Exploration of the United States Federal Regulation on Human Stem Cell Research and Migration Patterns of Stem Cell Researchers in the United States
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This document outlines a study exploring the migration patterns of stem cell researchers from the United States to Singapore and how shifts in federal regulation of human stem cell research in each country may have influenced migration. The study will construct timelines of stem cell research policies in the US and Singapore, build a database of researchers who emigrated between the two countries, and determine if changes in US policy correlated with increases in emigration. Preliminary analysis identified 51 researchers who moved from the US to Singapore during 2003-2008, when US restrictions were tightest, suggesting regulation motivated their relocation. However, the population size is small and more data is needed to accurately represent migration trends.
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Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
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Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Exploration of the United States Federal Regulation on Human Stem Cell Research and Migration Patterns of Stem Cell Researchers in the United States
- 2. Exploration of the United States Federal Regulation on Human Stem Cell Research and Migration Patterns of Stem Cell Researchers in the United States Authors: Spurthi Gubbala 1, Dr. Victoria Meller 2* Affiliations: 1 Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202; 2* Department Chair of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
- 3. Abstract ● Human embryonic stem cells advance research and medicine ● Laws governing stem cell research in the US are inconsistent ● Singapore established stable regulation of stem cell research ● I will look for evidence that US researchers emigrated to Singapore because of this: ○ Construct timeline of regulations of human stem cell research in US and Singapore ○ Build database of stem cell researchers that emigrate ○ Determine if there is a correlation between shifts in regulation in US and emigration
- 4. Different Degrees of Stem Cell Potency ● Totipotent ○ Can differentiate into any cell Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) are cultured from ICM ● Pluripotent ○ Cannot form extraembryonic tissues ● Multipotent ○ Differentiate within a particular group
- 5. History of Stem Cell Research ● Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King (1952) ○ Frog nuclei lose potency with age ● Martin Evans, Matt Kaufman, and Gail Martin (1981) ○ Generated mouse ESCs ● Ian Wilmut (1996) ○ Cloned Dolly by nuclear transfer ● James Thomson (1998) ○ Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
- 6. Stem Cell Regulation in the US and Singapore Singapore United States
- 7. Experimental Strategy ● Search publication and funding databases to identify researchers ● Flag those moving from US to Singapore and note year ● Correlate time of move with timeline of legislation in US
- 9. Conclusions I have identified 51 stem cell researchers that have moved from the US to Singapore. The majority moved between 2003 and 2008, suggesting that US restrictions motivated their move. A solid conclusion cannot be made with a population size this small. Also, the number scientists that did move from US to Singapore need to be compared to stem cell researchers who did not to get a more accurate representation. Based on this preliminary analysis, it looks as if legislation in the United States and Singapore was a factor in emigration of stem cell researchers in the US.
Editor's Notes
- -Make bullet point form Stem cell research has already made many advances in the medical field and still has huge potential. The huge potential is the factor that motivated many to pursue research in stem cell research. Although fueled by excitement, research in this field has raised ethical concerns and faced technical challenges. Legislation addressing ethical concerns has also limited some types of human stem cell research. The purpose of this study is to determine if laws regulating human stem cell research have contributed to the migration of researchers from the United States to other countries, particularly Singapore. Singapore’s regulation on stem cell research was calculated in nature. First, I will introduce the different degrees of stem cells potency, describe what they are, and how they are created. In addition, I will further introduce cloning by nuclear transfer because it is the method used to produce stem cells. Then, I will outline advances, missteps, and ethical controversy in this field. Also, I will examine the history of legislation to restrict the production and use of various types of human stem cells in the United States and determine if it is plausible that these restrictions contributed to the migration of researchers abroad and the rise of Singapore as a world leader in this field.