4. Peninsulas & Islands Mountains &
Uplands
Rivers Fertile
Plains/Resources
Northern Peninsulas
Scandinavia
-Norway, Sweden
- thin, rocky soil
Jutland
- Denmark, Germany
Alps
- Most famous
- Germany, Italy,
Switzerland, France,
Austria
Danube
- Cuts through Europe (9
countries)
- Links Europe to Black
Sea
- Watery highway
Northern European Plain
- France, Belgium,
Holland (interior)
- Good farmland
- Flat
Southern Peninsulas
Iberian
- Spain, Portugal
Italian
- Italy
Balkan
- mountainous
- cultural differences
Pyrenees
- separate Spain from
France
Rhine
- Cuts through interior;
north of Northern Sea
- Watery highway
Coal & Iron Ore
- Lots of it
- Used for steel
production
- Economic development
Islands
- located in North
Atlantic
Uplands
- High hills or low
mountains
- Scotland, Spain, France
Oil & others
- Found beneath North
Sea
- Offshore drilling
5.
6.
7. “God created the world, but the Dutch created Holland.”
Polders
Water is drained to create new farmland
40% of Netherlands once under the sea
Used windmills to pump water out
8.
9. The Canals of Venice
Venice a series of islands connected by canals
Flooding, pollution threaten canals
12. Ancient Greece
Why do city-states arise?
Early form of democracy in
Athens
Science, philosophy, drama
still influential today
By 338 BC, conquered by
Alexander the Great
15. Crusades
Series of holy wars to recapture Holy land from Muslims
Renaissance
“rebirth”
Renewed interest in learning and the arts
Was it a thing?
Spain’s Muslim Empire
700s AD; rule for more than 700 years
Catholics Ferdinand and Isabella retook throne in 1492
16.
17.
18. Less industrial than
Northern Europe
Fishing, agriculture
Growth of industry in
late 20th century
Severe economic
problems in Greece
Little energy resources
in region
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tigaryz-1y4
(Greece John Green)
19. Political Turmoil
Rise of fascism in Spain and Italy in 1930s. Why?
Spain’s conflict with Basque people
Urbanization. Problems?
20. France
Germany
Switzerland
Liechtenstein
Austria
Netherlands
Belgium
21. Charlemagne
Germanic king; conquered most of region in 700s AD
Empire split into small kingdoms
Germanic languages dominate in this region
24. Feudalism to Nationalism
Middle Ages: strong kings gain power over feudal lords
Nationalism: people should be loyal to those with whom
they share land, culture, and history
By late 1600s-1700s, absolute monarchs give way to
representative government
German unification in 1870s
25. World War I
Central Powers v. Allies
Harsh terms on Germany
World War II
Axis Powers v. Allies
1945: Start of Cold War
A divided Germany
1989: Wall comes down & Cold War winds down
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snsdDb7KDkg wall comes down
26. Strong Economy
Rich in agricultural
and energy
resources
Heavy
industrialization
Tourism & luxury
goods
27.
28.
29. United Kingdom
Ireland
Nordic Countries
o Denmark
o Finland
o Iceland
o Norway
o Sweden
30. 795: Vikings conquer Northern Europe
1066: William the Conqueror (Normandy) captures
England
1801: United Kingdom controls large empire
Colonies in America, Africa, Asia, Oceania
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10 UK
31.
32.
33. Representative
Government
English monarchy loses
power to parliament
1215: Magna Carta
Iceland’s parliament
meeting since 930
Industrial Revolution
Iron ore and coal help
Britain industrialize first
34. Modern Conflicts
UK heavily involved in both World Wars.
Post-WW II: most of empire gains independence
Fighting between Britain and Ireland in into 21st
century
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nesd7KtZEMk (Bloody Sunday)
35. Benefits from natural
resources
Timber, fishing, North Sea
oil, manufacturing
Nordic countries have strong
social welfare programs paid
for by high taxes.
36. Albania
Bosnia &
Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech
Republic
Hungary
Kosovo
Macedonia
Montenegro
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Serbia
37.
38. Crossroads
between rest of
Europe & Asia
Diversity
History of
Conquest
Byzantine
Empire
1300-1500s:
Ottoman
Empire
1700s: Austria,
Hungary,
39. Balkanization: larger region
breaking into small, mutually
hostile units
Serbian nationalist assassinate
Archduke of Austrian Empire to
start WW I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgPYgXnu-Aw
Under German and Soviet control
before and during WW II
Cold War: Soviet satellite
nations
Independence after Soviet Union
collapses
40. More rural than rest of Europe
Conflict between ethnic groups (i.e. Serbs v. Croats)
Discrimination against Jews, Muslims, and Romany
Economy still recovering from effects of communism
Violence, instability, and failing infrastructure plague
region
41. 1929: Yugoslavia formed, made up of Serbs, Croats, and
Slovenes
1946-1980: Josip Tito dictator of Yugoslavia
Post-Tito: Milosevic wants a “Greater Serbia”
1992: Bosnian War
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_cTGvxYGI
42.
43.
44. Heavy industrialization has caused environmental
damage
European Environmental Agency
Provides EU with reliable environmental data
Why must European countries cooperate to solve
environmental problems?
45. Economic alliance
A common currency
Problems with expansion?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O37yJBFRrfg
Editor's Notes
“Peninsula of Peninsulas”
Europe’s Geographic Regions
A-- Scandinavian Peninsula
B-- Iberian Peninsula
C-- Alps
D-- Pyrenees
E-- Northern European Plain