2. The word "photography" comes from the French photographie which
is based on the Greek φώς (phos) "light" + γραφίς (graphis) "stylus",
"paintbrush" or γραφή (graphê) "representation by means of lines" or
"drawing", together meaning "drawing with light." Traditionally, the
product of photography has been called a photograph, commonly
shortened to "photo"
3. Photography
The process and art of recording pictures by means of capturing
light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic
sensor. Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects expose a
sensitive silver halide based chemical or electronic medium during
a timed exposure, usually through a photographic lens in a device
known as a camera that also stores the resulting information
chemically or electronically
4. The camera is the image-forming device, and photographic film (film
camera) or a silicon electronic image sensor (digital) is the sensing
medium. The respective recording medium can be the film itself, or
a digital electronic or magnetic memory
5. Photographers control the camera and lens to "expose" the light
recording material (such as film) to the required amount of light to
form a "latent image" (on film) or “image file" (in digital cameras)
which, after appropriate processing, is converted to a usable image
6. Digital cameras replace film with an electronic image sensor based
on light-sensitive electronics such as charge-coupled device (CCD)
or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
The resulting digital image is stored electronically, but can be
reproduced on paper or film
7. In all but certain specialized cameras, the process of obtaining a
usable exposure must involve the use, manually or automatically,
of a few controls to ensure the photograph is clear, sharp and well
illuminated
8. Camera controls are inter-related. The total amount of light
reaching the film plane (the "exposure") changes with the duration
of exposure, aperture of the lens, and, the effective focal length of
the lens (which in variable focal length lenses, can change as the
lens is zoomed). Changing any of these controls can alter the
exposure
9. Many cameras may be set to adjust most or all of these controls
automatically. This automatic functionality is useful for occasional
photographers in many situations
10. Commercial photography is probably best defined as any
photography to which money exchanges hands. In this light money
could be paid for the subject of the photograph or the photograph
itself. Wholesale, retail, and professional uses of photography
would fall under this definition
11. Advertising photography
photographs made to illustrate and usually sell a service or product.
These images are generally done with an advertising agency,
design firm or with an in-house corporate design team
This would include “product photography”.. Like pack-shots… and
is called table-top photography
12. Fashion and glamour photography
This type of photography usually incorporates models. Fashion
photography emphasizes the clothes or product, glamour
emphasizes the model. Glamour photography is popular in
advertising and in men's magazines
13. Still Life photography
usually depicts inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace
objects which may be either natural or man-made
14. Food photography
can be used for editorial, packaging or advertising use. Food
photography is similar to still life photography, but requires some
special skills
15. Editorial photography
photographs made to illustrate a story or idea within the context of
a magazine. These are usually assigned by the magazine
16. Photojournalism
This can be considered a subset of editorial photography
Photographs made in this context are accepted as a
documentation of a news story
17. Portrait & Wedding
Photographs made and sold directly to the end user of the images
18. Fine art photography
Photographs made to fulfill a vision, and reproduced to be sold
directly to the customer
19. Landscape photography
photographs of different locations or scenery, made to be sold to
tourists as postcards or for display in the house or office
20. Conceptual photography
Photography that turns a concept or idea into a photograph. Even
though what is depicted in the photographs are real objects, the
subject is strictly abstract
22. Overview of
Photographic process
What does it really mean when you "take" a picture with a camera?
When you click the shutter, you have frozen a moment in time by
recording the visible light reflected from the objects in the camera's
field of view. In order to do that, the reflected light causes a
chemical change to the photographic film inside the camera. The
chemical record is very stable, and can be subsequently
developed, amplified and modified to produce a representation (a
print) of that moment
23. Overview of
Photographic process
To understand the whole process, you'll have to learn some of
the science behind photography -- exposing the image,
processing the image, and producing a print of the image
24. Film for common 35mm cameras comes in long narrow strips of
chemical coated plastic. As each image is captured by the
camera onto the film strip, the film strip advances so that the next
image is projected onto unexposed film. When the film is
developed it is a long strip of small negative images. This strip is
often cut into sections for easier handling
25. These negative images are the master images, from which all other
copies will be made, and they are treated with care and handled
with caution
27. Today, photography has become a powerful means of
communication and a mode of visual expression that touches
human life in many ways. For example, photography has become
popular as a means of recording and storing memories. Most of the
billions of photographs taken today are snapshots--casual records
to document personal events such as vacations, birthdays, and
weddings
28. Photographs are used extensively by newspapers, magazines,
books, and television to convey information and advertise products
and services. Practical applications of photography are found in
nearly every human endeavor from astronomy to medical diagnosis
and industrial quality control to living spaces
29. Today photography is widely recognized as a fine art. Photographs
are displayed in art museums, prized by collectors, discussed by
critics, and studied in art history courses. Because of the special
nature of photography, however, this was not always the case. In
the early days of photography some people considered the medium
something of a poor relation to the older, established visual arts,
such as drawing and painting
30. The arguments stemmed from the fact that a camera is a
mechanical instrument. Because the mechanical procedure of taking
a picture is automatic, detractors claimed that photography required
no coordination of hand and eye and none of the manual skills
essential to drawing and painting. They also argued that
photography required no creativity or imagination because the
photographic subject was "ready-made" and did not require
manipulation or control by the photographer
31. As a nonverbal means of communication, photography can
surmount the barriers of language and communicate through
universal visual symbols. Photographs are well suited for use in the
mass media. Today they are reproduced by the billions, and they
can be found everywhere: in the pages of newspapers, magazines,
books, catalogs, and brochures; on display in billboards, shop
windows, and posters; broadcast over television; and organized into
slide shows and film strips
32. A camera, no matter how many automatic features it may have, is a
lifeless piece of equipment until a person uses it. It then becomes a
uniquely responsive tool--an extension of the photographer's eye
and mind. A photographer creates a picture by a process of
selection
33. Photographers looking through the camera's viewfinder must decide
what to include and what to exclude from the scene. They select the
distance from which to take the picture and the precise angle that
best suits their purpose. They select the instant in which to trip the
shutter. This decision may require hours of patient waiting until the
light is exactly right or it may be a split-second decision, but the
photographer's sense of timing is always crucial
34. Photographers can expand or flatten perspective by the use of
certain lenses. They can freeze motion or record it as a blur,
depending on their choice of shutter speed. They can create an
infinite number of lighting effects with flashes or floodlights. They
can alter the tonal values or colors in a picture by their choice of film
and filters. These are only a few of the controls available to a
photographer when taking a picture
35. Social responsibility
True representation without any distortion
Only visual part of the communication
Show something that the others do not see
36. A word about photos
It is really important when looking at photos to remember
that the photographer has shown us what he wanted to show
us
Photographs can be altered easily and the message altered
Remember that there is a lot of space outside of the photo
that you can’t see
37. Look at the following photos and think about the following:
What the people are feeling ?
What are they doing ?
What might be happening outside of the camera frame ?
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46. Language is a bond, a way of getting ideas across
Photography is also a mode of visual expression
Visual literacy involves visually literate photography
75. You've got to have the passion, Without the passion, you're nothing.
You have to throw yourself into it and be willing to take the risks to
grow. You also have to be willing to put in the time to learn by trial
and error. Do not hesitate to experiment. You also learn by creating a
network of like-minded people who are doing the same thing. We've
all learned communication through the years from our peers
