The Road to COP21 - Simon Buckle, OECD - Global Parliamentary Network
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The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was agreed more than 20 years ago, but global CO2 emissions have continued to rise. Fossil fuels still dominate the global energy supply and we are on course for a 3-5⁰C increase in global surface temperatures by the end of the century. July 2015 was the warmest month ever recorded for the globe. The OECD has been working in co-operation with its partners to identify how countries need to resolve misalignments between climate goals and policies in other domains that risk undermining climate action and making the low-carbon transition more costly. With the carbon clock ticking, the Paris COP21 conference in December must give a clear and credible directional signal that governments can and will transition from the carbon-intensive present to a low carbon resilient future.
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The Road to COP21 - Simon Buckle, OECD - Global Parliamentary Network
- 1. THE ROAD TO COP21 Dr Simon Buckle Head of Division, Climate Biodiversity and Water OECD Environment Directorate Meeting of the OECD Global Parliamentary Network Paris, 1 October 2015
- 2. 1. COP 21: context and main issues 2. The OECD role 3. What might success look like?
- 3. UN Framework Convention (1992) "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.“ based on “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” Source: Global Carbon Project
- 4. It won’t be like COP 15 COP15 : A new agreement under the UNFCCC, with specified GHG reduction targets … but too little preparatory work Yielded the Copenhagen Accord Individual pledges A “bottom up” approach Strong political will and momentum … Beyond COP21, countries will have to get onto a pathway to the even deeper reductions needed for 2⁰C
- 5. What is needed to succeed? Differentiation How to determine individual actions, in line with responsibilities and capabilities?
- 6. What is needed to succeed? Ambition How to frame “bottom- up” actions to enhance implementation and consistent with the long-term target?
- 7. What is needed to succeed? Climate finance Who pays, for what, how much, which sources, what counts? … and who receives?
- 8. What is needed to succeed? Legal form In what way will the agreement have “legal force”? force”?
- 9. 1. COP 21: Context and main issues 2. The OECD role 3. What might success look like?
- 10. Key OECD work feeding into COP21 •MCM June •SG LSE Speech July Aligning Policies •“Policies and Progress”, launch in Oct •Risks & adaptation report •CIRCLE – Costs of Inaction (Nov) Mitigation & Adaptation •March Global Forum and meeting •Sep Global Forum and meeting CCXG (Joint with IEA) •Status of climate finance (OECD-CPI project) •Research Collaborative •Green Bonds, Green Investment Banks Climate finance •Energy taxation (June) •FFS update (Sep) Fossil fuels, energy, agriculture Q1 •G20 FM&CBG (9/2) •OECD RTSD (3/2) •CCXG Global Forum Q2 • WWF7, Korea (12-17/4) • G20 ESWG & FM&CBG • OECD GIFF (20/5) • OECD MCM & Forum Q3 • Our Common Future conference (adaptation, CIRCLE) •Global Forum and CCXG meeting •G20 Finance Ministers Q4 •Lima meetings (9 Oct) •COP21 (30/11-11/12) •OECD events at COP21 •Global Landscapes Forum (8-9/12)
- 11. Increasing momentum Carbon pricing and/or regulation is essential. But carbon pricing alone is not enough For deep emissions reductions we also need RDD&D Leaving fossil fuel behind implies a transformation cutting across every corner of the economy.
- 12. IEA OECD ITF NEA 1) What are we not doing? 2) What are we doing, but should stop doing? Electricity Taxes & tariffs Agriculture Mobility Innovation Long-term investment Watch the video – 200 pages in 200 seconds.
- 13. Climate Finance Project OECD Development Assistance Committee CPI – Climate Policy Initiative • To provide a transparent aggregate estimate of climate finance in relation to developed countries’ commitment to a goal of mobilising the USD 100bn a year goal by 2020 for developing country needs • The project was initiated at the request of the current and incoming COP Presidencies in support of a successful outcome at #COP21. • Launch 9 Oct in Lima
- 14. 1. COP 21: Context and main issues 2. The OECD role 3. What might success look like?
- 15. Status of selected issues
- 16. What would success at Paris look like? Ambition: an agreement that over time aims to transform the global emissions pathway (zero net emissions or limiting to 2⁰C) Dynamism: A mechanism for assessing, updating and rolling forward mitigation contributions on a regular basis Transparency: Robust Monitoring, Reporting and Verification for confidence building and effectiveness on emissions and support Accountability Developed countries mobilise USD 100 billion a year by 2020 Support for technology and capacity building. Recipient countries improve enabling environments Credibility: Strong directional signal to non-state actors - firms, cities, financial sector. For example, early global peaking of emissions
- 17. Thank you for your attention! www.oecd.org/env @OECD_ENV OECD ENVIRONMENT playlist