2. Sustainable Development Goals | Sanitation
Objectives related to sanitation
Equitable access to safe and
affordable drinking water for all
Access to adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all
End open defecation
Special attention to the needs of
women and girls
International Cooperation and
capacity building support to
developing countries
Support and strengthen the
participation of local communities
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3. India| Status of Sanitation
• India has more mobile phones than
toilets
• 60% of all open defecations in the
world are in India
• 50% of slums lack drainage facilities
• 30% of deaths of Indians under 5 are
diarrhoea related
• Female learners drop out of school
due to lack of toilets
Digital Artefact submitted as part of course “Financing for Development” – Rajesh Nooka3
Image source: http://muftbooks.com/open-defecation-important-facts/
4. India | Access to sanitation
Digital Artefact submitted as part of course “Financing for Development” – Rajesh Nooka4
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
India 37 38 39 40 40
Lower Middle Income 49 49.8 50.5 51.3 52
World 65.3 65.9 66.5 67 67.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with
access)
India Lower Middle Income World Source: World Bank
Indians having
access to
sanitation is much
lesser than the
average ofWorld
and even the
Lower Middle
Income Countries
5. India | Access to sanitation
Digital Artefact submitted as part of course “Financing for Development” – Rajesh Nooka5
0
50
100
150
200
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Improved sanitation facilities (% of
population with access)
India Lower Middle Income World
Source: World Bank
6. Indian household without toilet facilities | 2012
No Bathroom No Latrine
Rural India 62.3 59.4
Urban India 16.7 8.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Rural India Urban India
Digital Artefact submitted as part of course “Financing for Development” – Rajesh Nooka6
Source: National Sample Survey
7. Sanitation Programmes in India | Challenges
• Establishing huge sanitation infrastructure to provide public services for
all
• Lack of proper waste disposal systems
• Keeping waste out of environment
• Lack of awareness in rural areas about ill-effects of poor sanitation
• Lack of resources (Land,Water, Energy etc.,) to build, maintain and
operate sanitation facilities/infrastructure such as toilets, waste
disposal systems, sewers etc.,
• Fragmented between national and state (provincial) governments
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8. Initiatives by the Government
• Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan orTotal Sanitation Campaign
• A programme following the principles of community-led total sanitation (CLTS)
initiated by the Government of India
• Nirmal Gram Puraskar
• Award to recognise the achievements and efforts made in ensuring full sanitation
coverage
• Central Rural Sanitation Program
• Program to improve quality of life of the rural people and also to provide privacy and dignity
to women
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission)
• National campaign by the Government of India, covering 4,041 statutory cities and towns, to
clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country
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9. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) |
Objectives
Eliminate open defecation by constructing toilets for households,
communities
Eradicate manual scavenging
Introduce modern and scientific municipal solid waste management
practices
Enable private sector participation in the sanitation sector
Change people’s attitudes to sanitation and create awareness
Capacity augmentation for Urban Local Bodies
Create enabling environment for private sector participation (Capex & Opex)
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10. Financing Sanitation
• Provide funds for all the elements of the sanitation program
• Be sustainable. Funds must always be available for the key elements of the sanitation
program, and match funding to the responsibilities of different institutional partners.
• Advance agreed national sanitation policies and strategies: Financing practice
must be consistent with the declared spirit of national policies and strategies.
• Maximize public and private benefits: Sanitation and hygiene improvements have
public and private costs and benefits. Public funds should be used for hygienic
practices, policy development and institutional strengthening, community hardware
such as wastewater treatment plants and sewer collection systems. Private funds
should be used for essentially private elements of the system (soap, individual latrines
etc).
• Achieve equity: Equity concerns apply equally to the hygiene behavior elements of
the program.Adequate funds must be made available if health gains are to be
achieved in areas where there has been little progress in the past.
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Source: World Bank Resource Guide
11. Financing requirements | Swachh Bharat Mission
• Swachh Bharat Mission envisages an investment
of ₹62009 crore (US$9.3 billion)
• ₹14623 crore (US$2.2 billion) will be provided by the Government of India
• The rest is expected to be raised by states, urban local bodies, and from
private players.
• For FY 2015-16, the Government has allocated ₹3625 crore (US$540 million)
for Swachh Bharat Mission, an increase of 27% over the previous financial
year.
• For funding the mission, a Swachh Bharat Cess has been imposed on Service
Tax at the rate of 0.5% since 15 November 2015.
• The programme has also received funding and technical support from
the World Bank, corporations as part of corporate social responsibility
initiatives, and by state governments under the Sarva Shiksha
Abhiyan and Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan schemes.
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Source: Wikipedia
12. Conclusion
Access to decent sanitation stands for
dignity of life and a basic need of human
beings
Adequate sanitation is directly related to
human health and poverty alleviation
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