3. • Manpower cost – by reducing manpower
• Utility cost – by power saving
• Quality improvement – Through good control
• High production – Through state of art machine
• Keeping proper record – Through system
In today’s scenario production cost is increasing rapidly. The labour cost, raw material
cost, power cost, etc. are not in our control. Hence to increase the productivity and
reduce the production cost we can only have controls on :
All these can be possible only by implementing
AUTOMATION
INTRODUCTION
4. AUTOMATION
A STEP AHEAD MECHANIZATION
Automation is basically the delegation of
human control function to technical
equipment
or
Automation is the use of control systems and information
technologies reducing the need of human intervention
5. IMPACT OF AUTOMATION
• Achieve more with less time
• Elimination of human error
• Cleaner Technology
• Minimize Energy consumption
• Easy diagnosis of fault
• Effective application for Complex tasks
• Improve Safety and Health
• Increase in productivity by achieving the optimum efficiency of the
machine.
6. Main body of automation
• PLC
• SCADA
• Drives
• Sensors
7. Sensor
Sensors are sophisticated devices that are
frequently used to detect and respond to
electrical or optical signals. A Sensor converts
the physical parameter (for example:-
temperature, blood pressure, humidity, speed,
etc.) into a signal which can be measured
electrically.
8. Sensor are basically consists of three parts:
• Transducer
• Processing circuit
• Driver circuit
9. Classification of Sensors
Active Sensors
Passive Sensors
Active sensors operate under energy conversion principles also self-generating type,
develop their own voltage or current .They generate an equivalent output electrical signal
without any external power signal
The Passive sensors operate under energy controlling principle. In this case the case
the process parameter is converted into passive parameter such as resistance,
capacitance or inductance that need an auxiliary supply so as to get an electrical
output.
10. PROXIMITY SENSOR
The Passive sensors operate under energy controlling principle.
In this case the case the process parameter is converted into passive
parameter such as resistance, capacitance or inductance that need an
auxiliary supply so as to get an electrical output.
• Inductive Sensor
• Capacitive Sensor
• Optical Sensor
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Magnetic Sensor
Types Of Proximity Sensors
11. INDUCTIVE SENSOR
• Sense the presence of
metallic object.
• Used for position sensing ,
counting speed
12. Capacitive sensor
• Detect any target whose
dielectric is more than air
• Also used to detect fluids
• Used for position level of
liquids.
13. Optical sensor
• Optical sensor has 2 parts :
Emitter & Receiver
• Three types of optical
sensor : Thru beam ,
Diffused type , Retro-
reflective type
14. 1) THRU BEAM
transmitter receiver
• Consist of 2 parts : Transmitter & receiver , both are
kept apart facing each other
•Main disadvantage : need auxiliary power supply for
separate units
target
16. 2) DIFFUSED TYPE
• Transmitter & receiver placed together
• When there is no target , sensor switches its
off
• More convenient than Thru beam
• Does not work well in transparent target
17. DIFFUSED TYPE
After the interruption of target , target reflect
those light pulses to receiver
21. MAGNETIC SENSOR
• Actuated by magnetic field
• Application : Pneumatic & Hydraulics
• When mag. switch senses mag. field ,
it will give switching signal
