Fire Protection System

Presented By: Mr. Ghule Pramod Babasaheb
From:1st Year M.Pharm (Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance)
Dattakala College of Pharmacy, Daund, Pune
(Savitribai Phule Pune University)
Date: 27th-Jul-2021

Ghule Pramod Babasaheb Dattakala College of Pharmacy ghule.pramod2@gmail.com 9561676905

• The self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation
of a fuel which produces heat and light.
• Fire is an exothermic chemical reaction
between oxygen and fuel at certain temperature.

Fire prevention is a function of
many fire departments. The goal of
fire prevention is to educate the
public to take precautions to
prevent potentially harmful fires,
and be educated about surviving
them. It is a proactive method of
preventing fire-based in
emergencies and reducing the
damage caused by them.

Upto
177 °C
OR
350 °F

A good fire evacuation plan for
your business / institute / office
/ school will include primary
and secondary escape routes.
Clear signs should mark all the
exit routes and fire escapes.
These exit routes should be
kept clear of furniture or other
objects that could impede a
direct means of egress for your
employees

Smoke detectors respond to the visible
and invisible products of combustion.
The visible products consist mainly of
unconsumed carbon and carbon-rich
particles. The invisible products
consist mainly of solid particles
smaller than five microns. There are
two basic types of smoke detectors:
the combustion products type and the
photoelectric type.

1) Portable radio with spare
batteries
2) Torch with spare batteries
3) First aid kit (with supplies
necessary for your household)
4) Candles and waterproof
matches
5) Important papers including
emergency contact numbers
6) Waterproof bag for valuable
7) Food and water for next 72
hours.

A fire door is a door with a fire-
resistance rating used as part of
a passive fire protection system
to reduce the spread of fire and
smoke between separate
compartments of a structure
and to enable safe egress from a
building or structure or ship.

A fire hydrant is a pipe that allows
water to flow from a water main with
the control of a valve in order to put
out a fire. Fire Hydrant Protection
System is designed to fight fire of
huge proportions, in all classes of
risks. It is designed to be in operation
even if a part of the affected structure
collapses.

• There are four elements that must be present for a fire to exist.
• There must be oxygen to sustain combustion, heat to raise the
material to its ignition temperature, fuel to support the combustion
and a chemical reaction between the other three elements.
• Remove any 1 of 3 elements to extinguish fire.
• The concept of fire protection is based upon keeping
these 3 elements separate.

• Class A: Ordinary materials such as paper, wood, cloth.
• Class B: Flammable liquids or Combustible liquids such as
gasoline, paint, propane, kerosene.
• Class C: Electrical equipment fires, appliances, switches, panels.
• Class D: Certain metals such as magnesium, sodium, potassium,
titanium and aluminium.
• Class K: Fires involving commercial cooking appliances with
vegetable oils, animal oils or fats at high temperature.

FIRE

1) Liquid hydrocarbons, flammable liquids, lower the energy required for
ignition.
2) H2S lowers the LEL and creates pyrophoric iron sulphides.
3) Oil-based work over fluids can absorb oxygen.
4) Mixing chemicals can have unforeseen impacts.
5) High pressures & temperatures can cause auto-ignition.
6) Rapid pressure or temperature changes can trigger explosive events.
7) Flowing explosive mixtures into closed systems brings the ingredients
together and allows pressure to rise quickly.
8) Pre-existing trapped air can complicate safe operations.

 Fuel Controls: Purging, proper containment, and alternative
fluid selection.
 Oxygen Control: Isolation equipment, warning systems,
proper storage of chemicals, knowledge of LEL.
 Energy Control: Reduction of voltage, pressure, temperature,
agitation; use of water mists.
 It is more difficult to control energy sources than it is to
control fuel or oxygen sources.

This is the fundamental step in hazard management.
SOME WAYS OF IDENTIFYING HAZARDS:
• Workplace inspection
• Incident reporting
• Register of injuries
• Consultation with employees
• Feedback from employees.

When you have identified
the hazards, you need to
assess the risk created by
each hazard. The risk is the
likelihood that the hazard
will cause injury in the
way it is used or occurs in
the workplace and the
severity of the injury.

It is not enough to just
find & rate the hazards.
After founding the
hazard it is important to
eliminate or control the
hazard before the injury
of people due to hazard

It is important to know if your
risk assessment was complete
and accurate. It is also essential
to be sure that changes in the
workplace have not introduced
new hazards or changed
hazards that were once ranked
as lower priority to a higher
priority.

• Keeping records of your assessment and any control actions taken
is very important. You may be required to store assessments for a
specific number of years.
• Check for local requirements in your jurisdiction. The level of
documentation or record keeping will depend on:
a. Level of risk involved.
b. Legislated requirements.
c. Requirements of any management systems that may be in place.

1) Electricity passivation
2) Ventilation
3) Sprinkling
4) Proofing
5) Fire walls
6) Bunds
7) Relief Systems:-
i. Relief valves
ii. Flares
iii. Scrubbers

Electrical hazards are the cause of numerous workplace fires each
year. Faculty electrical equipment or misuse of equipment produces
heat and sparks that serve as ignition sources in the presence of
flammable and combustible materials.
Examples of common ignition hazards:
• Overloading circuits
• Use of unapproved electrical devices
• Damaged or worn wiring

The basic premise of ventilation at a fire is to remove the
products of combustion from the structure. This tactic has
one main benefit, which is to protect the firefighters and
officers inside the building trying to extinguish
the fire because we let the fire, heat and smoke out of the
building.

A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water
supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution
piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. ... Each sprinkler activates
independently when the predetermined heat level is reached.

Fireproofing, a passive fire protection measure, refers to the act of making
materials or structures more resistant to fire, or to those materials themselves, or
the act of applying such materials. Applying a certification listed fireproofing
system to certain structures allows these to have a fire-resistance rating.
FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION (Fire Resistive Construction)
Construction of buildings that resist fire damage and prevent the spread of fire.
Fireproof building containing only no burning components, Such as steel, terra-
cotta, plaster, and concrete.
Fire-resistance requirements can range from 3 to 4 hour.

Firewall is defined as a wall separating buildings or subdividing a
building to prevent the spread of fire while maintaining structural
stability and offering fire resistance.
Tank bunds have traditionally been erected as a fire protection measure
with the objective of achieving containment of the flammable liquid
concerned which otherwise may discharge into a building where, if they
become involved in a fire, may intensity or promote fire spread from one
building to another via the flow of burning liquid.

The pilot valve manages the system by sensing discharge pressure and controls the
opening and closing of the relief valve. The relief valve directs water from the
discharge of the pump back into the intake of the pump when pressure surges occur.

A flare, also sometimes
called a fusée, is a type of
pyrotechnic that produces a
bright light or intense heat
without an explosion.
Flares are used for distress
signaling, illumination, or
defensive countermeasures
in civilian and military
applications.

Fume scrubbers are installed to remove or neutralize the harmful
substances emitted from combustion, or in this case, the storage of
chemicals. There are two main kinds of scrubbers, dry scrubbers and
wet scrubbers.
• Dry scrubbers are used to remove acid gases primarily from
combustion sources.
• Wet scrubbers can remove particulate matter by capturing them in
liquid droplets. The droplets are then collected, with the liquid
dissolving or absorbing the pollutant gases.

1) Fire Safety Management Handbook – Third Edition, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, By
Daniel E. Della-Giustina, Ph.D
2) Environmental Science, By Dr. Y.K.Singh, New Age International (P) Limited Pblishers
3) https://esa.act.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-
11/Home%20Emergency%20Kit%20Checklist.pdf
4) https://www.uregina.ca/hr/hsw/assets/docs/pdf/Emergency-Management/The-ABCs-of-Fire-
Extinguishers.pdf
5) https://www.cmu.edu/ehs/Guidelines/fire-extinguisher-reference-guide.pdf
6) https://www.uregina.ca/hr/hsw/assets/docs/pdf/Emergency-Management/The-ABCs-of-Fire-
Extinguishers.pdf
7) https://www.fireandsafetyaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Fire-Extinguisher-
Selection-chart.pdf
8) http://www.zurichservices.com/zsc/reel.nsf/2f7b1d804e43a794c125710e004b3cd5/7f3317498b
ec1dcb802578b6004f0899/$FILE/VCUK_tank%20_bunds_rt_20120130.pdf

Fire Protection System

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Fire Protection System