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stem cell transplant for iimp
- 1. STEM CELL TRANSPLANT Supervisor: Mr Ahmad Fadzli Sulong
- 2. Introduction • Definition • History • Properties • Types of stem cells • Sources of stem cells for transplant • Types of stem cell transplant
- 3. DEFINITION • Stem cell ▫ A class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types. • Stem cell transplant ▫ A method of replacing immature blood-forming cells in the bone marrow that have been destroyed by drugs, radiation, or disease. Stem cells are injected into the patient and make healthy blood cells.
- 5. HISTORY
- 7. Louise Joy Brown • Born on 25th July 1978. • Best known as the world's first “test-tube baby” (IVF) • Developed by Dr. Robert Edwards & Dr. Patrick Steptoe. In July 2008, British physiologist Robert Edwards, left, attends the 30th anniversary of the world's first "test tube" fertilization baby, Louise Joy Brown, right, shown holding her son, Cameron. Next to her is her mother, Lesley Brown. Edwards, who developed test tube fertilization, has received the 2010 Nobel Prize in medicine
- 8. Sheila Majid stored her daughter umbilical cord blood stem cells in a local private stem cell bank. “sel darah tali pusat itu banyak kegunaannya & boleh digunakan ahli keluarga yang lain. Sekarang timbul pelbagai penyakit seperti kanser & sebagainya yang dapat diubati menggunakan sel darah tali pusat”- sheila majid,Berita Harian,March 2007.
- 10. PROPERTIES • Long-term self renewal • Unspecialized • Give rise to specialized cells
- 11. 1) Long-term self-renewal • Capable of dividing & renewing themselves for long period. • numerous cycle of cell division. • maintaining the undifferentiated state (unspecialized). • Two important mechanism: preventing differentiation promoting cell division
- 12. 2) Unspecialized • Does not have any tissue-specific structures that allow it to perform specialized functions. • Can give rise to specialized cells.
- 13. 3)Give rise to specialized cells • Differentiation • Signals that trigger each stem of differentiation process: ▫ Internal: controlled by cell’s genes. carry coded instructions for all cellular structures & functions. ▫ External: chemicals secreted by other cells. physical contact with neighboring cells and certain molecules in microenvironment.
- 14. TYPES OF STEM CELLS • Embryonic stem cells • Adult stem cells
- 17. Adult stem cells • Also called somatic stem cells. • Tissue-specific in their location. • Important for growth, healing, and replacing cells that are lost through daily wear and tear.
- 19. similarities and differences between embryonic and adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells Inner cell mass of blastocyst Various tissues in adult Pluripotent multipotent Easy grown in culture Difficult to isolate & maintain in culture cell-based regenerative therapies.
- 20. SOURCES OF STEM CELLS FOR TRANSPLANT Bone marrow Peripheral blood Umbilical cord blood
- 21. Source of Stem Cell Bone Marrow Peripheral Blood Cord Blood Stem cell and precursor cell content Adequate Good Low Engraftment Fast Fastest Slowest HLA matching Require close matching Require close matching Less restrictive Risk of acute GVHD High High Lowest Risk of chronic GVHD High Highest Lowest
- 22. TYPES OF STEM CELL TRANSPLANT • Autologous transplant ▫ Individual’s stem cells are collected and stored for use later on. • Allogenic transplant ▫ Get stem cells from donor (relative or unrelated person).