its a vlsi chip design ppt

1. ENERGY HARVESTING
SYSTEM DESIGN USING
VLSI FOR POWERING
WIRELESS SENSOR
NODES
-VIJAYSATHAPPAN M

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Wireless Sensor Nodes Overview
• Energy Harvesting Technologies
• Energy Harvesting System Components
• VLSI in Energy Harvesting Systems
• VLSI Design Considerations
• Energy Harvester Design
• Power Management Circuit
• Energy Storage System

3. CONTENTS
• Powering Wireless Sensor Nodes
• Case Studies
• System Integration and Performance
• Future Trends
• Conclusion
• References

4. INTRODUCTION
•Energy harvesting is the process of capturing and
converting ambient energy from sources like solar,
wind, vibrations, or heat into electrical power. It
plays a crucial role in powering wireless sensor
nodes by providing sustainable and self-sufficient
energy, eliminating the need for batteries, and
enabling continuous and autonomous operation.

5. •Energy harvesting captures ambient energy (solar,
wind, vibrations, heat) and converts it into electrical
power. It is crucial for powering wireless sensor
nodes, ensuring autonomous operation without
battery replacement. This sustainable approach
extends sensor node lifespan and enhances their
efficiency in various applications.

6. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF VLSI
IN ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEMS.
• VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) plays a crucial role in energy
harvesting systems by integrating various components onto a single
chip. VLSI technology allows the design and implementation of highly
efficient power management circuits, analog-to-digital converters, and
sensor interfaces. It enables the miniaturization of energy harvesting
modules, reducing power losses and maximizing energy conversion
efficiency. Additionally, VLSI facilitates the integration of low-power
microcontrollers, wireless communication modules, and energy storage
elements, optimizing the overall performance of energy harvesting
systems and enabling their seamless integration into compact and
energy-efficient wireless sensor nodes.

7. • The application of VLSI in energy harvesting systems is widespread and diverse.
Some notable applications include:
1.Wireless Sensor Networks:
2. Wearable Devices
3. Internet of Things (IoT) Devices
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Structural Health Monitoring:
6. Smart Agriculture

8. WIRELESS SENSOR NODES
OVERVIEW
• Wireless sensor nodes are compact devices equipped
with various sensors, communication modules, and often
energy harvesting capabilities. They are designed to
monitor, collect, and transmit data from the surrounding
environment or specific objects without the need for wired
connections. These nodes play a critical role in various
applications, such as environmental monitoring, industrial
automation, healthcare, smart cities, and agriculture.

9. WIRELESS SENSOR NODES
OVERVIEW
• Key components of wireless sensor nodes include:
1.Sensors
2.Microcontroller
3.Wireless Communication
4.Energy Source
5.Power Management Circuitry
6.Data Processing and Storage
7.Housing and Enclosure

10. APPLICATION
• Environmental Monitoring
• Industrial Automation
• Smart Agriculture:
• Structural Health Monitoring:
• Healthcare and Medical Monitoring
• Smart Cities
• Home Automation
• Wildlife Tracking
• Disaster Management

11. WIRELESS SENSOR NODES
OVERVIEW
• Applications of wireless sensor nodes include environmental
monitoring (air quality, water quality, weather), structural health
monitoring, asset tracking, home automation, healthcare
monitoring, smart agriculture, and many others. They offer the
advantages of easy deployment, scalability, cost-effectiveness,
and the ability to create large sensor networks that can cover
extensive areas and provide real-time data for decision-making
and analysis. As advancements in technology continue, wireless
sensor nodes are becoming more sophisticated, capable, and
integrated into various aspects of our daily lives and industries.

12. CHALLENGES
• Powering wireless sensor nodes comes with several challenges that need to be addressed
for successful and sustainable deployment:
1.Energy Harvesting Efficiency
2. Power Consumption Optimization
3. Limited Energy Storage
4. Energy Harvesting Variability
5. Compact Design
6. Environmental Conditions
7. Scalability and Maintenance
8. Cost
9. Security:

13. ENERGY HARVESTING
TECHNOLOGIES
• Energy harvesting technologies harness different sources of ambient energy and
convert them into electrical power. Here's an overview of various energy harvesting
technologies:
• Solar Energy Harvesting
• Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting

14. • Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
RF (Radio Frequency) Energy Harvesting
• Wind Energy Harvesting
• Tidal and Wave Energy Harvesting

15. PROS AND CONS OF EACH
TECHNOLOGY.
1.Solar Energy Harvesting:
• Pros:
• Abundant and renewable energy source.
• Suitable for a wide range of applications and environments.
• Cons:
• Efficiency can be affected by weather conditions and obstructions.
• Requires a larger surface area to generate significant power.
2.Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting:
• Pros:
• Efficient at converting mechanical vibrations into electricity.
• Suitable for applications with frequent mechanical movements, such as wearable devices or
industrial machinery.

16. • Cons:
• Limited energy output from low-frequency vibrations.
• Mechanical fatigue over time may reduce performance.
• Less effective in static environments with minimal vibrations.
3.Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting:
• Pros:
• Can harvest energy from a variety of sources, including vibrations and
electromagnetic fields.
• Cons:
• Requires close proximity to electromagnetic sources or strong vibrations for efficient
energy harvesting.
4.Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting:
• Pros:
• Suitable for applications with temperature gradients or waste heat.
• Long operational life with minimal moving parts.

17. • Cons:
• Lower efficiency compared to other energy harvesting methods.
• Limited power output, suitable for low-power applications.
5.RF (Radio Frequency) Energy Harvesting:
• Pros:
• Low-cost and easy to implement in small devices.
• Works in areas with RF signals present, such as urban environments.
• Cons:
• Lower energy density in typical environments.
• Efficiency depends on the strength of available RF signals.
6.Vibration Energy Harvesting:
• Pros:
• Efficient energy conversion from vibrations to electricity.
Cons:
• Limited energy output from low-amplitude vibrations.
• Performance may degrade over time due to mechanical fatigue.

18. 7.Wind Energy Harvesting:
Pros:
• Suitable for remote areas with sufficient wind resources.
Cons:
• Requires specific wind conditions to generate significant power.
8.Motion Energy Harvesting:
Pros:
• Harvests energy from human motion, making it suitable for wearable devices.
Cons:
• Limited energy output from small and infrequent motions.
• Efficiency depends on the user's activity level.
• Not suitable for applications with minimal hum

19. 9.Thermal Energy Harvesting:
• Pros:
• Suitable for low-power applications with temperature variations.
• Harvests waste heat, promoting energy efficiency.
• Cons:
• Lower efficiency compared to some other energy harvesting technologies.
10.Tidal and Wave Energy Harvesting:
• Pros:
• Renewable and predictable energy source.
• Cons:
• High setup and maintenance costs for offshore installations.
• Environmental impact and navigational concerns in marine ecosystems.

20. ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
• Energy Harvester: The energy harvester is the core component of the system
responsible for capturing ambient energy from sources such as solar radiation,
mechanical vibrations, thermal gradients, or electromagnetic fields.
• Power Management Circuit: The power management circuit is essential for
efficiently regulating and converting the energy harvested by the energy harvester.
• Energy Storage Element: An energy storage element, such as a battery or
supercapacitor, is used to store excess energy harvested by the energy harvester
during peak energy generation.
• Wireless Sensor Node: The wireless sensor node includes the various sensors,
microcontroller, wireless communication module, and other components necessary
to collect data from the environment, process it, and wirelessly transmit it to a
central gateway or receiver.

21. ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

23. VLSI IN ENERGY HARVESTING
SYSTEMS