2. What are Genetically Modified Crops?
GM plants created using GMOs
GMOs
Organisms in which DNA has
been altered in a way not
naturally occurring
“modern biotechnology”
“gene technology”
Allows selected individual genes
to be transferred from one
organism to another or between
non-related species
3. Benefits of GM Crop Use
Resistance to herbicides
Insect resistance
Decrease use of pesticides
Drought resistance
Addition of vitamins & nutrients
Golden Rice – Vitamin A
Bt cotton in India
Crop yields increased by 60%
Use in United States by 2009/2010
Soybeans 93%
Cotton 93%
Corn 86%
Sugar Beet 95%
4.
5. GM Crop Global Uses
World hunger issue
Supply more food to starving
nations Poverty issue
Conflict with current Allow for better crop yield in
regulations in Africa poor countries
Promote economic growth
Export products
Financially independent
Conflict with current
regulations
7. Allergenicity
•Transfer from commonly
allergenic foods discouraged
•Unless protein product
proven safe
•Protocols for tests by WHO
•No allergic effects found
Concerns currently in GM foods
8. Gene Transfer
•Transfer from GM foods to
human cells
•Via intestinal tract
•Antibiotic resistant genes
•Probability low
•Negative health effects?
Concerns
9. Out Crossing
•Movement of genes from GM
plants to wild species
•Mixing of seeds, indirect effect
on food safety & security
Maize product in US
•Ecological relationships
Concerns
16. Designer Fruit
Example: Peach + Nectarine “Natural cross hybrid”
Peach: passes on its taste
Combinations of different fruits to
Nectarine: easy to eat, no fuzz produce novel ones
on skin
None naturally occurring
Genetically different than either
parent
Created to enhance characteristics
from other species
Sold as specialty items
New fruit market
.50 cents to $1.00 more
Methods in field, not lab
Still genetically modified food?
Controversy avoided
18. Genetically Modified Lettuce
Professor Henry Daniell of the
University of Central Florida
Genetically engineered tobacco
plants with insulin gene
Administered to diabetic mice
Restored normal blood and urine
sugar levels
Proposed using lettuce instead
Prevent diabetes before symptoms
appear
Treat disease is later stages
19. Genetically Modified Lettuce
20.8 million children and adults
in US
7% of population
Type 1 or 2 diabetes
Double by 2025
$79.7 billion out of $645 billion
federally spent treating diabetes
NIH provided $2 million in
funding of study
Affect millions worldwide
Yellow = genetically modified crops grown South AfricaRed = GMO ban Ghana, Zambia, AlgeriaOrange caution = rejected GMO grain as food aid Nigeria, Sudan, Malawi
The movement of genes from GM plants into conventional crops or related species in the wild (referred to as “outcrossing”), as well as the mixing of crops derived from conventional seeds with those grown using GM crops, may have an indirect effect on food safety and food security.
The grapple fruit typically looks large and have a flesh that is sweeter and crisper. The grapple fruit is one of the varieties of Fuji apple. Grapple is an Washington apple. It normally tastes like an apple and grape.High in caloriesCholesterol free fruit andreduces the level of cholesterol Reduces the chance of cancer When kept at room temperature, this fruit become soft, mealy and mushy The Grapple season begins late October or early November. It gets paired with some cheese varieties for a tasty treat.
Israeli researchers produced a genetically engineered tomato that tastes with its hint of lemon and rose aromas. Nearly 82 people have tested the experimental fruit against unmodified counterparts. It describes as perfume, rose, geranium and lemon grass.
Heavily fortified with vitamin C and have no sodium or cholesterol
According to the University of Central Florida biomedical researchers, capsules of insulin produced in genetically modified lettuce could hold the key to restoring the body's ability to produce insulin and help millions of Americans who suffer from insulin-dependent diabetesEngineered tobacco plants with the insulin gene and then administered freeze-dried plant cells to five-week-old diabetic mice as a powder for eight weeks. By the end of the study, the diabetic mice had normal blood and urine sugar levels, and their cells were producing normal levels of insulin. Those results and prior research indicate that insulin capsules could someday be used to prevent diabetes before symptoms appear and treat the disease in its later stages, Daniell said. He has since proposed using lettuce instead of tobacco to produce the insulin because that crop can be produced cheaply and avoids the negative stigma associated with tobacco.Insulin typically is given through shots and not pills so the hormone can go straight into the bloodstream. In Daniell's method, plant cell walls made of cellulose initially prevent insulin from degrading. When the plant cells containing insulin reach the intestine, bacteria living there begin to slowly break down the cell walls and gradually release insulin into the bloodstream.
About 20.8 million children and adults in the United States, or about 7 percent of the population, have Type 1 or 2 diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association. If human trials are successful, the impact of Daniell's research could affect millions of diabetics worldwide and dramatically reduce the costs of fighting a disease that can lead to heart and kidney diseases and blindness.
