2. TUBERCULOSIS(TB)
TB is caused by two types of bacteria
mycobacterium tuberculosis and M.bovis
The bacteria are spread from persons to
persons as aerosolised droplets produced
when the affected persons coughs or sneezes
The form of TB caused by M.bovis also occurs
in cattle and spread to humans in meat and
milk
3. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is by the tuberculin or mantoxu test
Where a purified protein derivative from the
bacterium is injected in to the skin of the
suspected patients.
Development of a red ,raised around the
area of injection indicates an infection
4.
5. treatment
Treatment is by multidrug antibiotic therapy,
which has to be continued for a long time
until the bacteria are completely eliminated
Infection can be prevented by vaccination
with BCG(Bacilli Chalmette Guerrin)
6. DIPHTHERIA
Diphtheria is a disease of the upper
respiratory tract , caused by the toxin
produced by the bacterium corynebacterium
diphtheria
7. pathogenesis
The bacterium infects its victim when the person
inhales contaminated respiratory droplets from
an infected person and rapidly colonies the
upper regions of the respiratory tract
It produces an exotoxin that inhabits protein
synthesis in the epithelial cells killing them
As dead tissues accumulate the toxins mixes
with the mucus secretion ,white blood cells and
the colonies of bacteria forming a thick leathery
greyish black membrane like material blocking
the respiratory tract
8.
9. treatment
: vaccination against diphtheria has to be
taken at infancy using the DTP vaccine
10. pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infectious disease of the
lower respiratory tract in the bronchial tubes
of the lungs
11.
12. Mode of infection and treatment
Infection is acquired when a person inhales
or comes in to contact with aerosolic droplets
droplets from infected peoples
Treatment is administration of antibiotics
such as penicillin, tetracycline and
chloramphenicol
13. LEPROSY
IT is a chronic contact communicable disease
caused by Mycobacterium leprae
It spread through direct contact with infected
people or their clothing or through
aerosolised respiratory discharges from
infected peoples