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Chap15
- 2. Õè÷ýýëèéí Àãóóëãà
Ãðàôèê ãîðèì
Ãðàôèê ãîðèì òîãòîîõ
Ãðàôèê ôóíêöóóä
Òýãø ºíöºãò çóðàõ
Îëîí ºíöºãò çóðàõ
Òîéðîã, ýëëèïñ çóðàõ
ªí㺠áîëîí ïàëèòðòàé àæèëëàõ
Òåêñò áè÷èõ
2
- 3. Ãðàôèê ãîðèì
3
Ñòàíäàðò ãàðàëòûí òºõººðºìæ áóþó äýëãýöýíä
ºãºãäºë ãàðãàõàä òåêñò áà ãðàôèê ãýñýí ¿íäñýí 2
ãîðèìä ãàðãàõ áîëîìæòîé áàéäàã.
Òåêñò ãîðèìä äýëãýöýíä ä¿ðñëýõ ìýäýýëëèéí
íýãæ íü òýìäýãò áàéäàã áîë ãðàôèê ãîðèìä
ìýäýýëëèéã ä¿ðñëýõ íýãæ íü öýã áàéäàã.
Ãðàôèê ñèñòåìòýé àæèëëàõûí òóëä ýõëýýä ãðàôèê
ãîðèì òîãòîîõ õýðýãòýé.
Êîìïüþòåðèéí ñèñòåìä ìàø îëîí òºðëèéí
äýëãýö àøèãëàãääàã áà ºíãºíèé ÷àäâàð, ìýäýýëëèéã
ä¿ðñëýõ òàëáàéãààðàà á¿ãä ÿëãààòàé áàéäàã.
- 4. Ãðàôèê ãîðèì
4
Äýëãýö¿¿ä íü èéì ÿëãààòàé áàéäãààñ áîëæ
òýäãýýðèéã óäèðäàõ ïðîãðàììóóä ÿëãààòàé áàéäàã.
ªºðººð õýëáýë òóõàéí äýëãýöèéí òºõººðºìæ
áîëãîíû îíöëîãîîñ øàëòãààëæ òýäãýýðòýé õàðüöàõ
àëãîðèòì, øààðäàãäàõ ºãºãäë¿¿ä ººð÷ëºãääºã.
Èéìä òóõàéí äýëãýöèéí òºõººðºìæòýé
õàðüöàõûí òóëä ò¿¿íä òîõèðñîí àëãîðèòìààð
õàíäàõ áóþó ò¿¿íä òîõèðñîí ãîðèì òîãòîîõ
õýðýãòýé.
Ãîðèì òîãòîîñíîîð òóõàéí äýëãýöòýé àæèëëàõ
áîëîìæòîé áîëäîã.
- 5. Ãðàôèê ãîðèì
5
Turbo C õýë íü äàðààõ òºðëèéí äýëãýö¿¿äòýé
àæèëëàõ áîëîìæòîé áàéäàã.
CGA - Íýã öýãèéã 2 áèòýýð ä¿ðñýëäýã äýëãýö
áóþó 4 ºíãèéí öýã ä¿ðñëýõ ÷àäâàðòàé.
EGA - 16 ºí㺠ä¿ðñëýõ ÷àäâàðòàé äýëãýö
HERCMONO - Ìîíîõðîì ãîðèì áóþó 2 ºíãº
ä¿ðñýëíý.
VGA - Video graphics adapter - Öýãèéã 256
ºí㺺ð ä¿ðñëýõ ÷àäâàðòàé äýëãýö.
̺í MCGA,IBM8514 ãýõ ìýò äýëãýö¿¿ä
àøèãëàãääàã.
- 6. Ãðàôèê ãîðèì
6
Äýýðõ äýëãýö¿¿ä íü á¿ãä ººð ººðèéí
îíöëîãîîñ õàìààð÷ ºí㺠ä¿ðñýëíý.
Äýëãýöèéí ºí㺠ä¿ðñëýõ ÷àäâàð áîëîí
ìýäýýëëèéã ä¿ðñëýõ õýìæýýñ 2 õàðèëöàí óðâóó
õàìààðàëòàé áàéäàã.
Íýã öýãèéí ºíãèéã ñàéí ä¿ðñëýõèéí òóëä
îëîí áèò õýðýãòýé áîëíî. Íýã öýãèéã îëîí áèòýýð
òýìäýãëýõ ó÷ðààñ õýìæýýñ áàãàñíà.
Ó÷èð íü òóõàéí äýëãýöèéí ºí㺠ä¿ðñëýõ
÷àäâàð, ìýäýýëëèéã ä¿ðñëýõ õýìæýýñ íü âèäåî
ñàíàõ îéí õýìæýýíýýñ õàìààðíà.
- 7. Ãðàôèê ãîðèì
Ñè õýëýíä ãðàôèê ãîðèì òîãòîîäîã ôóíêö íü :
initgraph(int far *graphdriver, int far *graphmode,
char far *pathtodriver);
graphdriver - ßìàð òºðëèéí äýëãýö àøèãëàõûã
çààæ ºãºõ õóâüñàã÷
graphmode - Òóõàéí äýëãýö äýýð ÿìàð ãîðèì
òîãòîîõûã çààæ ºãíº.
pathtodriver - Òóõàéí ãðàôèê äýëãýöòýé
àæèëëàõàä øààðäëàãàòàé ìýäýýëë¿¿äèéã
àãóóëñàí *.BGI ôàéëóóä áàéðëàõ çàì
7
- 8. initgraph ôóíêö
Ýíý ôóíêö íü *.bgi ôàéëààñ òóõàéí ãðàôèê
ãîðèìòîé àæèëëàõàä øààðäëàãàòàé àëãîðèòì,
ìýäýýëë¿¿äèéã àâäàã.
*.bgi ôàéëûã pathtodriver -ò çààñàí çàìààñ
õàéãààä îëîõã¿é áîë èäýâõòýé ñàíãààñ õàéíà.
Ýíý ôóíêö íü ãðàôèê ãîðèìûí ºíãºíèé òîõèðãîî
, èäýâõòýé áàéðëàëóóä, çààã÷èä, öîíõîíû
òîõèðãîîíû ìýäýýëë¿¿äèéã ¿¿ñãýæ, àíõíû óòãûã
òîãòîîæ ºãäºã.
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- 9. initgraph ôóíêö
Ýíý ôóíêöýä ÿìàð äýëãýö àøèãëàõàà øóóä
çààæ ºã÷ áîëíî. Ýñâýë ôóíêöýý𠺺ðººð íü
òàíèóëæ áîëíî.
Øóóä çààæ ºãºõ :
int gdriver = VGA, gmode=VGAHI;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:tc");
Ôóíêöýý𠺺ðººð íü òàíèóëàõ :
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
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- 10. graphresult, grapherrormsg ôóíêö
graphresult ôóíêö íü ¿éëäýë ã¿éöýòãýãäñýí
òºëºâèéã òîäîðõîéëíî.
grapherrormsg ôóíêö íü àëäààíû òàéëáàð òýìäýãò
ìºðèéã áóöààíà.
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, er;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); er = graphresult();
if (er != grOk) /* Àëäàà ãàðàõ */
{ printf("Graphics error: %sn", grapherrormsg(er));
exit(1);
}
10
- 11. closegraph ôóíêö
Ýíý ôóíêöýýð ãðàôèê ãîðèìûã õààõ áóþó
àøèãëàãäàæ áàéñàí á¿õ ºãºãäºë , ñàíàõ îéã
÷ºëººëºõ ¿éë àæèëëàãàà õèéíý.
̺í ãðàôèê ãîðèìûã õààñíààð òåêñò ãîðèìä
øèëæèõ áà initgraph -ûã äóóäàõààñ ºìíº áàéñàí
äýëãýöèéí ìýäýýëëèéã ñýðãýýíý.
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
. . .
closegraph();
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- 12. Öýãòýé àæèëëàõ ôóíêöóóä
putpixel(x,y,color) - x,y êîîðäèíàòàä color ºí㺺ð öýã
çóðàõ
getpixel(x,y) - x,y êîîðäèíàòàä ÿìàð ºíãºòýé öýã
áàéãààã îëîõ
lineto(x,y) - Èäýâõòýé áàéðëàëààñ ýõëýí x,y öýã
õ¿ðòýë øóëóóí òàòàõ
moveto(x,y) - Èäýâõòýé áàéðëàëûã x,y öýãò òîãòîîõ
line(x1, y1, x2, y2) - x1,y1-ýýñ x2,y2 õ¿ðòýë øóëóóí
òàòàõ
12
- 13. Òýãø ºíöºãò¿¿ä çóðàõ
int gd=VGA,gm=VGAHI;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
setfillstyle(SLASH_FILL,7);
rectangle(0,0,94,94);
bar(4,4,90,90);
bar3d(104,4,190,90,5,5);
getch();
closegraph();
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Ä¿ðñèéã áºãëºõ
õýëáýðèéã òîãòîîõ
- 14. Îëîí ºíöºãò çóðàõ
int a[10]={0,0,10,40,30,60,70,40,0,0};
int b[10]={5,5,10,32,25,50,65,39,5,5};
int gd=VGA,gm=VGAHI;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
setfillstyle(LINE_FILL,7);
drawpoly(5,a); fillpoly(5,b);
rectangle(100,10,150,60);
floodfill(102,12,15);
closegraph();
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B ìàññèâò ºãñºí
êîîðäèíàòààð ä¿ðñ çóðàõ
- 15. Òîéðîã, ýëëèïñ, ìóðóé çóðàõ
int gd=VGA,gm=VGAHI;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
setfillstyle(LINE_FILL,7);
circle(60,60,50); floodfill(60,60,15);
arc(130,60,0,270,50);
getchar();
closegraph();
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- 16. Òîéðîã, ýëëèïñ, ìóðóé çóðàõ
int gd=VGA,gm=VGAHI;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
setfillstyle(LINE_FILL,7);
ellipse(60,60,0,360,50,30); floodfill(60,60,15);
fillellipse(150,60,30,50);
pieslice(60,100,180,360,50);
getchar();
closegraph();
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- 17. ªí㺠áîëîí ïàëèòðòàé àæèëëàõ
#include<graphics.h>
main() { int gd=DETECT,gm,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
setbkcolor(7); setcolor(6);
for(i=0;i<getmaxcolor();i++)
{ setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,i);
bar(10,i*10,60,i*10+10);
} getchar(); closegraph();
}
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- 18. ªí㺠áîëîí ïàëèòðòàé àæèëëàõ
int gd=DETECT,gm,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
setbkcolor(LIGHTGRAY);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
bar(10,10,60,60); getchar();
setpalette(BLUE,RED);
bar(10,70,60,120); getchar();
closegraph();
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Óëààí ºí㺺ð
çóðàãäàíà
Á¿õ öýíõýð ºíãèéã
óëààí áîëãîõ
- 19. Òåêñò ãàðãàõ
int gd=DETECT,gm,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
setbkcolor(LIGHTGRAY);
outtext("Hello world !");
settextjustify(RIGHT_TEXT,CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(100,50,"Hi world !");
settextjustify(LEFT_TEXT,CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(100,90,"Hi world !");
getchar(); closegraph();
19