 - babi mitra news releaseUniversity leadership summit 2022 - babi mitra news release
University leadership summit 2022 - babi mitra news release
 
Engineering Futures through Engineering Education
Engineering Futures through Engineering EducationEngineering Futures through Engineering Education
Engineering Futures through Engineering Education
 
Md6AssgnWhiteL
Md6AssgnWhiteLMd6AssgnWhiteL
Md6AssgnWhiteL
 
Future University
Future UniversityFuture University
Future University
 

Recently uploaded

The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
ZurliaSoop
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptxWellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
Wellbeing inclusion and digital dystopias.pptx
 
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
 
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptxExploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptxInterdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
 
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxREMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - EnglishGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
 
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
 
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptxOn_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
On_Translating_a_Tamil_Poem_by_A_K_Ramanujan.pptx
 
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
How to Add New Custom Addons Path in Odoo 17
 
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
 
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdfFood safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 

Diy u group

  • 1. PROBLEMS DIY U - ContextWHAT IS THE PROBLEM? Quality? Cost? Equality? Impact? HE maybe at 1000 yr inflection point (hard to see when you’re there) DIY U as a crucible for innovation (Silicon Valley) Learning  Teaching Facilitator  Teacher Process Skill  Content Framework / Syllabus “You need one” Recognition/Quality key To Whom? Awarder? Employer? DIY U needs concrete experiments to test e.g. DIY Engineering (demand) It needs a business model - they will emerge (STEEPLE) Young Learners who aren’t ready to decide vocation? What about Interest Driven Learning? archaeologist  lawyer Geologist  teacher The Technology already exists – or does it? CETIS  CHEIS: Centre for Higher Education Innovation Studies ? National study of student employment outcomes – in detail and long term (Meta-analysis of existing data?) Better understanding of learners and their requirements (key to implementation of DIY U model and solutions) Continue implementation of XCRI and check outcomes with students (in confidence) Better understanding of capabilities and changes in capabilities (in order to inform the market and to select appropriate learning resources and design) PROBLEM: WE ARE FISH IN THE WATER OF POLITICS + EDUCATION. WE THINK WE ARE DOING SOMETHING NEW, BUT IT’S THE SAME OLD CONTEXT. PROBLEMS: DIY IS OLD HAT: (ILLICH + FREIRE). PROBLEMS ARE: a) POLITICAL (SOCIAL CONTROL / ACCESS TO WORK) b) PRACTICAL (HOW TO INTEGRATE WITH GOV + INSTITUTIONS) IF DIY UNIVERSITY, THEN ASLO: SCHOOL? PRIMARY SCHOOL? DIY MODEL IS NOT A VIABLE SOLUTION FOR HE SECTOR BECAUSE IT HAS NO CONTROL OVER ACCREDITATION + RECOGNITION PARADOX A VIABLE DIY COURSE BUILDER FROM CROSS- INSTITUTIONAL MODELS REQUIRES STATE INTERVENTION (+ DIY MODELS) QUESTION: CAN A DIY/SELF- ORGANISING CO-OPERATIVE APPROACH BE (in part) ADOPTED BY HE WITHIN CURRENT BUSINESS MODEL.? HOW SHOULD IT CHANGE? PRACTICALLY: (TECHNOLOGY) DIY = MORE SELF-ORGANISATION IN THE ORGSANISATINOAL MODEL OF THE UNI. (support for co-teaching), SO PLE (WITH ALL ITS PROBLEMS) + ITS TECHNICAL AGENDA Knowledge entrance exams (and a DIY U solution to helping students revise) Traditional University ? DIY U DIY U Open Content Social Networking Accreditation Technology / Enablers Degree Awarding Charter Howto Link? Widening Participation High Fees  Learner’s Risk So Reduce Fees: Free: Content, Activities, Self-test Pay for: Staff Time & Accreditation  Course Fees vs. Lifelong Membership - Flexible time to complete - Continuous Updating - Previous students help current Traditional University  DIY U Provide: - Syllabus+OER+ (Free) Self-Assessment - Tools for Self-Organising +Access to: - Staff & Students (paid?) (Paid) - External Expertise Traditional University ? DIY U COMMUNITY OF LEARNING PAID FREE STAFF STUDENTS NOT (yet) STUDENTS Help SAMBA SCHOOL MODEL (cf. Papert) BUILDING THE WIDER COMMUNITY Local = F2F + (some) Online Global = Online + (some) F2F Cross-Link Local & Global (Dai’s Doubts)