1. TEMA 1
Geografía e historia 1º ESO
Geography and History 1º ESO
Versión bilingüe.
La Asunción, 2020.
Ángel Muñoz
Lola Ballesta.
2. Universe
Stars: they release light and heat
Planets: they don´t release light and heat
They orbit the stars
Satellites: they don´t release light and heat
They orbit the planets
Asteroids: solid rocks.
they orbit the stars
Comets: balls of cosmic dust and ice
Meteors: small objects (rock and ice)
Nebulae: clouds of dust and gases
Space: dust and gases
Black holes: regions where gravity prevents
anything from scaping
3. Conditions for life:
a) temperature
b) water
c) atmosphere
Plus:
- Right gravity & density
- Right distance from Sun
The Earth
4. Latitude Longitude
The distance between a
point on the Earth´s
surface and the Equator.
La distancia entre un punto
del la superficie de la tierra
con el ecuador.
The distance between a
point on the Earth´s surface
and the Prime Meridian.
La distancia entre un punto
de la tierra y el meridiano
cero (Greenwich)
2.- Latitude and longitude:
the geographic coordinates
Parallels Meridians
Imaginary lines that
run East to West.
Líneas imaginarias que
atraviesan de este a oeste.
Imaginary lines that run
from the North Pole to the
South Pole.
Líneas imaginarias que se
trazan desde el Polo norte
al Polo sur.
8. 3. Reconocer los grados
que marcan latitud y
longitud
NOROESTE NORESTE
SUROESTE SUDESTE
LONGITUDLATITUD
LATITUD
LONGITUD
9. 4. Identificar un punto en el
mapa por la intersección
entre paralelos y
meridianos:
Por ejemplo, la ubicación de
Bangladesh.
NOROESTE
NORESTE
SUROESTE SUDESTE
LONGITUDLATITUD
LATITUD
LONGITUD
10. Bangladesh está al ESTE del
meridiano de Greenwich
y al NORTE del Ecuador
NOROESTE
SUROESTE
LONGITUD
LATITUD
LATITUD
Está 90º
al este
Está 23º al norte
(trópico de Cáncer)
11. Por lo tanto, decimos:
Bangladesh está localizado
a 23º Norte y 90º Este
NOROESTE
SUROESTE
LONGITUD
LATITUD
LATITUD
Está 90º
al este
Está 23º al norte
(trópico de Cáncer)
12. What
Cities can we
Find following
The next coordinates?
0º 15’ S 78º W
10º 30’ N 66º W
Which islands
can you find
0º S 90º W?
14. Where is Lesotho?
Where is Guinea
Ecuatorial?
Where is Uganda?
Where are the
Canarias Islands?
15. Earth´s
rotation
The Earth rotates once on its axis
every 24 hours at 1670 km/h
Centrifugal force flatten the poles
(la fuerza centrífuga achata los
polos)
Consequences
Day and night
The Sun´s apparent
movement
The Earth is moving…
The tides
16. Time zones
–24 hours: rotation 360º
–24 time zones
–360 º planet Earth : each time
zone 15º = 24 hours
–1 hour each time zone
24 hours: 24 zones
Sometimes they don’t respect the limits of
meridians
19. TIMEZONES
Portoalegre
Oslo
If it´s 12:00 AM in Portoalegre, what´s the time in Oslo? Four hours more: 16:00 PM
If it´s 20:00 PM in Portoalegre, what is the time in San Antonio? Three hours less. 17:00
PM
20. Revolution
• How long? 365 5 h. 48´ 45´´
•Consequences
Seasons
Length of the day
and night
22. Summer in the Northern hemisphere
Winter in the Southern hemisphere
• Summer solstice (june)
• The part illuminated in
the North is bigger:
longer days.
• The North Pole is
always illuminated.
•Shorter days in the
Southern hemisphere
23. Summer in the southern hemisphere
winter in the Northern hemisphere
•The part illuminated in
the South is bigger:
longer days.
•The South Pole is always
illuminated.
•The Norht Pole is in
darkness: Northern
hemisphere winter.
25. Spring in the Northern hemisphere
(Equinox in march)
• Neither of the Poles are bending towards the
sun.
• Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
26. Autumn in the Northern hemisphere
(equinox in september)
•Neither of the Poles are bending towards
the sun.
•Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
27. Summer solstice in the Northern
hemisphere
• The sunrays are vertical in the tropic of
Cancer
• The sunrays are vertical in the
tropic of Capricorn
Winter solstice in the
Northern hemisphere
• Equinoxes
• The sunrays are
vertical at the
Equator
28.
29. •What is cartography?
The study of maps
•Three characteristics of maps
They are simple, reduced and use
colours and symbols
•Are map projections accurate (correctas)?
No, they are distorted representations of
the Earth. (son representaciones distorsionadas de la realidad)
CARTOGRAPHY – CARTOGRAFÍA
32. Mercator projection
and reality.
Great distortion in higher
Latitudes (poles); good close
To equator.
Useful for navigation.
La proyección Mercator
y la realidad.
Tiene una gran distorsión
en latitudes altas (cerca de los
polos). Más preciso en el
ecuador. Muy útil para la
navegación.
Groenlandia según Mercator
Y en la realidad…
36. Scale
• Graphic scale: line divided into equal parts.
• Numerical scale: relationship between a unit of distance
on a map (1cm) and the real distance (100.000 cm.= 1000 m.)
– Large: 1: 5000-1:50000 (1cm.-50m.---1cm.-500 m.)
– Intermediate:1: 50 000- 1: 100.000 (500 m - 1km.)
– Small: 1: 100 000… (1km…)
40. How can we measure the distances in this map?
¿cómo podemos medir la distancia en este mapa?
5 cm = 1000 km.
7.5 cm = X
41. How can we measure the distances in this map?
5 cm = 1000 km.
7.5 cm = X
5x = 7500
X= 7500 / 5
X = 1500
42. How can we measure the distances in this map?
5 cm = 1000 km.
6.2 cm = X
43. MAPAS
Escala: numérica y gráfica.
Proyecciones
Mercator
Peters-Gall
Cónica
Sobre un plano
Tipos de mapas
Físico
Topográfico
Temático
Plano
Representaciones
Satélite
Aéreas
Sensores
50. Remote sensing images.
Estas imágenes
suelen ofrecer
información que
escapa a la vista:
ultravioleta,
variaciones por la
gravedad, humedad
del terreno…
En esta imagen, se nos
explica la aridez del
suelo en Oriente
medio, usando
sensores que miden
temperatura.
54. CLIMATE ZONES
Tropics Temperate zones Polar regions
High temperatures
throughout the year
Different number of
daylight hours
Low temperatures
throughout the year
Little differences
between seasons
Four seasons Summer and winter Low
temperatures
