1. Week 22
Genetic Changes
Ch. 11.3 pg 296

2. Mutation
Changes in the DNA sequence
A piece of A piece of a chromosome A broken piece attaches
chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a nonhomologous
breaks off and is lost. in reverse order. chromosome.

3. cancer
Diseases believed to be caused
by changes in the genes that
control the cell cycle
See pg 211

4. 4 Mutations may occur during
• DNA replication (during interphase)
• Transcription (making mRNA)
• cell division (mitosis), or
• Exposure to external agents (mutagens)

5. Point mutation
Change in a single base pair in DNA, affects
only one codon

6. frameshift mutation
When a single base is added or deleted
from DNA, changes all following codons

7. Chromosomal
_____________ mutation
When sections of chromosomes
break and rejoin incorrectly or
not at all
A piece of A piece of a chromosome A broken piece attaches
chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a nonhomologous
breaks off and is lost. in reverse order. chromosome.

8. Mutagen
Any thing that may
cause a change in
the genetic code in
DNA

9. 3 causes of mutagens
• Radiation
• Chemical, and
• High temperature

10. And now the quiz

11. 1
_____________ mutation
When sections of chromosomes
break and rejoin incorrectly or
not at all
A piece of A piece of a chromosome A broken piece attaches
chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a nonhomologous
breaks off and is lost. in reverse order. chromosome.

12. 2 __________
Any thing that may cause a change in the
genetic code in DNA

13. 3 ________, ________
Two causes of mutations

14. 4 ________
Diseases believed to be caused
by changes in the genes that
control the cell cycle
See pg 211

15. 5 ________ mutation
Change in a single base pair in DNA, affects
only one codon

16. 6 _________
Changes in the DNA sequence
A piece of A piece of a chromosome A broken piece attaches
chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a nonhomologous
breaks off and is lost. in reverse order. chromosome.

17. 7 ___________ mutation
When a single base is added or deleted
from DNA, changing all following codons

18. 8) When do mutations happen?
2 examples
• errors in ___________ of DNA
• ___________ (making mRNA)
• cell division, or
• external agents (mutagens)

19. 9 ______ RNA
• Supplies amino acids to the ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)

20. 10 ___________
• The assembly line for producing
proteins, bonds amino acids together

21. 11 ____________
When enzymes make an mRNA copy of a
section of DNA (gene)
RNA
gene

22. Sections of gene that are expressed
12 _____________
Sections of a gene that are NOT expressed
Introns
Not expressed
expressed

23. 13_______________
proposed that DNA
is composed of two
strands twisted
together in a
helix
double ____.

24. 14 _________
The two kinds of
nucleic acids,
DNA and RNA
are made of these
They consist of 3 molecules bonded together
a phosphate group
a sugar,
and a nitrogenous base

25. codon / base / amino acid
base
• A group of three nitrogenous _____s in
amino
a gene that code for an ______ acid is
15
called a ______

26. protein
Amino
16 _________ acid
tRNA
rRNA
A process which
converts mRNA
into a protein mRNA

27. Mahalo!