Älykäs kaupunki on 'systeemien systeemi'
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An expert document on smart cities is summarized as follows: 1) A smart city is described as a "system of systems" that instruments, interconnects, and gains intelligence from the flows of data between the many interconnected systems that make up a city like transportation, energy, infrastructure, and people. 2) Cities face systemic challenges around congestion, aging infrastructure, and increasing urbanization that exacerbate issues, which reductionist thinking will not fully address. 3) A smart city approach seeks to understand cities as single, complex systems by integrating information across city agencies to better coordinate resources and enable more intelligent decision-making.
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Älykäs kaupunki on 'systeemien systeemi'
- 1. © 2014 IBM Corporation Älykäs kaupunki on ‘systeemien systeemi’ Ville Peltola, Innovation Director, CTO Office IBM Europe
- 2. We can now measure and sense almost everything Camera phones in existence able to document accidents, damage, and crimes 1 billion RFID tags embedded into our world and across entire ecosystems 30 billion Of new automobiles will contain event data recorders collecting travel information 85% Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
- 3. People, devices and systems can communicate freely Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent Mobile phone subscribers globally 4 billion People on the internet by 2011 2 billion Connected devices in the “internet of things” 1 trillion
- 4. We can use vast amounts of data in totally new ways Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent Or one quadrillion operations per second can be calculated 1 petaflop Of new information generated every day and can now be managed 15 petabytes Of granularity for weather prediction can be modeled and measured 1 kilometer²
- 5. Smarter Planet Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent An opportunity to think and act in new ways - economically, socially and technically. + + =
- 6. What is a system? “Definition: A System* (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek σύστημα systēma, "whole compounded of several parts or members“, literary "composition“) is a set of interacting or interdependent system components forming an integrated whole” 6 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 7. Cities are a complex collection of systems PEOPLE ENERGY WATER ICT COMMERCE TRAFFIC FACILITIES …and silos 7 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 8. Cities have systemic challenges In a small business district in Los Angeles, driving around for parking in one year generated the equivalent of 38 trips around the world, burned 47,000 gallons of gas, emitted 730 tons of carbon dioxide. Congested roadways cost $78 billion annually in the form of 4.2 billion lost hours and 2.9 billion gallons of wasted gas. 8 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 9. Urbanization makes all the challenges even harder In 2007, for the first time in history, the majority of the world’s population - 3.3 billion people - lived in cities. By 2050, city dwellers are expected to make up 70% of Earth’s total population, or 6.4 billion people. 9 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 10. Infrastructure is aging in existing cities Water In the U.S., a significant water line bursts on average every 2 minutes Projections show energy consumption increasing by 50% in the next 25 years. Transport Energy 33% of U.S. Roads in poor, mediocre or fair condition & 27% of bridges deficient © 2010 IBM Corporation10 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 11. The need to build totally new cities Example: Masdar, zero-CO2 ’future city’ in United Arab Emirates close to Abu Dhabi © 2010 IBM Corporation11 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 12. Intelligence cameras Automatic ticketing Access control Identification systems Intrusion alarms Video surveillance Fire detection and alarms ….. Alternative energy sources Energy management Building management Energy distribution Street lighting Water distribution Water treatment Sewers …… Traffic management Radar cameras Traffic signaling Tolling Pedestrian crossings Subways Trains Buses Roads Parking …… Fire engines Ambulances Emergency room Healthcare Public Health K-12 Universities Continuing education Economic development Social care …… *a philosophical position that a complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts, and that an account of it can be reduced to accounts of individual constituents 12 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014 All this complexity is typically dealt by applying reductionism
- 13. We argue that we will not understand cities through reductionism Source: Sterman, John, “Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World,” 2000, p. 187 13 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 14. We argue that we will not understand cities through reductionism 14 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 15. ‘Smarter Cities’ is a way to approach the complexity of the real world in terms of the flows of information by integration across multiple government agencies Atlantic Council Awards Dinner, Washington, D.C., April 29, 2009 “And a city is a system - indeed, a city is a complex system of systems. All the ways in which the world works - from transportation, to energy, to healthcare, to commerce, to education, to security, to food and water and beyond - come together in our cities.” Sources • Meters • Traffic loops • Toll sensors • Surveillance cameras • Environmental sensors • Water flow, depth,….sensors • Energy flow sensors • Vehicle telematics (bus, taxi…) • Mobile telephone (anonymous) • People as sensors (environmental…) • People as data collectors (text, image, video…) Uses • “Understanding the city” • Multi-agency alarms and emergency response • Multi-factor predictive models (congestion prediction…) • Multi-factor risk analysis (impact of storms…) • Input to government processes (“Fix that hole”) • Polling (planning preferences…) • Billing (resource consumption, transit, parking…) • Visualizations (many kinds) 15 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 16. A Smarter City is considered to be a single system with many interconnecting and interdependent sub systems. The ability to instrument, interconnect and gain intelligence is a fundamental requirement for a Smarter City. City Water Energy Transportation Security Waste COEmissions ICT Buildings Smarter City is a system of systems 16 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 17. Example: Holistic and integrated approach to city operation 17 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014 Smarter City Operations Center and City Operators as new professions, who can coordinate city operations intelligently and automatically between city agencies
- 18. Intelligent City Operations Center Integrated Collaboration (Visualization, Dashboards, KPI’s, Events, Incidents etc.) Integrated Operations (Process Optimization, Asset Management, Predictive Analytics, Real-Time Analytics, Business Intelligence) Integrated Information (Data Acquisition, Data Management, Data Storage) Smart city technology architecture - high level view
- 19. IBM’s current Smarter Cities portfolio
- 20. Intelligent Operations Center Events Incidents Events Incidents Events Events Incidents Leverage information to make better decisions Anticipate problems through analytics to resolve them proactively Coordinate resources and processes to operate effectively InsightData Events / Incidents
- 21. 21 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014
- 22. 22 IBM ConfidentialJune 5, 2014 Intelligent Operations Center screenshot
- 23. The Rise of the Analytics Driven Asset Management City-wide Monitoring Innovative technology merges with existing infrastructure Key decisions based on fact not assumptions Controls react real time for optimal performance “Our assets are talking to us, we are not listening” – Mujib Lodhi
- 24. 0 50 100 150 200 250 200400600800 ID 103011024 0 50 100 150 200 250 0500150025003500 ID 103063556 REAL[pl,] 0 500150025003500 REAL[pl,] 0 50 100 150 200 250 10002000300040005000 ID 103064571 0 50 100 150 200 250 1000200030004000 ID 103064655 REAL[pl,] rr r rrr r r r r r r r rr r r r r rr r r rr r r r r r 0 500150025003500 REAL[pl,] 0 ID 103067974 400 ID 103072372 r Gigabytes of real-time traffic data available today. But by the time it is received, it is no longer representative of the actual traffic Issue: “real-time” is too late IBM’s Traffic prediction: intelligence combining sensor data & sophisticated algorithms that create relevant insights from the raw data IBM Innovation: forecast the future IBM’s Traffic prediction tool (TPT) accurately forecasts future traffic conditions 30 minutes in advance with high accuracy volume blue = forecast black = actual red = incident time From real time information into predictions
- 25. Fire Functionality checks, Detector service Water Smart Meters, Use / Flow Sensing HVAC Fans, Variable Air Volume, Air Quality Elevators Maintenance, Performance Access/Security Badge in, Cameras, Integration Perimeter, Doors, Floors, Occupancy Lighting Occupancy Sensing 24/7 Monitoring Condition Monitoring, Parking Lot Utilization Energy Smart Meters, Demand response Voice/Video/Data Community Services Transportation, Traffic, Events Community Services Transportation, Traffic, Events Utilities Demand Mgmt, Cost Control Utilities Demand Mgmt, Cost Control Weather Current Predictions Weather Current Predictions Emergency Services Alerts, Actions Emergency Services Alerts, Actions Commercial Potential Advertisement Commercial Potential Advertisement Integrated Building & Communications Services AnalyticsandOptimization ExternalIntegration Portfolio Estates Mgmt Portfolio Estates Mgmt Occupancy Space Mgmt Occupancy Space Mgmt Waste Mgmt Trash/Water/Recycle Waste Mgmt Trash/Water/Recycle Compliance Environmental reports Compliance Environmental reports Tenant Services Help Desk Tenant Services Help Desk Asset Mgmt Lifecycle Asset Mgmt Lifecycle Building Services Maintenance Building Services Maintenance Industry Specific Hospital, hotel, etc. Industry Specific Hospital, hotel, etc. Energy Use Passive/Active Energy Use Passive/Active Building is a ‘miniature city’ – a collection of complex systems
- 26. Infrastructure Operators Infrastructure Engineering/Integrators Traditional IT Manages and operates physical infrastructure systems such as highways, bridges, airports, electric grids, etc. Plans, advises, designs and builds urban physical infrastructure often with property owners, developers, and local governments Provides physical components for urban systems and serve as system integrators for complex projects Supplies IT components, serves as an advisory or integrator; provides information backbone, data analysis and associated services Architecture/ Engineering/Construction Integrated End-to-End Smarter Cities Capabilities The emerging Smarter Cities ecosystem is characterized by different industries that are beginning to converge
- 27. Only technology? What about the people / citizens?
- 28. People systems as data sources (100M 311 calls in NYC)
- 30. Example: Open311 and civic issue reporting / tracking
- 31. ‘People systems’ are the most important systems in cities
Editor's Notes
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