Andy Stirling on Measuring Cultural Diversity

Measuring Cultural Diversity? a heuristic approach from science and technology policy Sussex Energy Group Andy Stirling, SPRU science and technology policy research presentation to meeting of the UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity on Measuring Cultural Diversity , Barcelona, 1 st December 2008

Sussex Energy Group Measuring Cultural Diversity? a heuristic approach from science and technology policy Andy Stirling, SPRU science and technology policy research presentation to meeting of the UN Convention on Cultural Diversity on Measuring Cultural Diversity , Barcelona, 1 st December 2008 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multiple Rationales for Diversity Many reasons for social / cultural / economic / technological diversity ,[object Object],[object Object]

Multiple Rationales for Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many reasons for social / cultural / economic / technological diversity

Multiple Rationales for Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many reasons for social / cultural / economic / technological diversity

Multiple Rationales for Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many reasons for social / cultural / economic / technological diversity

Multiple Rationales for Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many reasons for social / cultural / economic / technological diversity

Multiple Rationales for Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many reasons for social / cultural / economic / technological diversity

Some Complexities of Diversity In economics (I guess like culture?) diversity is not a ‘free lunch’ ,[object Object],[object Object]

Some Complexities of Diversity In economics: diversity is not a ‘free lunch’ Diversity can complicate governance ,[object Object],[object Object]

Some Complexities of Diversity Diversity can complicate governance Measuring diversity raises particular issues for democracy ,[object Object],[object Object],In economics: diversity is not a ‘free lunch’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Complexities of Diversity Diversity can complicate governance Diversity raises issues for democracy In economics: diversity is not a ‘free lunch’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Complexities of Diversity Diversity can complicate governance Diversity raises issues for democracy In economics: diversity is not a ‘free lunch’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

literature / music / film / art / theatre / dance / opera genres / styles / provenances / languages / subjects diversity can be increased in three different ways What is Cultural Diversity? – many different disciplines converge

increasing diversity variety number of genres in mix What is Cultural Diversity?

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Existing Approaches to Diversity: Variety variety number of genres in mix

increasing diversity balance evenness in allocations variety number of elements in mix What is Cultural Diversity?

balance evenness in allocations variety number of elements in mix increasing diversity What is Cultural Diversity?

balance evenness in allocations Existing Approaches to Diversity: Balance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

increasing diversity disparity degree of differences variety number of elements in mix balance evenness in contributions What is Cultural Diversity?

disparity degree of differences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Existing Approaches to Diversity: Disparity ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Conditions for a General ‘Diversity Heuristic’

[object Object],[object Object],Constructing a General Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distances between pairs of elements represent their mutual disparity ( d a,b ) a b c ,[object Object],[object Object],From Cultural Disparity to Cultural Diversity

Distances between pairs of elements represent their mutual disparity ( d a,b ) Disparity of a portfolio of elements is given as a function of these pairwise distances a b c d a,b d b,c and… Variety and balance can be captured by weighting this by the product of the proportional importance in the system of each element in the pair ( p i .p j ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],From Cultural Disparity to Cultural Diversity

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic PORTFOLIO A ,[object Object],[object Object],disparity ,[object Object]

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic rock rap opera PORTFOLIO A ,[object Object],[object Object],disparity ,[object Object]

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic PORTFOLIO A 70% 5% 25% ,[object Object],[object Object],disparity ,[object Object],rock rap opera

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic PORTFOLIO A PORTFOLIO B 70% 5% 25% 70% 25% 5% ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],disparity rock rap opera rock rap opera

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],  0 0  ´  ij d ij 0 diversity property variety

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],  0 0 0 1  ´  ij d ij 0  ij p i . p j diversity property variety balance

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],  0 0 0 1 1 0  ´  ij d ij 0  ij p i . p j  ij d ij diversity property variety balance disparity

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],  0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1  ´  ij d ij 0  ij p i . p j  ij d ij  ij d ij . p i . p j diversity property variety balance disparity diversity ,[object Object]

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PORTFOLIO A gas wind 75% 25%

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic PORTFOLIO A ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],+ + gas wind 75% 25%

Some Properties of the New Diversity Heuristic + + 75% nuclear 25% wind PORTFOLIO B ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PORTFOLIO A ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],gas wind 75% 25%

Mapping Relations between Diversity and Priorities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Deriving Structures of Cultural Disparity criteria of cultural characteristics a b c ,[object Object],[object Object],criteria of policy priority criteria of cultural provenance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],d a,b d b,c

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Stylised Example: Disparity in Publishing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Conventional ‘Category Counting’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Subjective Aggregation of Publishing Disparity ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Systematic Picture of Publishing Disparity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mapping Cultural Diversity and Policy Priorities

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mapping Diversity against Priorities ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Schematic Results

Exploring Sensitivities heuristic framework for analysis and reflexive deliberation catalyst for a more open, accessible politics of diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusions Many reasons for social / cultural / economic / technical diversity But … cultural diversity also presents economic and political challenges Nature of cultural diversity and desirable degree are inherently subjective Three properties: variety , balance and especially disparity offer framework This yields a flexible heuristic to explore perspectives & trade-offs  =  ij d ij . p i .p j Avoids contingencies of simply counting arbitrary categories Aids more systematic, transparent and accountable ‘democracy of diversity’ Allows exploration / representation of relations and conditions linking cultural diversity and other cultural policy priorities

Andy Stirling on Measuring Cultural Diversity

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Andy Stirling on Measuring Cultural Diversity

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