Based on my lecture at Maju

1. Social Values
and Beliefs
Chapter 11
Liaqat Hussain

2. SOCIAL VALUES
Introduction
• Values belief and religion all the three are
interrelated concepts.
• According to DURKEIM, “ a religion is a unified
system of beliefs and practices related to sacred
things”
• Values are a part in study of social norms.
• Values are “the conception of the good which
influence selection from available end, means and
modes of actions,”

3. SOCIAL VALUES
Definition
• H.m.Johnson: “Values are general standards and may be
regarded as higher order norms”
• Perter Sorslay: “Values are general conception of “the
good” ideas about the kind of ends that people should
pursue throughout their lives and throughout the many
different activities in shuich they engage.”
• M.Haralambos: “ a value is abelife that something is
good and worhwhile. It dfines what is woth having and
worh striving for”

4. SOCIAL VALUES
Institutions
1. The Value of Power are attained through political
institution.
2. The Value of Wealth are attained through economic
institutions.
3. The Value of Affection are attained through family
institution.
4. The Value of Rectitude are attained through religious
institutions.
5. The Value of Skill and enlightenment are attained
through educational institutions.

5. SOCIAL VALUES
Functions
I. Values provides goals or ends for the members to aim
for,
II. Values provide for stabilities and uniformities in group
interaction, hence create sense of belongingness
among people who shared commonly.
III. Values bring legitimacy to the rules that govern specific
activities.
IV. Value help to bring about some kind of adjustment
between different sets of rules.
V. Values differentiate between right and wrong and what
is desirable and undesirable.

6. SOCIAL VALUES
how it Develop
I. The origin of values is not biological process.
II. It is social production.
III. Values depend upon the social structure and the
culture..
IV. Values are what we like and say good in our life.
V. Values develop customs, rituals and conventions in
their behaviors.

7. SOCIAL VALUES
and Norms
I. Values is related to social norms.
II. The protection of values is made by the norms.
III. The human behavior is directed by the norms.
IV. Norms are the guides of human behavior and the
behavior is directed towards value.
Human
behavior
Values
Social
norms

8. SCIENCE AND VALUES
Science
• The work of a science is not
persuasion or conversion,
but rather demonstration
that under certain given
conditions, certain events
inevitably follow.
Values
• Mater of sociology is values
and moral involvement and
it may tempt the social
scientist his results in favor
of his own value

9. SOCIAL VALUES
Indicators
I. What people say is good when your ask them.
II. What people strive to get.
III. The things on which people spend their resources
of time, money and energy.
IV. The things they chose when faced by alternatives.
The above cited four indicators express the values
of individual, group and whole society.

10. SOCIAL VALUES
– Values and social change.
– Values endangered create social problems.
– Types of Values
• Cultural values
• Social values
– Different between cultural and social values
– Value conflict
– Belief
– Belief and Religion
– Belief System

11. SOCIAL VALUES
components of Religion
– Rituals
– Emotions
– Beliefs
– Organization

12. SOCIAL VALUES
Living Religions of the world
– Hinduism (‫دھرم‬ ‫)سناتن‬
– Zoroastrianism (‫)زرتشت‬ (‫پرست‬ ‫آتش‬ )
– Shantoism
– Judaism
– Taoism
– Confucianism
– Buddhism
– Christianity
– Islam

13. Hinduism
Sanatan is Sanskrit name and its comes
from Sant, Sants or Sofi, the term Sanatana
Dharma can be roughly translated to mean
"the natural, ancient and eternal way."
(‫دھرم‬ ‫)سناتن‬

14. Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism is based on the teachings of Zoroaster, a 6th-century
BC Iranian prophet and philosopher. Zoroastrianism is almost identical
with Mazdaism (the worship of Ahura Mazda, the supreme deity
exalted by Zoroaster). Zoroastrianism survives today in isolated areas
of the Middle East, primarily Iran, but more prosperously in India,
(‫پرست‬ ‫)آتش‬

15. Shantoism (‫رستی‬َ‫پ‬ ‫)مظاہر‬

16. Judaism
•
The religion of the Israelites of the Bible and of the Jews
of today, based on the teachings of the Torah. Judaism
involves the belief in one God
(‫)یہودیت‬

17. Taoism
also known as Daoism, is a religious, philosophical and ritual tradition
of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (道,
literally "Way", also romanized as Dao).
(‫)راستہ‬

18. Confucianism (‫)کنفیوشس‬

19. Buddhism (‫مند‬ ‫)دانش‬