SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 21
Download to read offline
Term Paper

                       On
                                          I
                                      T AN
                  PA
Microprocessor: Motorola
         68040 TU
                                S E
                            D
                        I AN
                E      R
             Submitted to
                 A V
Information H
            technology department
             J
        AN
 Nirma University (NIT), Ahmedabad
         J
      O
    PO


             April, 2012
!"#$%"#&'()'
                                          I
                                      T AN
         10BIT063     Poojan Jhaveri
         10BIT041                PA
                       Setu Patani
                               U
                               S ET
!                          D
                         I AN
            "#$%&!'(%!)*+$,#-%!./!

                    V ER
                 012!!"#$%&$'()!
                  A
              J H!"#$%#&'()*#+),!
                3

          JAN            !
      O                !
    PO                 !
                       !
                       !
                       %
*+,-.%!/+01,2+34!
                 5/23+3631%78%'19:/7;7<4%
                              %
                           *#"+,-,.%+#'
                                                                     I
!

                                                                T AN
                                                 PA
         4(+1!+1!'.!-%&'+/5!'(,'!'(%!'%&6!7,7%&!%#'+'8%$!
                                                %
    =+9,7>,791227,%?%=737,7;.%@ABCB %69.$+%1!'(%!.&+:+#,8!
                                            E TU
    ;.&<!$.#%!95!=%'*!>,',#+!,#$!>..?,#!@(,A%&+!*#$%&!65!
                            1*7%&A+1+.#2! S
                                                D
                                        !
                                        I AN
                                  V ER!
                           A            !
                         JH
                  AN
                                        !
              J
>8,-%B!C(6%$,9,$! !           !     !       !       !   !   !    !       !
            O
         P   O
D,'%B!C7&+8!EF!GHIG! !        !     !       !       !   !   =+:#,'*&%!
                                        !
                                        !
!
!"#$%&'(&)'*+%*+,&&
!
    !   !"#$%&'(#)%"*
    !   +(,"%-./&0/1/"#**
        2%#%$%.3*45676*2)($%*8$%(/99%$*              I
                                                  AN
    !
    !   :/3#'$/9*%;*2%#%$%.3*45676*             T
    !   8)"*<)30$31*                         PA
    !   =.%(,*&)30$31*3"&*>'9*(%"#$%../$*
                                        E TU
    !   !"#/0/$*?")#*                 S
                                    D
    !   2/1%$@*23"30/1/"#*?")#9*
                               I AN
    !   :.%3#)"0*8%)"#*?")#* R
    !   A)0"3.*0$%'B9* A  VE
    !                 JH
        8$%0$311)"0*2%&/.*
    !
                 J AN
        +&&$/99)"0*C3B3>).)#)/9*
    !          O
        +&D3"#30/9*3"&*<)93&D3"#30/9*
    !       PO
        C%"(.'9)%"**
    !   E/;/$/"(/9*
*

*       *   *   *   *

*       *
!"#$%&'(#)%"*
!
"#$%! "&'(! )*)&'! $%! *! )*'+! ,-! +#&! .//,0*+$0&! 1%%$2/(&/+3!
*%%$2/&4!+,!+#&!5+#!!6&(&%+&'!%+74&/+%!,-!+#&!./-,'(*+$,/!
"&8#/,9,2:;! .+! $%! *%%$2/&4! <:! +#&! ./-,'(*+$,/!       I
"&8#/,9,2:! 4&)*'+(&/+3! =$'(*! >/$0&'%$+:!        T AN ?=."@3!
                                                PA
1#(&4*<*4! 7/4&'! +#&! %7<A&8+! ,-! B$8',)',8&%%,'!
1'8#$+&8+7'&!*/4!C',2'*(($/2;! TU
                                       S E
!                                    D
"#$%! +&'(! )*)&'! '&-&'%! I+,!   AN +#&! *'8#$+&8+7'&! */4!
                             ER
-7/8+$,/*9$+:! ,-! B,+,',9*! DEF5F! B$8',)',8&%%,';!
"#&!B,+,',9*! DEF5F!$%!V  A *!($8',)',8&%%,'!-',(!B,+,',9*3!
'&9&*%&4! $/! GHHF;! .+!H +#&! %788&%%,'! +,! +#&!DEFIF!*/4! $%!
                      J $%!
                  AN
-,99,J&4!<:!+#&!DEFDF;!"#&'&!J*%!/,!DEFKF;!
                J
!             O
        PO
!                  !
!"#$%&'()*(+($,-
                               !
!!
"#! $%#! &! '$(! ($! "#! $#%&! '&()*!! )**+*(&,(! -.$/#**$.! &(!
                                                        I
                                                     AN
+,-./()0! 123)42)! &45! 64734))0347! 8).&0(-)4(9! :30-&!
                                                   T
$43;)0#3(<! /$.! 01+2+,0! 1*! (3.$103! (3#! *145#6(! &,2! /$.!
7.$8+2+,0!3#.!8&'1&4'#!3#'7!&,2!*177$.(9!      PA
"#! &.#! &'*$! (3&,:/1'! ($! =4#(3(/()! ,>!E
                                             TU
                                           ?)2%4,*,7<9! :30-&!
                                         S
$43;)0#3(<9! /$.! 2#*+0,+,0! (3+*! :+,2! $/! +,,$8&(+8#! %$.:!
                                     D
                                  AN
%3+63! +,6.#&*#*! (3#! +,(#.#*(! $/! *(12#,(*! ($%&.2*! (3#!
                                I
                             ER
*145#6(9!

                         A V
;+,&''<=! <#(! +>7$.(&,('<=! %#! %$1'2! '+:#! ($! #?7.#**! $1.!
3#&.(/#'(! (3&,:*! J  H $1.! 4#'$8#2! 7&.#,(*! /$.! (3#+.!
                     ($!
                  N
4'#**+,0*=! $1.!A/.+#,2*@6'&**>&(#*! /$.! (3#+.! 3#'7! &,2!
                J
              O
%+*3#*!/$.!(3#!*166#**/1'!6$>7'#(+$,!$/!(3+*!7.$5#6(9!

!         PO
                                   !
                                   !
                                   !
Motorola 68040 microprocessor
!
!
!"#$%&'(#)%"*
!
!"#$%&'&(&)*$ +,-.-$/0$ *$1/2(&3(&2#00&($4(&1$%&'&(&)*5$ (#)#*0#6$ /7$ 899-:$ ;'$ /0$
'"#$0<22#00&($'&$'"#$+,-=-$*76$/0$4&))&>#6$?@$'"#$+,-+-:$!"#(#$>*0$7&$+,-A-:$
!
%&'&(&)*$ &44/2/*))@$ <7>(*33#6$ /'0$ 7#>#0'$ =BC?/'$ 1/2(&3(&2#00&(5$ '"#$ +,-.-:$
%*7<4*2'<(#6$ >/'"$ -:,C1/2(&7$ "/D"C03##6$ E%FG$ '#2"7&)&D@5$ '"#$ +,-.-$ 3*2H0$

                                                                                        I
8:B$ 1/))/&7$ '(*70/0'&(0$ &7$ *$ 0/7D)#$ 0/)/2&7$ 6/#:$ I/'"$ 9--5---$ #J'(*$ '(*70/0'&(0$ '&$
>&(H$ >/'"$ &K#($ '"#$ =--5---$ '(*70/0'&(0$ /7$ *$ +,---$ 3(&2#00&(5$ '"#$ +,-.-L0$
6#0/D7#(0$*66#6$7#>$4#*'<(#0$*76$?&&0'#6$3#(4&(1*72#:$
                                                                                  A N
                                                                           AT
$
!"#$ EMN$ "*0$ =BC?/'$ *66(#00$ *76$ 6*'*$ ?<0#05$ *76$ 2*7$ *66(#00$ <3$ '&$ .$ OP$ &4$
                                                                         P
1#1&(@:$!"#$+,-.-$"*0$'>&$3(/K/)#D#$1&6#0$C$<0#($1&6#$*76$0<3#(K/0&($1&6#:$


                                                                 TU
N0#($ 1&6#$ /0$ &?Q#2'C2&6#$ 2&13*'/?)#$ >/'"$ #*()/#($ D#7#(*'/&70$ &4$ +,-J-$
3(&2#00&(0:$G<3#(K/0&($1&6#$/0$7&'$4<))@$2&13*'/?)#$>/'"$#*()/#($+,R$EMN0$6<#$'&$


                                                            S  E
2"*7D#0$/7$1#1&(@$1*7*D#1#7'$*76$#J2#3'/&7$3(&2#00/7D:$!"#$+,-.-$0<33&('0$
7#>$0@72"(&7&<0$*76$?<(0'$?<0$1&6#05$'"*'$>#(#$/7'(&6<2#6$?@$+,-=-$EMN:$
$
$                                                      D
                                                  A N
                                              I
                                     V ER
                                  A
                             JH
                   J AN
               O
$
$        P O                                                                            $


!"#$ EMN$ *)0&$ /7'#D(*'#0$ S)&*'/7D$ M&/7'$ N7/':$ !"#$ /7'#D(*'#6$ SMN$ 2*7$ #J#2<'#$
1&0'$ 2&11&7$ %&'&(&)*$ +,,,8$T$+,,,B$/70'(<2'/&70$ *76$ 6*'*$ '@3#0:$ UJ#2<'/&7$
'/1#$ &4$ *))$ 0<33&('#6$ S)&*'/7DCM&/7'$ /70'(<2'/&70$ >*0$ 0/D7/4/2*7')@$ (#6<2#6:$ V))$
<70<33&('#6$ SM$ /70'(<2'/&70$ *76$ 6*'*$ '@3#0$ *(#$ #1<)*'#6$ /7$ 0&4'>*(#:$ !"#$
%&'&(&)*$ +,-.-$ *)0&$ 4#*'<(#0$ 0#3*(*'#$ 1#1&(@$ 1*7*D#1#7'$ <7/'0$ 4&($
/70'(<2'/&70$ *76$ 6*'*5$ *76$ 1<)'/3)#$ /76#3#76#7'$ #J#2<'/&7$ 3/3#)/7#0:$ G&1#$
/7'#(7*)$)&D/2$&4$'"#$%&'&(&)*$+,-.-$<0#0$BJ$2)&2H$4(#W<#72@5$?<'$'"#$3(&2#00&($
2*77&'$?#$2&70/6#(#6$6&<?)#C2)&2H#6:$
$
$
!"#$ %&'('$ )*+$ ,"#$ -./+,$%&'0'$ -*1.23$1#14#/$ ).,"$ *5$ 6578".9$:26*,.5;7<6.5,$
=5.,$>:<=?@$ A,$ ,"B+$ .582BC#C$ *22$ 6-$ ,"#$ -B58,.65*2.,3$ ,"*,$ 9/#D.6B+23$ /#EB./#C$
#0,#/5*2$ 8".9+F$ 5*1#23$ ,"#$ :<=$ *5C$G#16/3$ G*5*;#1#5,$ =5.,$>GG=?F$ )".8"$
)*+$ *CC#C$ .5$ ,"#$ %&'H'@$ A,$ *2+6$ "*C$ +92.,$ .5+,/B8,.65$ *5C$ C*,*$ 8*8"#+$ 6-$
($I.2643,#+$#*8"@$A,$)*+$-B223$9.9#2.5#CF$).,"$+.0$+,*;#+@$
$
!
!
!




                                                                                  I
                                                                             A N
                                                                    P AT

                                                           E TU
                                                        S      !
!                                                   D
!
                                                A N
                                            I
"#!$%%&'! ()*+#,-./!*-0%1,'2.F$,"#$%&'('$)*+$-6B5C$1*.523$.5$,"#$G*8.5,6+"$

                                     ER
JB*C/*F$)".8"$)*+$5*1#C$-6/$,"#$8".9@$!"#$-*+,#+,$%&'('$9/68#++6/$)*+$8268I#C$
*,$ ('$GKL$ *5C$ .,$ )*+$ 6523$ B+#C$ .5$ ,"#$ JB*C/*$ &('MN@$ !"#$ 16/#$ #09#5+.D#$


                                A  V
16C#2+$.5$,"#$>+"6/,72.D#C?$G*8.5,6+"$O#5,/.+$2.5#$*2+6$B+#C$,"#$%&'('F$)".2#$,"#$
8"#*9#/$JB*C/*F$O#5,/.+$*5C$G*8.5,6+"$<#/-6/1*$B+#C$,"#$%&PO'('@$!"#$%&'('$

                           JH
)*+$ *2+6$ B+#C$ .5$ 6,"#/$9#/+65*2$ 8619B,#/+F$ +B8"$ *+$ ,"#$M1.;*$ ('''$*5C$M1.;*$
('''!F$ *+$ )#22$ *+$ *$ 5B14#/$ 6-$ Q6/I+,*,.65+$ *5C$ 2*,#/$ D#/+.65+$ 6-$


                AN
,"#$R#S!$8619B,#/+@$
$

.19/#++.D#$ O
              J
!"#$R#S!$+,*,.65$B+#+$*$96)#/-B2$G6,6/62*$%&'('$O<=$,"*,$9/6D.C#+$
            +3+,#1$ 9#/-6/1*58#@$ !"#$ R#0,$ +,*,.65$ .+$ 8*9*42#$ 6-$
         O
9/68#++.5;$*,$TU$GA<V$>G.8/69/68#++6/$).,"6B,$A5,#/268I#C$<.9#2.5#$
      P
V,*;#+?$*5C$W$G:PX<V@$
$
!

G6,6/62*$%&'('$ O614.5#C$ 8#5,/*2$ 9/68#++.5;$        M$".;"23$.5,#;/*,#C$
$               >O<=?F$ -26*,.5;796.5,$ >:<=?$        1.8/69/68#++6/$9/6D.C.5;$
                *5C$      9*;#C$       1#16/3$        #08#22#5,$8619B,.5;$
                1*5*;#1#5,$ ><GG=?$ B5.,+$            9#/-6/1*58#F$".;"$C*,*$
                ).,"$ &$ I.2643,#+$ 6-$ 6578".9$      ,/*5+-#/$/*,#F$*5C$#08#9,.65*2$
                8*8"#$1#16/3@$                        /#2.*4.2.,3@$
                $                                     $
                $
I
                                             A N
                                         P AT

                                  E TU
                                 S
                             D
                          A N
                      I
                  V ER
               A
             JH
      J AN
   O
P O
  !
!"#"$"%&'()*+*',-./01-2'
!
"#$!%#&'()#*!+,-.(/#!'0#!%1..1$+,23!
!
!
    •   !"#$%$&'()*+,-,.$/#'0'1)2/$#4!!50+.#!)#'&+,+,2!167#-'8-1/#!
        -19:&'+6+.+';!$+'0!:)#<+1(*!=>???8%&9+.;!:)1-#**1)*@!'0#!AB!0&*!6##,!
        1:'+9+C#/!'1!#D#-('#!+,*')(-'+1,*!+,!%#$#)!-.1-E!-;-.#*!F+4#4@!)(,!%&*'#)G4!
        H0#!-.&+9#/!611*'!+,!:#)%1)9&,-#!+*!'0)##!'+9#*!'0&'!1%!&!=>?I?4!
        !
    •   3/#'0145) 6789! H0#! =>?J?! &,/! =>?I?! )#K(+)#! #D'#),&.! LMB! -1:)1-#**1)!
        -0+:*!'1!0&,/.#!%.1&'+,28:1+,'!9&'04!H0#!=>?N?@01$#<#)@!0&*!&,!LMB!6(+.'!   I
                                                                              A N
        +,'1! +'@! 2+<+,2! +'! '0#! :1$#)! '1! /1! *#)+1(*! ,(96#)! -)(,-0+,24! H0#! LMBO*!
        /&'&! ';:#*! &)#! -19:&'+6.#! $+'0! '0#! P"QARASSS! TUN! *'&,/&)/! %1)! 6+,&);!

                                                                        AT
        %.1&'+,28:1+,'!9&'0@!&,/!+'*!+,*')(-'+1,!*#'!+*!167#-'!-1/#8-19:&'+6.#!$+'0!

                                                                      P
        V1'1)1.&O*=>>>WR=>>>J! LMB*4! X+E#! '0#! AB@! '0#! =>?N?O*! 1,8-0+:! LMB! 0&*!
        6##,!1:'+9+C#/!'1!#D#-('#!%)#K(#,'.;!(*#/!+,*')(-'+1,*!(*+,2!%#$#)!-.1-E!

                                                              TU
        -;-.#*4!!
        !
    •
                                                         S  E
        :410');4;<'=9!M)1-#**1)!&--#**#*!'1!'0#!*;*'#9!6(*!&)#!9+,+9+C#/!6;!
        *'1)+,2!'0#!91*'!)#-#,'.;!(*#/!*#'!1%!+,*')(-'+1,*!1)!/&'&!+,!1,8-0+:@!NY8
                                                     D
        6;'#!-&-0#*4!Z1'0!-&-0#*!1:#)&'#!+,/#:#,/#,'.;!6('!-&,!6#!&--#**#/!&'!

                                                 A N
        '0#!*&9#!'+9#4!Z(*!*,11:!.12+-!+*!(*#/!'1!9&+,'&+,!-&-0#!-10#)#,-#!F+4#4@!+'!
        #,*()#*!'0&'!'0#!-&-0#O*!-1,'#,'*!9&'-0!'01*#!:&)'*!1%!9#91);!
                                             I
        -1))#*:1,/+,2!'1!'0#!-&-0#G4!H0#!6(*!*,11:#)O*!/#*+2,!+*!%+,#8'(,#/!'1!

                                      ER
        *(::1)'!9(.'+:)1-#**1)!*;*'#9*!$0#)#!1,#!1)!91)#!6(*!9&*'#)*!1)!
        =>?N?*!9+20'!*0&)#!'0#!*&9#!*#-'+1,!1%!9#91);4!
        !
                                 A  V
        >'"414#')%'%?1@)2/$#=)A?1)$/=#12;#$?/=)4/()(4#44!S&-0!9#91);!(,+'!

                            JH
    •
        -1,*+*'*!1%!&!9#91);!9&,&2#9#,'!(,+'@!&!-&-0#!-1,')1..#)@!&,/!6(*!*,11:!
        .12+-4!H0#!VVB*!(*#!&!*(6*#'!1%!'0#!=>?I?O*!VVB!+,*')(-'+1,!*#'4!Z1'0!

                    AN
        9#91);!(,+'*!%(,-'+1,!+,/#:#,/#,'.;!1%!#&-0!1'0#)!'1!+9:)1<#!:)1-#**1)!

                  J
        '0)1(20:('4!
        !
               O
         P O
        H0#!=>?N?!*0+:*!$+'0!&,!+,+'+&.!-.1-E!*:##/!1%!JUV[C!0+20#)!
        *:##/*!&)#!'1!6#!&<&+.&6.#!+,!'0#!%('()#@!V1'1)1.&!*&;*4!H0#!=>?N?!-19#*!
        +,!&!WT]8:+,!2)+/8&))&;!:&-E&2#4!5+'0!'0#!#.+9+,&'+1,!1%!-1:)1-#**1)!
        %(,-'+1,!.+,#*!F,1$!'0&'!'0#!VVB!&,/!LMB!&)#!-1,*1.+/&'#/!1,'1!'0#!
        :)1-#**1)G!&,/!'0#!&//+'+1,!1%!*,11:!-1,')1.!.+,#*@!'0#!=>?N?!+*!,1'!:+,8
        -19:&'+6.#!$+'0!'0#!=>?I?4!
        !
    •   6$/'.B2/'()A?1)7'1A?1%4/;'!
        !
        A'!+,-1):1)&'#*!&!0+20!/#2)##!1%!:&)&..#.+*9!(*+,2!&!,(96#)!1%!+,'#),&.!
        6(*#*4!P,!+,'#),&.![&)<&)/!&)-0+'#-'()#!2+<#*!'0#!:)1-#**1)!%(..!&--#**!'1!
        61'0!+,*')(-'+1,*!&,/!/&'&4!Z1'0!'0#!AB!&,/!LMB!0&<#!*#:&)&'#!:+:#.+,#*!
        &,/!-&,!1:#)&'#!-1,-())#,'.;4!L1)!#D&9:.#@!'0#!LMB!-&,!:#)%1)9!%.1&'+,28
        :1+,'!+,*')(-'+1,*!+,/#:#,/#,'.;!1%!'0#!AB4!S&-0!*')#&9!F+,*')(-'+1,*!1)!
!"#"$%&"'%(#'%)*+%!,!(-"#,!%-"-&,%"+!%./%#&"#%01+-#()+%(+!,2,+!,+#34%)0%
        ,"-&%)#&,56%7%'8"5#%91'%-)+#5)33,5%"''(:+'%25()5(#(,'%#)%91'%#5"00(-%#)%"+!%
        05)8%#&,%-"-&,'6%
        %
        ;&,5,%*,5,%',<,5"3%=,4%"5,"'%*&,5,%.)#)5)3"%*"'%"93,%#)%9))'#%
        2,50)58"+-,6%;&,%0(5'#%*"'%(+%5,!1-(+:%#&,%-3)-=%-4-3,'%+,,!,!%#)%,>,-1#,%
        -,5#"(+%(+'#51-#()+'6%;&,%+,>#%*"'%#)%,+'15,%#&"#%#&,%25)-,'')5%01++,3'%
        (+'#51-#()+'%"+!%!"#"%(+#)%(#',30%?1(-=34%"+!%-)+'#"+#34@%3,'#%(#%'#"33%*&(3,%
        *"(#(+:%)+%(+0)58"#()+6%;&,%25)-,'')5%#&,+%:,#'%(#'%5,'13#'%9"-=%(+#)%#&,%%
        '4'#,8%*(#&)1#%(+#,50,5(+:%*(#&%(+-)8(+:%(+0)58"#()+6%A(+"334@%"'%(0%#&('%
        *"'+B#%,+)1:&@%#&,%25)-,'')5%'#"4'%)00%#&,%'4'#,8%91'%#)%"%:5,"#,5%,>#,+#%
        #&"+%('%#&,%-"',%*(#&%)#&,5%25)-,'')5%!,'(:+'6%;&('%3,#'%C.7%#5"+'0,5'%"+!%
        )#&,5%91'%8"'#,5'%&"<,%1',%)0%(#6%                                      I
        %
        !""#$%&'()*+",'*-,$%                                              A N
                                                                     AT
    •
        %

                                                                   P
        D+%#&,%"5,"%)0%#&5)1:&21#@%,"-&%'#5,"8%('%8"+":,!%94%"%',2"5"#,%8,8)54%
        1+(#%#&"#%1','%"+%../%0)5%3):(-"3E#)E2&4'(-"3%"!!5,''%#5"+'3"#()+'%!15(+:%

                                                           TU
        91'%"--,'','6%;&,',%../'%'122)5#%!,8"+!E2":,!%<(5#1"3%8,8)546%F)#&%
        ../'%&"<,%"%0)15E*"4%',#E"'')-("#(<,%"!!5,''%#5"+'3"#()+%-"-&,%G7;H$%

                                                       S E
        *(#&%I%,+#5(,'%G<,5'1'%JJ%,+#5(,'%0)5%#&,%KLMNM$6%;&,%7;H'%5,!1-,%
        25)-,'')5%)<,5&,"!%94%'#)5(+:%#&,%8)'#%5,-,+#%"!!5,''%#5"+'3"#()+'6%
                                                   D
        O&,+%"+%"!!5,''%#5"+'3"#()+%('%5,?1(5,!@%#&,%7;H%('%',"5-&,!@%"+!%(0%(#%

                                               A N
        -)+#"(+'%#&,%"!!5,''@%(#%('%1',!%(88,!("#,346%P#&,5*(',@%"%-)89(+"#()+%)0%
        &(:&E'2,,!%&"5!*"5,%3):(-%"+!%8(-5)-)!,%',"5-&,'%
                                           I
        #&,%#5"+'3"#()+%#"93,'%3)-"#,!%(+%8"(+%8,8)546%

                                    ER
        %
        ;&,%#*)%)+E-&(2%IQ%-"-&,'%(825)<,%25)-,'')5%#&5)1:&21#%(+%J%*"4'R%

                               A  V
        ;&,4%=,,2%#&,%2(2,3(+,'%0(33,!%"+!%8(+(8(S,%'4'#,8%91'%"--,'','6%;)%',,%
        &)*%#&('%('%!)+,@%4)1%81'#%,>"8(+,%#&,%'#51-#15,%

                           JH
        )0%#&,%-"-&,6%T"-&%('%"%0)15E*"4%',#E"'')-("#(<,%-"-&,%-)82)',!%
        )0%KI%',#'%)0%0)15%3(+,'6%7%3(+,%-)+'('#'%)0%I%3)+:%*)5!'@%)5%UK%94#,'6%H"-&,%

                    AN
        3(+,'%"5,%5,"!%)5%*5(##,+%5"2(!34%1'(+:%915'#E8)!,%"--,''%G"%#42,%)0%91'%

                  J
        #5"+'0,5%#&"#%8)<,'%UK%94#,'%(+%"%8(+(818%)0%-3)-=%-4-3,'$6%A)5%5,"!%

               O
        )2,5"#()+'@%#&('%0(33'%#&,%-"-&,%,00(-(,+#34%"+!@%"#%#&,%'"8,%#(8,@%3)"!'%
        "!V"-,+#%(+'#51-#()+'%)5%!"#"%(+#)%#&,%-"-&,%#&"#%-)13!%9,%1',!%(+%#&,%+,"5%

         P O
        01#15,6%
        %
        %
;&,%.)#)5)3"%NJ%9(#%8(-5)25)-,'')5@%#&,%KLMIM@%#)%9,%"%5,"3%*(++,5%
(+% #,58'% )0% (#'% 0,"#15,'6% D#B'% &(:&% '2,,!% #,-&+)3):4@% #&,% ,>#5"%
#5"+'('#)5'%"+!%)#&,5%,?1"334%"##5"-#(<,%0,"#15,'@%(#%('%5,"334%:)(+:%#)%
9,%:5,"#%*(#&%(#B'%)2#(8(S,!%KLMNM%(+#,:,5%1+(#@%#&,%(+#,:,5%AW/@%3"5:,%
-"-&,'@%#&,%0(+,%#1+,!%2,50)58"+-,%"+!%')%8"+4%)#&,5%?1"3(#(,'%#&,5,%
('%+)%!)19#%#&"#%#&,%.)#)5)3"%KLMIM%('%:)(+:%#)%9,%#&,%25)-,'')5%)0%
#&,%XM'6%
%
%
I
                                          TAN
                                       PA

                                E TU
                               S
                           D
                     I   AN
                 V ER
              A
            JH
     J AN
  O
PO
!"#$%&'()*+),&
     &




                                                                                     I
                                                                               A N
                                                                       P AT

                                                              E TU
                                                           S
                                                       D
                                                    A N
                                                I
                                       V ER
                                    A
     &                          JH
                         AN
!"#$%&'"()#%)%"'*#%+,+-)%),./#.0)#123454#$,6789):#:)&+'+.)/#$,9)&),9),.#&+-)9#11;:#
<"'# $,:.'86.$",# +,9# 9+.+# +66)::):=# >+60# 11;# :."'):# ')6),.7*# 8:)9# +99')::# %+&&$,-:# $,#
                       J
:)&+'+.)# 25?),.'*# +99')::# .'+,:7+.$",# 6+60):# @A!B:C=# >+60# 11;# +7:"# 0+:# .D"# .'+,:&+'),.#
                    O
.'+,:7+.$",#')-$:.)':#.0+.#9)<$,)#+#",)?."?",)#%+&&$,-#<"'#+99')::#:&+6)#:)-%),.:#'+,-$,-#$,#

              P O
:$E)#<'"%#F2#1G*.):#."#5#HG*.):#)+60=#!D"#%)%"'*#8,$.:#$,9)&),9),.7*#$,.)'<+6)#D$.0#.0)#I;#
+,9#JK;=#>+60#8,$.#6",:$:.:#"<#+,#11;/#+,#A!B/#+#%+$,#6+60)/#+,9#+#:,""&#6",.'"77)'=##
     #
     BUS CONTROLLER

     !0)#G8:#6",.'"77)'#:8&&"'.:#+#0$-0?:&))9/#,",?%87.$&7)L)9/#:*,60'","8:/#)L.)',+7#G8:#
     $,.)'<+6)=#!0)#G8:#6",.'"77)'#+7:"#&'"($9):#+#G8':.#%"9)#<"'#<+:.#9+.+#.'+,:<)'#<"'#G".0#
     ')+9:#+,9#D'$.):=#!0)#&'"6)::"'#8:):#G8':.#%"9)#."#8&9+.)#+#:$,-7)#6+60)#7$,)#@<"8'#
     7",-#D"'9:C/#%$,$%$E$,-#.0)#.$%)#$.#.+M):#."#8&9+.)#.0)#6+60)=#N8':.#D'$.)#6*67):#+')#
     +7:"#&)'<"'%)9#G*#.0)#G8:#6",.'"77)'#."#.'+,:<)'#8&#."#FO3#G$.:#."#:*:.)%#%)%"'*#$,#
     <$()#67"6M#6*67):/#%+L$%$E$,-#%)%"'*#D'$.)#&)'<"'%+,6)=#!0)#G8:#6",.'"77)'#"&)'+.):#
     6",68''),.7*#D$.0#+77#"<#.0)#".0)'#<8,6.$",+7#8,$.:#"<#.0)#9)($6)#."#%+$,.+$,#%+L$%8%#
     :*:.)%#.0'"8-0&8.=#
!"#$%$&'("!#'
'
!"#$ %&'#(#)$ *&%'+$ ,"%-"$ -.&/*-'0$ 1.(%-21$ 2&/$ 2)%'"3#'%-$ .4#)2'%.&0$ .&$ '"#$
56789:9;+$ -.&'2%&0$ 2$ 0%<=0'2(#$ %&'#(#)$ #<#-*'%.&$ 4%4#1%&#>$ !"#$ 4%4#1%&#$ 211.,0$
'"#$ "2&/1%&($ .?$ 0%<$ 0#42)2'#$ %&0')*-'%.&0$ 0%3*1'2&#.*01@>$ !"#$ 4%4#1%&#$ -.&'2%&0$
04#-%21$ 0"2/.,$ )#(%0'#)0$ '"2'$ -2&$ A#(%&$ 4).-#00%&($ ?*'*)#$ %&0')*-'%.&0$ ?.)$
-.&/%'%.&21$A)2&-"#0$,"%1#$'"#$32%&$4%4#1%&#$%0$4).-#00%&($-*))#&'$%&0')*-'%.&0>$
!"%0$ 3%&%3%B#0$ 12'#&-@$ %&$ '"#$ -"2&(#$ .?$ %&0')*-'%.&$ ?1.,+$ %34).C%&($ A)2&-"$
4#)?.)32&-#>$!"#$0%<$0'2(#0$.?$'"#$4%4#1%&#$2)#D$
$
E>$ F&0')*-'%.&$G#'-"HG#'-"%&($2&$
      %&0')*-'%.&$?).3$3#3.)@>$$
                                                                                  I
      $
I>$ J#-./#H6.&C#)'%&($2&$%&0')*-'%.&$
                                                                             A N
                                                                      AT
      %&'.$3%-).%&0')*-'%.&0>$$
      $
K>$ L??#-'%C#$M//)#00$NL2O$621-*12'#HF?$
      '"#$%&0')*-'%.&$-2110$?.)$/2'2$?).3$                          P
      3#3.)@+$'"#$1.-2'%.&$.?$'"#$/2'2$%0$
      -21-*12'#/>$$
                                                           E TU
      $
:>$ L??#-'%C#$M//)#00$NL2O$G#'-"HJ2'2$                  S
      %0$?#'-"#/$?).3$3#3.)@>$$                     D
      $
                                                A N
P>$ L<#-*'#H!"#$/2'2$%0$32&%4*12'#/$
                                            I
                                     ER
      /*)%&($#<#-*'%.&>$$
      $
7>$ Q)%'#=R2-SH!"#$)#0*1'$.?$'"#$

                                A  V
      -.34*'2'%.&$%0$,)%''#&$A2-S$'.$.&=

                           JH
      -"%4$-2-"#0$.)$#<'#)&21$3#3.)@>$
$


                    AN
$
!"#$ ,)%'#=A2-S$ 0'2(#$ ".1/0$ '"#$ .4#)2&/$ *&'%1$ '"#$ .44.)'*&#$ 3.3#&'$ ,"#&$ &.$
                  J
/2'2$ ?#'-"#0$ 2)#$ )#T*%)#/>$ !"#$ ,)%'#=A2-S$ -2&$ /#?#)$ ,)%'#0$ %&/#?%&%'#1@$ *&'%1$
              O
#%'"#)$ '"#$ /2'2$ 3#3.)@$ *&%'$ %0$ ?)##$ .)$ 2&.'"#)$ ,)%'#$ %0$ 4#&/%&($ ?).3$ '"#$


        P O
#<#-*'%.&$ 0'2(#>$ U.1/%&($ '"#$ /2'2$ %&$ '"#$ ,)%'#=A2-S$ 0'2(#$ 32<%3%B#0$ 0@0'#3$
4#)?.)32&-#$A@$&.'$%&'#))*4'%&($'"#$%&-.3%&($%&0')*-'%.&$.)$/2'2$0')#23>$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
!"!#$%&!'(')"!"(*&+(,*-&
&
!"#$ %&'()*)+$ ,-./01.2$ 1.3#4#.3#./$ 1.2/56,/1-.$ 0.3$ 30/0$ %%728$ 90,"$ %%7$
,-./01.2$ 0$ '*:#./5;$ 0335#22$ /50.2<0/1-.$ ,0,"#$ =>!&?$ 62#3$ /-$ @##4$ /"#$ A-2/$
5#,#./<;$62#3$/50.2<0/1-.8$!"#$B6<<$0335#221.C$50.C#$-B$/"#$%&'()*)+$12$*$DE;/#2$
=*FGH*FH'IFGH'$ E;/#2?8$ %-2/$ %&'()*)+$ 2;2/#A2$ 1A4<#A#./$ 0$ A6,"$ 2A0<<#5$
4";21,0<$ A#A-5;F$ E6/$ E;$ 621.C$ J15/60<$ A#A-5;$ /#,".1K6#2F$ /"#$ 2;2/#A$ ,0.$
044#05$ /-$ "0J#$ 0$ B6<<$ *$ DE;/#2$ -B$ 4";21,0<$ A#A-5;$ 0J01<0E<#$ /-$ #0,"$ 62#5$
45-C50A8$ 90,"$ %%7$ B6<<;$ 2644-5/2$ 3#A0.3:40C#3$ J15/60<:A#A-5;$ -4#50/1.C$
2;2/#A2$ L1/"$ #1/"#5$ *:$ -5$ (:ME;/#$ 40C#$ 21N#28$ 90,"$ %%7$ 45-/#,/2$ 264#5J12-5$
05#02$ B5-A$ 0,,#22#2$ E;$ 62#5$ 45-C50A2$ 0.3$ 0<2-$ 45-J13#2$ L51/#$ 45-/#,/1-.$ -.$ 0$
40C#:E;:40C#$E02128$O-5$A0P1A6A$#BB1,1#.,;F$#0,"$%%7$-4#50/#2$1.$4050<<#<$L1/"$
-/"#5$ 45-,#22-5$ 0,/1J1/1#28$ !"#$ %%72$ ,0.$ E#$ 3120E<#3$ B-5$ #A6<0/-5$ 0.3$  I
3#E6CC1.C$2644-5/8$
                                                                             A N
                                                                      AT
$
*./&!01232&4/4567&4898:/4/9;&<9=>?@/A&;./&B5>>5C<9:&B/8;?6/AD&
$
Q$R.3#4#.3#./$R.2/56,/1-.$0.3$S0/0$%#A-5;$%0.0C#A#./$7.1/2$=%%72?$  P
                                                             TU
Q$TG:U1/$V-C1,0<$>335#22$!50.2<0/1-.$/-$TG:U1/$W";21,0<$>335#22$
Q$72#5:S#B1.#3$G:U1/$W";21,0<$>335#22$9P/#.21-.$

                                                        S  E
Q$>335#22#2$!50.2<0/#3$1.$W050<<#<$L1/"$R.3#P1.C$1./-$S0/0$-5$R.2/56,/1-.$&0,"#$
Q$'*:9./5;$O-65:X0;$Y#/:>22-,10/1J#$>335#22$!50.2<0/1-.$&0,"#$=>!&?$B-5$90,"$
%%7$                                                D
Q$Y#<#,/0E<#$*M$-5$(M$W0C#$Y1N#$                A N
Q$D<-E0<$U1/$><<-L1.C$O<62"#2$-B$><<$Z-.C<-E0<$9./51#2$B5-A$>!&2$

                                            I
Q$Y#4050/#$Y64#5J12-5$0.3$72#5$!50.2<0/1-.$/0E<#2$

                                     ER
Q$!L-$R.3#4#.3#./$U<-,@2$B-5$90,"$%%7$&0.$U#$S#B1.#3$02$!50.2405#./$


                                A
Q$Y64#5J12-5$0.3$X51/#$W5-/#,/1-.2$V
Q$!"5##:V#J#<$!50.2<0/1-.$!0E<#2$L1/"$[4/1-.0<$R.315#,/1-.$



                           JH
Q$12/-5;$U1/2$>6/-A0/1,0<<;$%01./01.#3$1.$S#2,514/-52$
Q$9P/#5.0<$!50.2<0/1-.$S120E<#$R.46/$Y1C.0<$=%SRY?$B-5$9A6<0/-5$Y644-5/$
Q$&0,"1.C$%-3#$Y#<#,/#3$-.$W0C#$U0212$


                  J AN
              O
        P O
!"#$%&'()*#&'%+,'&%++
!"#$%&"'())*+, -./.&()012&1%#., 3"'&%1&%'.##%&#, 4(5., 4(6, $%, 6.1./6, %/, (660%/,
'%1&%'.##%&#,(/6,(''.).&($%&#,#2'4,(#,$4.,789:::;<789:::=,>%&,>(#$,>)%($"/-0
1%"/$, '(1(?")"$".#@, A4., 789:BCB, >.($2&.#, (, ?2")$0"/, >)%($"/-01%"/$, 2/"$, DEFGH@,
8%/#%)"6($"/-, $4"#, "31%&$(/$, >2/'$"%/, %/, '4"1, #1..6#, 21, $4., %5.&()), 1&%'.##"/-,
(/6,.)"3"/($.#,#%3.,"/$.&>('"/-,%5.&4.(6,&.I2"&.6,>%&,.J$.&/(),(''.).&($%&#@,A4.,
789:BCB,EFG,%1.&($.#,"/,1(&()).),K"$4,$4.,"/$.-.&,2/"$,DLGH@,A4.,EFG,6%.#,$4.,
/23.&"', '()'2)($"%/, K4")., $4., LG, 3%5.#, %/, $%, %$4.&, $(#M#@, N"M., $4., LG+, $4., EFG,
4(#, "$#, %K/, $4&..0#$(-., 1"1.)"/., %5.&)(11"/-, %1.&($"%/#, #2'4, (#, "/$.-.&, $%,
>)%($"/-01%"/$,'%/5.&#"%/+,"/#$&2'$"%/,.J.'2$"%/+,(/6,K&"$.0?('M@,O4./,2#.6,K"$4,
$4., 79:BCBEFPF+, $4., 789:BCB, EFG, "#, >2))*, '%31)"(/$, K"$4, LQQQ, >)%($"/-01%"/$,
                                                                                      I
#$(/6(&6#@,
                                                                                A N
!"#$%&'()*#&'%+,'&%+*&*-"&'-+
                                                                       P AT
+
                                                               TU
Integer data from memory (memory to register) requires a pass through the
                                                             E
                                                          S
FPU pipeline, converting the data to the extended-precision format for the
FPU to use. The result of this conversion is presented to the conversion stage
                                                      D
of the FPU pipeline where the desired operation begins, starting a second

                                                  A N
pass through the pipeline. The IU is then released to execute other
instructions once the data has been transferred to the FPU.
                                              I
Floating-point data to memory (register to memory) requires a complete pass

                                      ER
through the FPU pipeline, converting the data from the extended-precision


                                 A  V
format to an integer data format. Register-to-memory instructions are normally
handled entirely by the conversion stage of the pipeline where the data move


                            JH
to memory operation completes. The IU is not released until it has received
the converted data (during the last conversion unit cycle).


                     AN
Like the IU, the FPU has been optimized for the most frequently used
instructions and data types to provide the highest possible performance. To
                   J
boost performance further, the FMOVE instruction concurrently executes with
               O
arithmetic calculations and executes completely transparent to the user.


         P O
Instructions can execute nonsequentially as long as there are no register
dependencies.

9.2 FLOATING-POINT USER PROGRAMMING MODEL

R,    Q"-4$,:B0S"$,E)%($"/-0F%"/$,T($(,U.-"#$.&#,DEFVWEFBH,
R,    ;90S"$,E)%($"/-0F%"/$,8%/$&%),U.-"#$.&,DEF8UH,
R,    X=0S"$,E)%($"/-0F%"/$,P$($2#,U.-"#$.&,DEFPUH,
R,    X=0S"$,E)%($"/-0F%"/$,L/#$&2'$"%/,Y66&.##,U.-"#$.&,DEFLYUH,
,
!"#$%&'#()*+!'
!
!
!




                                                                              I
                                                                        A N
                                                                 P AT

                                                       E TU
                                                     S
                                                 D
                                             A N
                                         I
                                 V ER
                              A
                         JH
                 J AN
              O
!       P O                                                                           !

"#$!%&'()(!*+$+!,#$!-../$++!0*+!123452(6!,7!+8$9:;<!,#$!-../$++!;7/!-!.-,-!
,/-=+;$/!-=.!,#$!.-,-!0*+!1>345>(6!,7!,/-=+;$/!,#$!.-,-?!@7=,/7A!+:B=-A+!:=.:9-,$!
,#$!0$B:==:=B!-=.!,<8$!7;!-!0*+!9<9A$!-+!C$AA!-+!,#$!-../$++!+8-9$!-=.!+:D$!7;!,#$!
,/-=+;$/?!"#$!+$A$9,$.!.$E:9$!,#$=!97=,/7A+!,#$!A$=B,#!7;!,#$!9<9A$!0<!,$/F:=-,:=B!
:,!*+:=B!,#$!97=,/7A!+:B=-A+?!
!
"#$!%&'()(!*+$+!,C7!9A79G+!,7!B$=$/-,$!,:F:=BH!-!8/79$++7/!9A79G!1I@JK6!-=.!-!
0*+!9A79G!1L@JK6?!"#$!I@JK!+:B=-A!:+!,C:9$!,#$!;/$M*$=9<!7;!,#$!L@JK!+:B=-A!-=.!
:+!:=,$/=-AA<!8#-+$NA79G$.!,7!L@JK?!
I
                                      T AN
                                    PA
                             E TU
                            S
                        D
                    I AN
                 E R
              AV
            JH
     J AN
  O
PO
!""#$%%&'()*!+!,&-&.&$%)%/00!#1)
!
"#$!%&'()(!*+,,-./*!/#$!01*23!144.$**256!7-4$*!-8!/#$!%&'(((!81729:;!"#$!
.$62*/$.!2542.$3/!144.$**256!7-4$*!*+,,-./!,-*/!253.$7$5/<!,.$!4$3.$7$5/<!
-88*$/<!154!254$=256<!>#23#!1.$!,1./23+91.9:!+*$8+9!8-.!#1549256!41/1!*/.+3/+.$*!
3-77-5!/-!*-,#2*/231/$4!1,,9231/2-5*!154!#26#?9$@$9!9156+16$*;!"#$!,.-6.17!
3-+5/$.!2542.$3/!7-4$!19*-!#1*!254$=256!154!-88*$/!31,10292/2$*;!"#2*!144.$**256!
7-4$!2*!/:,23199:!.$A+2.$4!/-!*+,,-./!,-*2/2-5?254$,$54$5/!*-8/>1.$;!B$*24$*!
/#$*$!144.$**256!7-4$*<!/#$!%&'()(!,.-@24$*!254$=!*2C256!154!*319256!8$1/+.$*;!
!
!

                                                                            I
                                                                       A N
                                                               P AT

                                                      E TU
                                                    S
                                                D
                                            A N
                                        I
                                V ER
                              A
                         JH
                J AN
             O
        P O



                                                                                !
!"#$%&$'()*+*!,,-./$&.0%)1*
!
    •   !"#$%&'('$)*+$,"#$-./+,$%&'0'$-*1.23$1#14#/$).,"$*5$6578".9$:26*,.5;7
        <6.5,$=5.,$>:<=?@$A,$,"B+$.582BC#C$*22$6-$,"#$-B58,.65*2.,3$,"*,$9/#D.6B+23$
        /#EB./#C$#0,#/5*2$8".9+F$5*1#23$,"#$:<=$*5C$G#16/3$G*5*;#1#5,$
        =5.,$>GG=?F$)".8"$)*+$*CC#C$.5$,"#$%&'H'@$
    •   !"#$%&'('$6--#/#C$,"#$+*1#$-#*,B/#+$*+$,"#$A5,#2$&'(&%F$4B,$65$*$8268I7
        -6/78268I$4*+.+$86B2C$+.;5.-.8*5,23$6B,9#/-6/1$,"#$A5,#2$8".9@$
    •   !"#$J#K!$+,*,.65$B+#+$*$96)#/-B2$G6,6/62*$%&'('$L<=$,"*,$9/6D.C#+$
        .19/#++.D#$+3+,#1$9#/-6/1*58#@$
    •   "#!$%%&'!()*+#,-./!*-0%1,'2.F$,"#$%&'('$)*+$-6B5C$1*.523$.5$
        ,"#$G*8.5,6+"$MB*C/*F$)".8"$)*+$5*1#C$-6/$,"#$8".9@$
                                                                                I
    •   !"#$GL%&'('N$.+$D#/3$96)#/$#--.8.#5,$CB#$,6$,"#$B+#$6-$*$H@H7N$96)#/$
        +B9923$+,*,.8$26;.8$C#+.;5@$
                                                                           A N
                                                                     AT
        $
!
!                                                                  P
                                                           TU
!
!
2.)$"#$%&$'()1*
!                                                      S E
    •                                              D
        O#*,$)*+$*2)*3+$*$9/642#1$,"/6B;"6B,$,"#$%&'('P+$2.-#@$
    •
                                               A N
        Q".2#$.,$C#2.D#/#C$6D#/$-6B/$,.1#+$,"#$9#/78268I$9#/-6/1*58#$6-$,"#$62C7
        )"#57/#2#*+#C$%&'R'$*5C$%&'H'F$,"#$8".9P+$86192#0.,3$*5C$96)#/$
                                           I
        /#EB./#1#5,+$8*1#$-/61$*$2*/;#$C.#$*5C$2*/;#$8*8"#+@$!".+$*--#8,#C$,"#$

        #08##C.5;$('$GOS@$
                                  V ER
        +8*2.5;$6-$,"#$9/68#++6/$*5C$.,$)*+$5#D#/$*42#$,6$/B5$).,"$*$8268I$/*,#$

    •
                                A
        A,$C6#+$56,$+B996/,$+#;1#5,*,.65@$

                           JH
                  J AN
               O
         P O
!"#"$"%&"'
                                 '
• !"#"$%&"'()(
  ())*+,,"%-./0/*"1/2-3$4,./0/,53)3$362789:;:(
                                                         I
                                                     AN
(


• *+,+-+.'(/0121(34%-(5'63'.(                      T
(                                       PA
                                     TU
• 78%(9+-5',(+9(,8%(-%$+-,("4('4($%-(,8%(,%:,;++#)((
                                         E
                                  S
    8086/8088 family by Yu-Cheng Liu – PHI
                                     D
  +9(,%-5($'$%-?((               I AN
• <6,%-6%,("4('.4+(34%&(,+(=+..%=,("69+-5',"+6(+6(>'-"+34(,+$"=4(

  (
                            V ER
  (                       A
  (                   J H
               J AN
             O
         PO

More Related Content

What's hot

Pep program 04122011-1
Pep program 04122011-1Pep program 04122011-1
Pep program 04122011-1Andrew Cannon
 
Collaborating In The Clouds
Collaborating In The CloudsCollaborating In The Clouds
Collaborating In The CloudsRachel Vacek
 
Обзор рынка Дополненной реальности
Обзор рынка Дополненной реальностиОбзор рынка Дополненной реальности
Обзор рынка Дополненной реальностиAndrei Mamontov
 
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)Compassion Action Network
 
Vi festiwal równe prawa do miłości 2012
Vi festiwal równe prawa do miłości 2012Vi festiwal równe prawa do miłości 2012
Vi festiwal równe prawa do miłości 2012aszalucha
 
Review of current and planned adaption action
Review of current and planned adaption actionReview of current and planned adaption action
Review of current and planned adaption actionThành Nguyễn
 
Visual Arts S A Summaryfinal
Visual Arts  S A SummaryfinalVisual Arts  S A Summaryfinal
Visual Arts S A SummaryfinalChakan Hislop
 
Public international-law-notesp
Public international-law-notespPublic international-law-notesp
Public international-law-notespAmita Pradhan
 
Patek Philippe
Patek PhilippePatek Philippe
Patek PhilippeMike W
 
Intergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner Stories
Intergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner StoriesIntergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner Stories
Intergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner StoriesShironica Karunanayaka
 
אומנות הלחימה גדעון אונה
אומנות הלחימה גדעון אונהאומנות הלחימה גדעון אונה
אומנות הלחימה גדעון אונהLior Medan
 
Observatoire des taxes foncières - Période 2012 / 2017
Observatoire des taxes foncières - Période 2012 / 2017Observatoire des taxes foncières - Période 2012 / 2017
Observatoire des taxes foncières - Période 2012 / 2017Monimmeuble.com
 
OGQ Performance Report 2012-13
OGQ Performance Report 2012-13OGQ Performance Report 2012-13
OGQ Performance Report 2012-13Olympic Gold Quest
 
Al Fazl International 30 January 2015
Al Fazl International 30 January 2015Al Fazl International 30 January 2015
Al Fazl International 30 January 2015muzaffertahir9
 

What's hot (20)

Pep program 04122011-1
Pep program 04122011-1Pep program 04122011-1
Pep program 04122011-1
 
Collaborating In The Clouds
Collaborating In The CloudsCollaborating In The Clouds
Collaborating In The Clouds
 
Обзор рынка Дополненной реальности
Обзор рынка Дополненной реальностиОбзор рынка Дополненной реальности
Обзор рынка Дополненной реальности
 
Poradnik cz.1
Poradnik cz.1Poradnik cz.1
Poradnik cz.1
 
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
Compassionate seattle-speakers-panelists-2010 b(2)
 
Vi festiwal równe prawa do miłości 2012
Vi festiwal równe prawa do miłości 2012Vi festiwal równe prawa do miłości 2012
Vi festiwal równe prawa do miłości 2012
 
Review of current and planned adaption action
Review of current and planned adaption actionReview of current and planned adaption action
Review of current and planned adaption action
 
Visual Arts S A Summaryfinal
Visual Arts  S A SummaryfinalVisual Arts  S A Summaryfinal
Visual Arts S A Summaryfinal
 
Vietnamese concerns on the environment issues
Vietnamese concerns on the environment issuesVietnamese concerns on the environment issues
Vietnamese concerns on the environment issues
 
Public international-law-notesp
Public international-law-notespPublic international-law-notesp
Public international-law-notesp
 
Patek Philippe
Patek PhilippePatek Philippe
Patek Philippe
 
Intergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner Stories
Intergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner StoriesIntergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner Stories
Intergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner Stories
 
YouTube popularity in Vietnam
YouTube popularity in VietnamYouTube popularity in Vietnam
YouTube popularity in Vietnam
 
אומנות הלחימה גדעון אונה
אומנות הלחימה גדעון אונהאומנות הלחימה גדעון אונה
אומנות הלחימה גדעון אונה
 
MPI_PQ_2015_ISSUE5
MPI_PQ_2015_ISSUE5MPI_PQ_2015_ISSUE5
MPI_PQ_2015_ISSUE5
 
Coaching protocols
Coaching  protocolsCoaching  protocols
Coaching protocols
 
Observatoire des taxes foncières - Période 2012 / 2017
Observatoire des taxes foncières - Période 2012 / 2017Observatoire des taxes foncières - Période 2012 / 2017
Observatoire des taxes foncières - Période 2012 / 2017
 
OGQ Performance Report 2012-13
OGQ Performance Report 2012-13OGQ Performance Report 2012-13
OGQ Performance Report 2012-13
 
Waimea Brand Catalogue2010
Waimea Brand Catalogue2010Waimea Brand Catalogue2010
Waimea Brand Catalogue2010
 
Al Fazl International 30 January 2015
Al Fazl International 30 January 2015Al Fazl International 30 January 2015
Al Fazl International 30 January 2015
 

Viewers also liked

Lottie moon sunday, december 19
Lottie moon   sunday, december 19Lottie moon   sunday, december 19
Lottie moon sunday, december 19michaelwstovall
 
Les Compétences dont les entrepreneurs auront besoin en 2020
Les Compétences dont les entrepreneurs auront besoin en 2020Les Compétences dont les entrepreneurs auront besoin en 2020
Les Compétences dont les entrepreneurs auront besoin en 2020Cacomptepourmoi
 
Electronic commerce-iitk
Electronic commerce-iitkElectronic commerce-iitk
Electronic commerce-iitkVivek Pandey
 
Kmem 3116 al1 report (keb090001)
Kmem 3116 al1 report (keb090001)Kmem 3116 al1 report (keb090001)
Kmem 3116 al1 report (keb090001)Aliff Azmi
 
Kmem 3116 al2 report (keb090001)
Kmem 3116 al2 report (keb090001)Kmem 3116 al2 report (keb090001)
Kmem 3116 al2 report (keb090001)Aliff Azmi
 
Ça Compte Pour Moi ouvre ses portes pour la Startup Assembly
Ça Compte Pour Moi ouvre ses portes pour la Startup AssemblyÇa Compte Pour Moi ouvre ses portes pour la Startup Assembly
Ça Compte Pour Moi ouvre ses portes pour la Startup AssemblyCacomptepourmoi
 
Ecommerce a startup perspective
Ecommerce   a startup perspectiveEcommerce   a startup perspective
Ecommerce a startup perspectiveVivek Pandey
 
Internet ethics and rules
Internet ethics and rulesInternet ethics and rules
Internet ethics and rulesMazni Salleh
 
Practical Protocol-Oriented-Programming
Practical Protocol-Oriented-ProgrammingPractical Protocol-Oriented-Programming
Practical Protocol-Oriented-ProgrammingNatasha Murashev
 

Viewers also liked (17)

Peryön 2013 ücret artışı raporu
Peryön 2013 ücret artışı raporuPeryön 2013 ücret artışı raporu
Peryön 2013 ücret artışı raporu
 
Lottie moon sunday, december 19
Lottie moon   sunday, december 19Lottie moon   sunday, december 19
Lottie moon sunday, december 19
 
Resume
ResumeResume
Resume
 
Aralik dergi
Aralik dergiAralik dergi
Aralik dergi
 
Les Compétences dont les entrepreneurs auront besoin en 2020
Les Compétences dont les entrepreneurs auront besoin en 2020Les Compétences dont les entrepreneurs auront besoin en 2020
Les Compétences dont les entrepreneurs auront besoin en 2020
 
Electronic commerce-iitk
Electronic commerce-iitkElectronic commerce-iitk
Electronic commerce-iitk
 
Performansım e-dergi Ocak Sayısı
Performansım e-dergi Ocak SayısıPerformansım e-dergi Ocak Sayısı
Performansım e-dergi Ocak Sayısı
 
Rakamlarla turkiye _temmuz 2013
Rakamlarla turkiye _temmuz 2013Rakamlarla turkiye _temmuz 2013
Rakamlarla turkiye _temmuz 2013
 
Kmem 3116 al1 report (keb090001)
Kmem 3116 al1 report (keb090001)Kmem 3116 al1 report (keb090001)
Kmem 3116 al1 report (keb090001)
 
Kmem 3116 al2 report (keb090001)
Kmem 3116 al2 report (keb090001)Kmem 3116 al2 report (keb090001)
Kmem 3116 al2 report (keb090001)
 
Performansım E-dergi Mart-nisan 2014
Performansım E-dergi Mart-nisan 2014Performansım E-dergi Mart-nisan 2014
Performansım E-dergi Mart-nisan 2014
 
Ça Compte Pour Moi ouvre ses portes pour la Startup Assembly
Ça Compte Pour Moi ouvre ses portes pour la Startup AssemblyÇa Compte Pour Moi ouvre ses portes pour la Startup Assembly
Ça Compte Pour Moi ouvre ses portes pour la Startup Assembly
 
Ecommerce a startup perspective
Ecommerce   a startup perspectiveEcommerce   a startup perspective
Ecommerce a startup perspective
 
Forbes Nisan, hangi meslekler yükseliyor!
Forbes Nisan, hangi meslekler yükseliyor!Forbes Nisan, hangi meslekler yükseliyor!
Forbes Nisan, hangi meslekler yükseliyor!
 
Bab 1
Bab 1Bab 1
Bab 1
 
Internet ethics and rules
Internet ethics and rulesInternet ethics and rules
Internet ethics and rules
 
Practical Protocol-Oriented-Programming
Practical Protocol-Oriented-ProgrammingPractical Protocol-Oriented-Programming
Practical Protocol-Oriented-Programming
 

Similar to MAP TERM PAPER - MOTOROLA 68040

Self Optimizing transactional data grids for elastic cloud environments
Self Optimizing transactional data grids for elastic cloud environmentsSelf Optimizing transactional data grids for elastic cloud environments
Self Optimizing transactional data grids for elastic cloud environmentsEuroCloud
 
What Is Social Media
What Is Social MediaWhat Is Social Media
What Is Social MediaHAL
 
Winter Cx Press Release
Winter Cx Press ReleaseWinter Cx Press Release
Winter Cx Press ReleaseGreg Keller
 
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfSpring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfLyn Goering
 
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfSpring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfLyn Goering
 
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfSpring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfLyn Goering
 
wong.peeranat.portfolio
wong.peeranat.portfoliowong.peeranat.portfolio
wong.peeranat.portfolioPEAT Wong
 
Nearby Startup Pitch for SUU 2013 conference
Nearby Startup Pitch for SUU 2013 conferenceNearby Startup Pitch for SUU 2013 conference
Nearby Startup Pitch for SUU 2013 conferenceAdam Nemeth
 
Activities Gm Pri
Activities Gm PriActivities Gm Pri
Activities Gm Priminal81
 
Activities Gm Pri
Activities Gm PriActivities Gm Pri
Activities Gm Priminal81
 
EDUTEC-e: "Innovando en la Educación para la empleabilidad y el desarrollo de...
EDUTEC-e: "Innovando en la Educación para la empleabilidad y el desarrollo de...EDUTEC-e: "Innovando en la Educación para la empleabilidad y el desarrollo de...
EDUTEC-e: "Innovando en la Educación para la empleabilidad y el desarrollo de...Alba Santa
 
Darren stanley
Darren stanleyDarren stanley
Darren stanleybicacafe
 
Essentials of ramadan
Essentials of ramadanEssentials of ramadan
Essentials of ramadanHelmon Chan
 
En essentials of_ramadan
En  essentials of_ramadanEn  essentials of_ramadan
En essentials of_ramadanHelmon Chan
 
Interview with Ryan Kalil and Dwayne Jarrett
Interview with Ryan Kalil and Dwayne Jarrett Interview with Ryan Kalil and Dwayne Jarrett
Interview with Ryan Kalil and Dwayne Jarrett Natalie Hills
 

Similar to MAP TERM PAPER - MOTOROLA 68040 (20)

Self Optimizing transactional data grids for elastic cloud environments
Self Optimizing transactional data grids for elastic cloud environmentsSelf Optimizing transactional data grids for elastic cloud environments
Self Optimizing transactional data grids for elastic cloud environments
 
คู่มือการ..
คู่มือการ..คู่มือการ..
คู่มือการ..
 
What Is Social Media
What Is Social MediaWhat Is Social Media
What Is Social Media
 
Winter Cx Press Release
Winter Cx Press ReleaseWinter Cx Press Release
Winter Cx Press Release
 
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfSpring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
 
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfSpring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
 
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdfSpring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
Spring 2010 closed memo assignment jellyvision v. aflac complaint pdf
 
wong.peeranat.portfolio
wong.peeranat.portfoliowong.peeranat.portfolio
wong.peeranat.portfolio
 
Nearby Startup Pitch for SUU 2013 conference
Nearby Startup Pitch for SUU 2013 conferenceNearby Startup Pitch for SUU 2013 conference
Nearby Startup Pitch for SUU 2013 conference
 
Activities Gm Pri
Activities Gm PriActivities Gm Pri
Activities Gm Pri
 
Activities Gm Pri
Activities Gm PriActivities Gm Pri
Activities Gm Pri
 
EDUTEC-e: "Innovando en la Educación para la empleabilidad y el desarrollo de...
EDUTEC-e: "Innovando en la Educación para la empleabilidad y el desarrollo de...EDUTEC-e: "Innovando en la Educación para la empleabilidad y el desarrollo de...
EDUTEC-e: "Innovando en la Educación para la empleabilidad y el desarrollo de...
 
Darren stanley
Darren stanleyDarren stanley
Darren stanley
 
INFORMES DE CARGUE SUSTACIADOR
INFORMES DE CARGUE SUSTACIADORINFORMES DE CARGUE SUSTACIADOR
INFORMES DE CARGUE SUSTACIADOR
 
Treball espai familiar
Treball espai familiarTreball espai familiar
Treball espai familiar
 
Essentials of Ramadan
Essentials of RamadanEssentials of Ramadan
Essentials of Ramadan
 
Essentials of ramadan
Essentials of ramadanEssentials of ramadan
Essentials of ramadan
 
En essentials of_ramadan
En  essentials of_ramadanEn  essentials of_ramadan
En essentials of_ramadan
 
Nutrición básica
Nutrición básicaNutrición básica
Nutrición básica
 
Interview with Ryan Kalil and Dwayne Jarrett
Interview with Ryan Kalil and Dwayne Jarrett Interview with Ryan Kalil and Dwayne Jarrett
Interview with Ryan Kalil and Dwayne Jarrett
 

Recently uploaded

Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfciinovamais
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentationcamerronhm
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfagholdier
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptRamjanShidvankar
 
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
psychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docxpsychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docx
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docxPoojaSen20
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxVishalSingh1417
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsTechSoup
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxRamakrishna Reddy Bijjam
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptxMaritesTamaniVerdade
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17Celine George
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionMaksud Ahmed
 
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
PROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docxPROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docx
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docxPoojaSen20
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesCeline George
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsMebane Rash
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfAdmir Softic
 
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxSKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxAmanpreet Kaur
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfPoh-Sun Goh
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxDenish Jangid
 
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptxSeal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptxnegromaestrong
 
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...pradhanghanshyam7136
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
psychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docxpsychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docx
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
 
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
PROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docxPROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docx
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxSKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptxSeal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
 
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
 

MAP TERM PAPER - MOTOROLA 68040

  • 1. Term Paper On I T AN PA Microprocessor: Motorola 68040 TU S E D I AN E R Submitted to A V Information H technology department J AN Nirma University (NIT), Ahmedabad J O PO April, 2012
  • 2. !"#$%"#&'()' I T AN 10BIT063 Poojan Jhaveri 10BIT041 PA Setu Patani U S ET ! D I AN "#$%&!'(%!)*+$,#-%!./! V ER 012!!"#$%&$'()! A J H!"#$%#&'()*#+),! 3 JAN ! O ! PO ! ! ! %
  • 3. *+,-.%!/+01,2+34! 5/23+3631%78%'19:/7;7<4% % *#"+,-,.%+#' I ! T AN PA 4(+1!+1!'.!-%&'+/5!'(,'!'(%!'%&6!7,7%&!%#'+'8%$! % =+9,7>,791227,%?%=737,7;.%@ABCB %69.$+%1!'(%!.&+:+#,8! E TU ;.&<!$.#%!95!=%'*!>,',#+!,#$!>..?,#!@(,A%&+!*#$%&!65! 1*7%&A+1+.#2! S D ! I AN V ER! A ! JH AN ! J >8,-%B!C(6%$,9,$! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! O P O D,'%B!C7&+8!EF!GHIG! ! ! ! ! ! ! =+:#,'*&%! ! ! !
  • 4. !"#$%&'(&)'*+%*+,&& ! ! !"#$%&'(#)%"* ! +(,"%-./&0/1/"#** 2%#%$%.3*45676*2)($%*8$%(/99%$* I AN ! ! :/3#'$/9*%;*2%#%$%.3*45676* T ! 8)"*<)30$31* PA ! =.%(,*&)30$31*3"&*>'9*(%"#$%../$* E TU ! !"#/0/$*?")#* S D ! 2/1%$@*23"30/1/"#*?")#9* I AN ! :.%3#)"0*8%)"#*?")#* R ! A)0"3.*0$%'B9* A VE ! JH 8$%0$311)"0*2%&/.* ! J AN +&&$/99)"0*C3B3>).)#)/9* ! O +&D3"#30/9*3"&*<)93&D3"#30/9* ! PO C%"(.'9)%"** ! E/;/$/"(/9* * * * * * * * *
  • 5. !"#$%&'(#)%"* ! "#$%! "&'(! )*)&'! $%! *! )*'+! ,-! +#&! .//,0*+$0&! 1%%$2/(&/+3! *%%$2/&4!+,!+#&!5+#!!6&(&%+&'!%+74&/+%!,-!+#&!./-,'(*+$,/! "&8#/,9,2:;! .+! $%! *%%$2/&4! <:! +#&! ./-,'(*+$,/! I "&8#/,9,2:! 4&)*'+(&/+3! =$'(*! >/$0&'%$+:! T AN ?=."@3! PA 1#(&4*<*4! 7/4&'! +#&! %7<A&8+! ,-! B$8',)',8&%%,'! 1'8#$+&8+7'&!*/4!C',2'*(($/2;! TU S E ! D "#$%! +&'(! )*)&'! '&-&'%! I+,! AN +#&! *'8#$+&8+7'&! */4! ER -7/8+$,/*9$+:! ,-! B,+,',9*! DEF5F! B$8',)',8&%%,';! "#&!B,+,',9*! DEF5F!$%!V A *!($8',)',8&%%,'!-',(!B,+,',9*3! '&9&*%&4! $/! GHHF;! .+!H +#&! %788&%%,'! +,! +#&!DEFIF!*/4! $%! J $%! AN -,99,J&4!<:!+#&!DEFDF;!"#&'&!J*%!/,!DEFKF;! J ! O PO ! !
  •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
  • 7. Motorola 68040 microprocessor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
  • 8. !"#$ %&'('$ )*+$ ,"#$ -./+,$%&'0'$ -*1.23$1#14#/$ ).,"$ *5$ 6578".9$:26*,.5;7<6.5,$ =5.,$>:<=?@$ A,$ ,"B+$ .582BC#C$ *22$ 6-$ ,"#$ -B58,.65*2.,3$ ,"*,$ 9/#D.6B+23$ /#EB./#C$ #0,#/5*2$ 8".9+F$ 5*1#23$ ,"#$ :<=$ *5C$G#16/3$ G*5*;#1#5,$ =5.,$>GG=?F$ )".8"$ )*+$ *CC#C$ .5$ ,"#$ %&'H'@$ A,$ *2+6$ "*C$ +92.,$ .5+,/B8,.65$ *5C$ C*,*$ 8*8"#+$ 6-$ ($I.2643,#+$#*8"@$A,$)*+$-B223$9.9#2.5#CF$).,"$+.0$+,*;#+@$ $ ! ! ! I A N P AT E TU S ! ! D ! A N I "#!$%%&'! ()*+#,-./!*-0%1,'2.F$,"#$%&'('$)*+$-6B5C$1*.523$.5$,"#$G*8.5,6+"$ ER JB*C/*F$)".8"$)*+$5*1#C$-6/$,"#$8".9@$!"#$-*+,#+,$%&'('$9/68#++6/$)*+$8268I#C$ *,$ ('$GKL$ *5C$ .,$ )*+$ 6523$ B+#C$ .5$ ,"#$ JB*C/*$ &('MN@$ !"#$ 16/#$ #09#5+.D#$ A V 16C#2+$.5$,"#$>+"6/,72.D#C?$G*8.5,6+"$O#5,/.+$2.5#$*2+6$B+#C$,"#$%&'('F$)".2#$,"#$ 8"#*9#/$JB*C/*F$O#5,/.+$*5C$G*8.5,6+"$<#/-6/1*$B+#C$,"#$%&PO'('@$!"#$%&'('$ JH )*+$ *2+6$ B+#C$ .5$ 6,"#/$9#/+65*2$ 8619B,#/+F$ +B8"$ *+$ ,"#$M1.;*$ ('''$*5C$M1.;*$ ('''!F$ *+$ )#22$ *+$ *$ 5B14#/$ 6-$ Q6/I+,*,.65+$ *5C$ 2*,#/$ D#/+.65+$ 6-$ AN ,"#$R#S!$8619B,#/+@$ $ .19/#++.D#$ O J !"#$R#S!$+,*,.65$B+#+$*$96)#/-B2$G6,6/62*$%&'('$O<=$,"*,$9/6D.C#+$ +3+,#1$ 9#/-6/1*58#@$ !"#$ R#0,$ +,*,.65$ .+$ 8*9*42#$ 6-$ O 9/68#++.5;$*,$TU$GA<V$>G.8/69/68#++6/$).,"6B,$A5,#/268I#C$<.9#2.5#$ P V,*;#+?$*5C$W$G:PX<V@$ $ ! G6,6/62*$%&'('$ O614.5#C$ 8#5,/*2$ 9/68#++.5;$ M$".;"23$.5,#;/*,#C$ $ >O<=?F$ -26*,.5;796.5,$ >:<=?$ 1.8/69/68#++6/$9/6D.C.5;$ *5C$ 9*;#C$ 1#16/3$ #08#22#5,$8619B,.5;$ 1*5*;#1#5,$ ><GG=?$ B5.,+$ 9#/-6/1*58#F$".;"$C*,*$ ).,"$ &$ I.2643,#+$ 6-$ 6578".9$ ,/*5+-#/$/*,#F$*5C$#08#9,.65*2$ 8*8"#$1#16/3@$ /#2.*4.2.,3@$ $ $ $
  • 9. I A N P AT E TU S D A N I V ER A JH J AN O P O !
  • 10. !"#"$"%&'()*+*',-./01-2' ! "#$!%#&'()#*!+,-.(/#!'0#!%1..1$+,23! ! ! • !"#$%$&'()*+,-,.$/#'0'1)2/$#4!!50+.#!)#'&+,+,2!167#-'8-1/#! -19:&'+6+.+';!$+'0!:)#<+1(*!=>???8%&9+.;!:)1-#**1)*@!'0#!AB!0&*!6##,! 1:'+9+C#/!'1!#D#-('#!+,*')(-'+1,*!+,!%#$#)!-.1-E!-;-.#*!F+4#4@!)(,!%&*'#)G4! H0#!-.&+9#/!611*'!+,!:#)%1)9&,-#!+*!'0)##!'+9#*!'0&'!1%!&!=>?I?4! ! •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•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•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• 6$/'.B2/'()A?1)7'1A?1%4/;'! ! A'!+,-1):1)&'#*!&!0+20!/#2)##!1%!:&)&..#.+*9!(*+,2!&!,(96#)!1%!+,'#),&.! 6(*#*4!P,!+,'#),&.![&)<&)/!&)-0+'#-'()#!2+<#*!'0#!:)1-#**1)!%(..!&--#**!'1! 61'0!+,*')(-'+1,*!&,/!/&'&4!Z1'0!'0#!AB!&,/!LMB!0&<#!*#:&)&'#!:+:#.+,#*! &,/!-&,!1:#)&'#!-1,-())#,'.;4!L1)!#D&9:.#@!'0#!LMB!-&,!:#)%1)9!%.1&'+,28 :1+,'!+,*')(-'+1,*!+,/#:#,/#,'.;!1%!'0#!AB4!S&-0!*')#&9!F+,*')(-'+1,*!1)!
  • 11. !"#"$%&"'%(#'%)*+%!,!(-"#,!%-"-&,%"+!%./%#&"#%01+-#()+%(+!,2,+!,+#34%)0% ,"-&%)#&,56%7%'8"5#%91'%-)+#5)33,5%"''(:+'%25()5(#(,'%#)%91'%#5"00(-%#)%"+!% 05)8%#&,%-"-&,'6% % ;&,5,%*,5,%',<,5"3%=,4%"5,"'%*&,5,%.)#)5)3"%*"'%"93,%#)%9))'#% 2,50)58"+-,6%;&,%0(5'#%*"'%(+%5,!1-(+:%#&,%-3)-=%-4-3,'%+,,!,!%#)%,>,-1#,% -,5#"(+%(+'#51-#()+'6%;&,%+,>#%*"'%#)%,+'15,%#&"#%#&,%25)-,'')5%01++,3'% (+'#51-#()+'%"+!%!"#"%(+#)%(#',30%?1(-=34%"+!%-)+'#"+#34@%3,'#%(#%'#"33%*&(3,% *"(#(+:%)+%(+0)58"#()+6%;&,%25)-,'')5%#&,+%:,#'%(#'%5,'13#'%9"-=%(+#)%#&,%% '4'#,8%*(#&)1#%(+#,50,5(+:%*(#&%(+-)8(+:%(+0)58"#()+6%A(+"334@%"'%(0%#&('% *"'+B#%,+)1:&@%#&,%25)-,'')5%'#"4'%)00%#&,%'4'#,8%91'%#)%"%:5,"#,5%,>#,+#% #&"+%('%#&,%-"',%*(#&%)#&,5%25)-,'')5%!,'(:+'6%;&('%3,#'%C.7%#5"+'0,5'%"+!% )#&,5%91'%8"'#,5'%&"<,%1',%)0%(#6% I % !""#$%&'()*+",'*-,$% A N AT •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
  • 12. I TAN PA E TU S D I AN V ER A JH J AN O PO
  • 13. !"#$%&'()*+),& & I A N P AT E TU S D A N I V ER A & JH AN !"#$%&'"()#%)%"'*#%+,+-)%),./#.0)#123454#$,6789):#:)&+'+.)/#$,9)&),9),.#&+-)9#11;:# <"'# $,:.'86.$",# +,9# 9+.+# +66)::):=# >+60# 11;# :."'):# ')6),.7*# 8:)9# +99')::# %+&&$,-:# $,# J :)&+'+.)# 25?),.'*# +99')::# .'+,:7+.$",# 6+60):# @A!B:C=# >+60# 11;# +7:"# 0+:# .D"# .'+,:&+'),.# O .'+,:7+.$",#')-$:.)':#.0+.#9)<$,)#+#",)?."?",)#%+&&$,-#<"'#+99')::#:&+6)#:)-%),.:#'+,-$,-#$,# P O :$E)#<'"%#F2#1G*.):#."#5#HG*.):#)+60=#!D"#%)%"'*#8,$.:#$,9)&),9),.7*#$,.)'<+6)#D$.0#.0)#I;# +,9#JK;=#>+60#8,$.#6",:$:.:#"<#+,#11;/#+,#A!B/#+#%+$,#6+60)/#+,9#+#:,""&#6",.'"77)'=## # BUS CONTROLLER !0)#G8:#6",.'"77)'#:8&&"'.:#+#0$-0?:&))9/#,",?%87.$&7)L)9/#:*,60'","8:/#)L.)',+7#G8:# $,.)'<+6)=#!0)#G8:#6",.'"77)'#+7:"#&'"($9):#+#G8':.#%"9)#<"'#<+:.#9+.+#.'+,:<)'#<"'#G".0# ')+9:#+,9#D'$.):=#!0)#&'"6)::"'#8:):#G8':.#%"9)#."#8&9+.)#+#:$,-7)#6+60)#7$,)#@<"8'# 7",-#D"'9:C/#%$,$%$E$,-#.0)#.$%)#$.#.+M):#."#8&9+.)#.0)#6+60)=#N8':.#D'$.)#6*67):#+')# +7:"#&)'<"'%)9#G*#.0)#G8:#6",.'"77)'#."#.'+,:<)'#8&#."#FO3#G$.:#."#:*:.)%#%)%"'*#$,# <$()#67"6M#6*67):/#%+L$%$E$,-#%)%"'*#D'$.)#&)'<"'%+,6)=#!0)#G8:#6",.'"77)'#"&)'+.):# 6",68''),.7*#D$.0#+77#"<#.0)#".0)'#<8,6.$",+7#8,$.:#"<#.0)#9)($6)#."#%+$,.+$,#%+L$%8%# :*:.)%#.0'"8-0&8.=#
  •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
  •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
  •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nteger data from memory (memory to register) requires a pass through the E S FPU pipeline, converting the data to the extended-precision format for the FPU to use. The result of this conversion is presented to the conversion stage D of the FPU pipeline where the desired operation begins, starting a second A N pass through the pipeline. The IU is then released to execute other instructions once the data has been transferred to the FPU. I Floating-point data to memory (register to memory) requires a complete pass ER through the FPU pipeline, converting the data from the extended-precision A V format to an integer data format. Register-to-memory instructions are normally handled entirely by the conversion stage of the pipeline where the data move JH to memory operation completes. The IU is not released until it has received the converted data (during the last conversion unit cycle). AN Like the IU, the FPU has been optimized for the most frequently used instructions and data types to provide the highest possible performance. To J boost performance further, the FMOVE instruction concurrently executes with O arithmetic calculations and executes completely transparent to the user. P O Instructions can execute nonsequentially as long as there are no register dependencies. 9.2 FLOATING-POINT USER PROGRAMMING MODEL R, Q"-4$,:B0S"$,E)%($"/-0F%"/$,T($(,U.-"#$.&#,DEFVWEFBH, R, ;90S"$,E)%($"/-0F%"/$,8%/$&%),U.-"#$.&,DEF8UH, R, X=0S"$,E)%($"/-0F%"/$,P$($2#,U.-"#$.&,DEFPUH, R, X=0S"$,E)%($"/-0F%"/$,L/#$&2'$"%/,Y66&.##,U.-"#$.&,DEFLYUH, ,
  • 17. !"#$%&'#()*+!' ! ! ! I A N P AT E TU S D A N I V ER A JH J AN O ! P O ! "#$!%&'()(!*+$+!,#$!-../$++!0*+!123452(6!,7!+8$9:;<!,#$!-../$++!;7/!-!.-,-! ,/-=+;$/!-=.!,#$!.-,-!0*+!1>345>(6!,7!,/-=+;$/!,#$!.-,-?!@7=,/7A!+:B=-A+!:=.:9-,$! ,#$!0$B:==:=B!-=.!,<8$!7;!-!0*+!9<9A$!-+!C$AA!-+!,#$!-../$++!+8-9$!-=.!+:D$!7;!,#$! ,/-=+;$/?!"#$!+$A$9,$.!.$E:9$!,#$=!97=,/7A+!,#$!A$=B,#!7;!,#$!9<9A$!0<!,$/F:=-,:=B! :,!*+:=B!,#$!97=,/7A!+:B=-A+?! ! "#$!%&'()(!*+$+!,C7!9A79G+!,7!B$=$/-,$!,:F:=BH!-!8/79$++7/!9A79G!1I@JK6!-=.!-! 0*+!9A79G!1L@JK6?!"#$!I@JK!+:B=-A!:+!,C:9$!,#$!;/$M*$=9<!7;!,#$!L@JK!+:B=-A!-=.! :+!:=,$/=-AA<!8#-+$NA79G$.!,7!L@JK?!
  • 18. I T AN PA E TU S D I AN E R AV JH J AN O PO
  • 20. !"#$%&$'()*+*!,,-./$&.0%)1* ! • !"#$%&'('$)*+$,"#$-./+,$%&'0'$-*1.23$1#14#/$).,"$*5$6578".9$:26*,.5;7 <6.5,$=5.,$>:<=?@$A,$,"B+$.582BC#C$*22$6-$,"#$-B58,.65*2.,3$,"*,$9/#D.6B+23$ /#EB./#C$#0,#/5*2$8".9+F$5*1#23$,"#$:<=$*5C$G#16/3$G*5*;#1#5,$ =5.,$>GG=?F$)".8"$)*+$*CC#C$.5$,"#$%&'H'@$ • !"#$%&'('$6--#/#C$,"#$+*1#$-#*,B/#+$*+$,"#$A5,#2$&'(&%F$4B,$65$*$8268I7 -6/78268I$4*+.+$86B2C$+.;5.-.8*5,23$6B,9#/-6/1$,"#$A5,#2$8".9@$ • !"#$J#K!$+,*,.65$B+#+$*$96)#/-B2$G6,6/62*$%&'('$L<=$,"*,$9/6D.C#+$ .19/#++.D#$+3+,#1$9#/-6/1*58#@$ • "#!$%%&'!()*+#,-./!*-0%1,'2.F$,"#$%&'('$)*+$-6B5C$1*.523$.5$ ,"#$G*8.5,6+"$MB*C/*F$)".8"$)*+$5*1#C$-6/$,"#$8".9@$ I • !"#$GL%&'('N$.+$D#/3$96)#/$#--.8.#5,$CB#$,6$,"#$B+#$6-$*$H@H7N$96)#/$ +B9923$+,*,.8$26;.8$C#+.;5@$ A N AT $ ! ! P TU ! ! 2.)$"#$%&$'()1* ! S E • D O#*,$)*+$*2)*3+$*$9/642#1$,"/6B;"6B,$,"#$%&'('P+$2.-#@$ • A N Q".2#$.,$C#2.D#/#C$6D#/$-6B/$,.1#+$,"#$9#/78268I$9#/-6/1*58#$6-$,"#$62C7 )"#57/#2#*+#C$%&'R'$*5C$%&'H'F$,"#$8".9P+$86192#0.,3$*5C$96)#/$ I /#EB./#1#5,+$8*1#$-/61$*$2*/;#$C.#$*5C$2*/;#$8*8"#+@$!".+$*--#8,#C$,"#$ #08##C.5;$('$GOS@$ V ER +8*2.5;$6-$,"#$9/68#++6/$*5C$.,$)*+$5#D#/$*42#$,6$/B5$).,"$*$8268I$/*,#$ • A A,$C6#+$56,$+B996/,$+#;1#5,*,.65@$ JH J AN O P O
  • 21. !"#"$"%&"' ' • !"#"$%&"'()( ())*+,,"%-./0/*"1/2-3$4,./0/,53)3$362789:;:( I AN ( • *+,+-+.'(/0121(34%-(5'63'.( T ( PA TU • 78%(9+-5',(+9(,8%(-%$+-,("4('4($%-(,8%(,%:,;++#)(( E S 8086/8088 family by Yu-Cheng Liu – PHI D +9(,%-5($'$%-?(( I AN • <6,%-6%,("4('.4+(34%&(,+(=+..%=,("69+-5',"+6(+6(>'-"+34(,+$"=4( ( V ER ( A ( J H J AN O PO