SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 27
An empirical analysis of ‘challenge’ as a motivational factor for educational games Conor Linehan * , Ben Kirman * , Bryan Roche # * Lincoln Social Computing Research Centre # NUI Maynooth
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Games as tools for education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],should
Games as tools for education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Appropriate Challenge & Flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Appropriate Challenge & Flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Appropriate Challenge & Flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measuring motivation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Operant choice procedures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],6-fast 6-med 6-slow 6 stimuli 2-fast 2-med 2-slow 2 stimuli Fast Medium speed Slow
Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results
 
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discussion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discussion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discussion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

Games, ar, vr and education
Games, ar, vr and educationGames, ar, vr and education
Games, ar, vr and education
ehelfant
 

What's hot (16)

Narrative and Nurturing study, Lieberman, Games for Health 5-9-08
Narrative and Nurturing study, Lieberman, Games for Health 5-9-08Narrative and Nurturing study, Lieberman, Games for Health 5-9-08
Narrative and Nurturing study, Lieberman, Games for Health 5-9-08
 
Threat and central image in dreams student and soldier gamers
Threat and central image in dreams student and soldier gamersThreat and central image in dreams student and soldier gamers
Threat and central image in dreams student and soldier gamers
 
Effects of Sharing Physiological States of Players in a Collaborative Virtual...
Effects of Sharing Physiological States of Players in a Collaborative Virtual...Effects of Sharing Physiological States of Players in a Collaborative Virtual...
Effects of Sharing Physiological States of Players in a Collaborative Virtual...
 
Designing Serious Game for Behavioral Change in Healthcare
Designing Serious Game for Behavioral Change in HealthcareDesigning Serious Game for Behavioral Change in Healthcare
Designing Serious Game for Behavioral Change in Healthcare
 
What makes male gamers angry, sad, amused, and enthusiastic while playing vio...
What makes male gamers angry, sad, amused, and enthusiastic while playing vio...What makes male gamers angry, sad, amused, and enthusiastic while playing vio...
What makes male gamers angry, sad, amused, and enthusiastic while playing vio...
 
The Efficacy of Virtual Reality Biofeedback Game DEEP: Psychological Need Sat...
The Efficacy of Virtual Reality Biofeedback Game DEEP: Psychological Need Sat...The Efficacy of Virtual Reality Biofeedback Game DEEP: Psychological Need Sat...
The Efficacy of Virtual Reality Biofeedback Game DEEP: Psychological Need Sat...
 
Gamification - Engineering happiness
Gamification - Engineering happinessGamification - Engineering happiness
Gamification - Engineering happiness
 
Designing
DesigningDesigning
Designing
 
Cognitive Evaluation of Video Games: Players' Perceptions
Cognitive Evaluation of Video Games: Players' Perceptions Cognitive Evaluation of Video Games: Players' Perceptions
Cognitive Evaluation of Video Games: Players' Perceptions
 
Game Thinking for Human focused Transformations
Game Thinking for Human focused TransformationsGame Thinking for Human focused Transformations
Game Thinking for Human focused Transformations
 
Contemplative practice versus video game play associations
Contemplative practice versus video game play associationsContemplative practice versus video game play associations
Contemplative practice versus video game play associations
 
Game theory for a better world
Game theory for a better worldGame theory for a better world
Game theory for a better world
 
Contemplative Practice versus Gaming
Contemplative Practice versus GamingContemplative Practice versus Gaming
Contemplative Practice versus Gaming
 
Failure, frustration, insight
Failure, frustration, insightFailure, frustration, insight
Failure, frustration, insight
 
Games, ar, vr and education
Games, ar, vr and educationGames, ar, vr and education
Games, ar, vr and education
 
Video Games: Positive Agents Of Socializaiton
Video Games:  Positive Agents Of SocializaitonVideo Games:  Positive Agents Of Socializaiton
Video Games: Positive Agents Of Socializaiton
 

Viewers also liked (6)

Using Social Media to drive public engagement with Open Data
Using Social Media to drive public engagement with Open DataUsing Social Media to drive public engagement with Open Data
Using Social Media to drive public engagement with Open Data
 
Social Media and Behaviour Change Domestic Energy and other Case Studies
Social Media and Behaviour Change Domestic Energy and other Case StudiesSocial Media and Behaviour Change Domestic Energy and other Case Studies
Social Media and Behaviour Change Domestic Energy and other Case Studies
 
Experience Centered Design of Energy Interventions for Shared Student Accommo...
Experience Centered Design of Energy Interventions for Shared Student Accommo...Experience Centered Design of Energy Interventions for Shared Student Accommo...
Experience Centered Design of Energy Interventions for Shared Student Accommo...
 
Motivation chapter v
Motivation chapter vMotivation chapter v
Motivation chapter v
 
Presentation1 on labour welfare
Presentation1 on labour welfarePresentation1 on labour welfare
Presentation1 on labour welfare
 
Need Theories In Motivation
Need Theories In MotivationNeed Theories In Motivation
Need Theories In Motivation
 

Similar to An empirical analysis of ‘challenge’ as a motivational factor for educational games

Developing a serious game to evaluate and train group decision making skills
Developing a serious game to evaluate and train group decision making skills Developing a serious game to evaluate and train group decision making skills
Developing a serious game to evaluate and train group decision making skills
Lincoln Social Computing Research Centre
 
Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educat...
Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educat...Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educat...
Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educat...
Lincoln Social Computing Research Centre
 
Gamification - ASTD RTA
Gamification - ASTD RTAGamification - ASTD RTA
Gamification - ASTD RTA
trickyraymer
 
Serious game serious goals
Serious game serious goalsSerious game serious goals
Serious game serious goals
Centro Metid
 

Similar to An empirical analysis of ‘challenge’ as a motivational factor for educational games (20)

LAFS Game Design 8 - Playtesting
LAFS Game Design 8 - PlaytestingLAFS Game Design 8 - Playtesting
LAFS Game Design 8 - Playtesting
 
User Experience 7: Quantitative Methods, Questionnaires, Biometrics and Data ...
User Experience 7: Quantitative Methods, Questionnaires, Biometrics and Data ...User Experience 7: Quantitative Methods, Questionnaires, Biometrics and Data ...
User Experience 7: Quantitative Methods, Questionnaires, Biometrics and Data ...
 
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge Guru
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge GuruPrimer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge Guru
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge Guru
 
THE EFFECTS OF USING GAME IN COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY ON LEARNING OUTC...
THE EFFECTS OF USING GAME IN COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY ON LEARNING OUTC...THE EFFECTS OF USING GAME IN COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY ON LEARNING OUTC...
THE EFFECTS OF USING GAME IN COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY ON LEARNING OUTC...
 
Applying Game Concepts To Learning
Applying Game Concepts To LearningApplying Game Concepts To Learning
Applying Game Concepts To Learning
 
Developing a serious game to evaluate and train group decision making skills
Developing a serious game to evaluate and train group decision making skills Developing a serious game to evaluate and train group decision making skills
Developing a serious game to evaluate and train group decision making skills
 
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and Results
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and ResultsA Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and Results
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and Results
 
Guided Discovery
Guided DiscoveryGuided Discovery
Guided Discovery
 
Train Your Brain With Games
Train Your Brain With GamesTrain Your Brain With Games
Train Your Brain With Games
 
EDC326: PickASeat 1
EDC326: PickASeat 1EDC326: PickASeat 1
EDC326: PickASeat 1
 
830205AraShirinian
830205AraShirinian830205AraShirinian
830205AraShirinian
 
Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educat...
Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educat...Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educat...
Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educat...
 
J.D. Fletcher, Institute of Defense Analyses and Sigmond Tobias, SUNY
J.D. Fletcher, Institute of Defense Analyses and Sigmond Tobias, SUNYJ.D. Fletcher, Institute of Defense Analyses and Sigmond Tobias, SUNY
J.D. Fletcher, Institute of Defense Analyses and Sigmond Tobias, SUNY
 
Designing Ethical Dilemmas - Long
Designing Ethical Dilemmas - LongDesigning Ethical Dilemmas - Long
Designing Ethical Dilemmas - Long
 
Gamification - ASTD RTA
Gamification - ASTD RTAGamification - ASTD RTA
Gamification - ASTD RTA
 
Master's Project Idea Presentation
Master's Project Idea PresentationMaster's Project Idea Presentation
Master's Project Idea Presentation
 
Motivation slides from Workshop
Motivation slides from WorkshopMotivation slides from Workshop
Motivation slides from Workshop
 
eLearning and the Future through Fact or Fishy
eLearning and the Future through Fact or FishyeLearning and the Future through Fact or Fishy
eLearning and the Future through Fact or Fishy
 
Serious game serious goals
Serious game serious goalsSerious game serious goals
Serious game serious goals
 
Game-Based Research: Implementing brand health and satisfaction tracking usin...
Game-Based Research: Implementing brand health and satisfaction tracking usin...Game-Based Research: Implementing brand health and satisfaction tracking usin...
Game-Based Research: Implementing brand health and satisfaction tracking usin...
 

More from Lincoln Social Computing Research Centre

There’s a Monster in my Kitchen: Using Aversive Feedback to Motivate Behaviou...
There’s a Monster in my Kitchen: Using Aversive Feedback to Motivate Behaviou...There’s a Monster in my Kitchen: Using Aversive Feedback to Motivate Behaviou...
There’s a Monster in my Kitchen: Using Aversive Feedback to Motivate Behaviou...
Lincoln Social Computing Research Centre
 
Designing mobile technology to promote sustainableDesigning Mobile Technology...
Designing mobile technology to promote sustainableDesigning Mobile Technology...Designing mobile technology to promote sustainableDesigning Mobile Technology...
Designing mobile technology to promote sustainableDesigning Mobile Technology...
Lincoln Social Computing Research Centre
 

More from Lincoln Social Computing Research Centre (11)

Using Grounded Theory to Inform the Design of Energy Interventions for the Wo...
Using Grounded Theory to Inform the Design of Energy Interventions for the Wo...Using Grounded Theory to Inform the Design of Energy Interventions for the Wo...
Using Grounded Theory to Inform the Design of Energy Interventions for the Wo...
 
Designing for Emotional Wellbeing
Designing for Emotional WellbeingDesigning for Emotional Wellbeing
Designing for Emotional Wellbeing
 
There’s a Monster in my Kitchen: Using Aversive Feedback to Motivate Behaviou...
There’s a Monster in my Kitchen: Using Aversive Feedback to Motivate Behaviou...There’s a Monster in my Kitchen: Using Aversive Feedback to Motivate Behaviou...
There’s a Monster in my Kitchen: Using Aversive Feedback to Motivate Behaviou...
 
Designing mobile technology to promote sustainableDesigning Mobile Technology...
Designing mobile technology to promote sustainableDesigning Mobile Technology...Designing mobile technology to promote sustainableDesigning Mobile Technology...
Designing mobile technology to promote sustainableDesigning Mobile Technology...
 
Blowtooth : Pervasive Gaming in Unique and Challenging Environments
Blowtooth : Pervasive Gaming in Unique and Challenging EnvironmentsBlowtooth : Pervasive Gaming in Unique and Challenging Environments
Blowtooth : Pervasive Gaming in Unique and Challenging Environments
 
FearSquare.com - Combining public crime data with social media services
FearSquare.com - Combining public crime data with social media services FearSquare.com - Combining public crime data with social media services
FearSquare.com - Combining public crime data with social media services
 
Wattsup?: Motivating reductions in domestic energy consumption using social m...
Wattsup?: Motivating reductions in domestic energy consumption using social m...Wattsup?: Motivating reductions in domestic energy consumption using social m...
Wattsup?: Motivating reductions in domestic energy consumption using social m...
 
Nudging People at Work and Other 3rd party locations
Nudging People at Work and Other 3rd party locationsNudging People at Work and Other 3rd party locations
Nudging People at Work and Other 3rd party locations
 
Motivating Physical Activity at Work using Social Media
Motivating Physical Activity at Work using Social MediaMotivating Physical Activity at Work using Social Media
Motivating Physical Activity at Work using Social Media
 
Behaviour Change in Organisational Energy Consumption using Social Media
Behaviour Change in Organisational Energy Consumption using Social MediaBehaviour Change in Organisational Energy Consumption using Social Media
Behaviour Change in Organisational Energy Consumption using Social Media
 
Social Media and Behaviour Change Case Studies
Social Media and Behaviour Change Case StudiesSocial Media and Behaviour Change Case Studies
Social Media and Behaviour Change Case Studies
 

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Dum Dum ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...
Dum Dum ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...Dum Dum ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...
Dum Dum ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...
 
Sonagachi ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Rea...
Sonagachi ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Rea...Sonagachi ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Rea...
Sonagachi ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Rea...
 
VIP ( Goa Call Girls ) Margao Beach👉 8617370543 Escort Service Enjoy Your Dre...
VIP ( Goa Call Girls ) Margao Beach👉 8617370543 Escort Service Enjoy Your Dre...VIP ( Goa Call Girls ) Margao Beach👉 8617370543 Escort Service Enjoy Your Dre...
VIP ( Goa Call Girls ) Margao Beach👉 8617370543 Escort Service Enjoy Your Dre...
 
Kanpur call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Kanpur call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingKanpur call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Kanpur call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
 
Jodhpur Park ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi ...
Jodhpur Park ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi ...Jodhpur Park ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi ...
Jodhpur Park ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi ...
 
Model VVIP Call Girls In Porur 👉 Chennai 🍬 7427069034 Escort Service & Hotel ...
Model VVIP Call Girls In Porur 👉 Chennai 🍬 7427069034 Escort Service & Hotel ...Model VVIP Call Girls In Porur 👉 Chennai 🍬 7427069034 Escort Service & Hotel ...
Model VVIP Call Girls In Porur 👉 Chennai 🍬 7427069034 Escort Service & Hotel ...
 
Almora call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Almora call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingAlmora call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Almora call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
 
Verified Trusted Call Girls Singaperumal Koil Chennai ✔✔7427069034 Independe...
Verified Trusted Call Girls Singaperumal Koil Chennai ✔✔7427069034  Independe...Verified Trusted Call Girls Singaperumal Koil Chennai ✔✔7427069034  Independe...
Verified Trusted Call Girls Singaperumal Koil Chennai ✔✔7427069034 Independe...
 
VIP Model Call Girls Vijayawada ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K ...
VIP Model Call Girls Vijayawada ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K ...VIP Model Call Girls Vijayawada ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K ...
VIP Model Call Girls Vijayawada ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K ...
 
Low Rate Call Girls Dhakuria (8005736733) 100% GENUINE ESCORT SERVICE & HOTEL...
Low Rate Call Girls Dhakuria (8005736733) 100% GENUINE ESCORT SERVICE & HOTEL...Low Rate Call Girls Dhakuria (8005736733) 100% GENUINE ESCORT SERVICE & HOTEL...
Low Rate Call Girls Dhakuria (8005736733) 100% GENUINE ESCORT SERVICE & HOTEL...
 
Model Call Girls In Pazhavanthangal WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
Model Call Girls In Pazhavanthangal WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...Model Call Girls In Pazhavanthangal WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
Model Call Girls In Pazhavanthangal WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
 
📞 Contact Number 8617697112 VIP East Sikkim Call Girls
📞 Contact Number 8617697112 VIP East Sikkim Call Girls📞 Contact Number 8617697112 VIP East Sikkim Call Girls
📞 Contact Number 8617697112 VIP East Sikkim Call Girls
 
Thane West \ Escort Service in Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 983332523...
Thane West \ Escort Service in Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 983332523...Thane West \ Escort Service in Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 983332523...
Thane West \ Escort Service in Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 983332523...
 
WhatsApp Chat: 📞 8617697112 Hire Call Girls Raiganj For a Sensual Sex Experience
WhatsApp Chat: 📞 8617697112 Hire Call Girls Raiganj For a Sensual Sex ExperienceWhatsApp Chat: 📞 8617697112 Hire Call Girls Raiganj For a Sensual Sex Experience
WhatsApp Chat: 📞 8617697112 Hire Call Girls Raiganj For a Sensual Sex Experience
 
Verified Trusted Call Girls Egmore Chennai ✔✔7427069034 Independent Chennai ...
Verified Trusted Call Girls Egmore Chennai ✔✔7427069034  Independent Chennai ...Verified Trusted Call Girls Egmore Chennai ✔✔7427069034  Independent Chennai ...
Verified Trusted Call Girls Egmore Chennai ✔✔7427069034 Independent Chennai ...
 
Bhimtal ❤CALL GIRL 8617697112 ❤CALL GIRLS IN Bhimtal ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
Bhimtal ❤CALL GIRL 8617697112 ❤CALL GIRLS IN Bhimtal ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRLBhimtal ❤CALL GIRL 8617697112 ❤CALL GIRLS IN Bhimtal ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
Bhimtal ❤CALL GIRL 8617697112 ❤CALL GIRLS IN Bhimtal ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
 
Borum Call Girls Service ☎ ️93326-06886 ❤️‍🔥 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Borum Call Girls Service ☎ ️93326-06886 ❤️‍🔥 Enjoy 24/7 Escort ServiceBorum Call Girls Service ☎ ️93326-06886 ❤️‍🔥 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Borum Call Girls Service ☎ ️93326-06886 ❤️‍🔥 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
 
Verified Trusted Call Girls Tambaram Chennai ✔✔7427069034 Independent Chenna...
Verified Trusted Call Girls Tambaram Chennai ✔✔7427069034  Independent Chenna...Verified Trusted Call Girls Tambaram Chennai ✔✔7427069034  Independent Chenna...
Verified Trusted Call Girls Tambaram Chennai ✔✔7427069034 Independent Chenna...
 
(TOP CLASS) Call Girls In Chengalpattu Phone 7427069034 Call Girls Model With...
(TOP CLASS) Call Girls In Chengalpattu Phone 7427069034 Call Girls Model With...(TOP CLASS) Call Girls In Chengalpattu Phone 7427069034 Call Girls Model With...
(TOP CLASS) Call Girls In Chengalpattu Phone 7427069034 Call Girls Model With...
 
Call Girls Bhandara Just Call 8617697112 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bhandara Just Call 8617697112 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Bhandara Just Call 8617697112 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bhandara Just Call 8617697112 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 

An empirical analysis of ‘challenge’ as a motivational factor for educational games

  • 1. An empirical analysis of ‘challenge’ as a motivational factor for educational games Conor Linehan * , Ben Kirman * , Bryan Roche # * Lincoln Social Computing Research Centre # NUI Maynooth
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.  
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.  
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 19.  
  • 20.
  • 21.  
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.

Editor's Notes

  1. List of elements that seem to be necessary in games, or that presumably make games excellent teaching tools. Goals, potential for corrective feedback, structure & mastery criterions, ------- to fantasy narrative (other stuff from gee). Why are we not trying to systematically investigate how they work – how they engage people and maintain that engagement?
  2. playing games is fun only if a sufficient proportion of the games challenges are mastered by the player
  3. Challenge & flow are very abstract terms. Witho9ut some concrete guidance on what they require, its very difficult to design for them
  4. This is the crux of the matter. The reason for the experiment. (i.e., the whole reason why games have been proposed as useful educational tools in the first place).
  5. Not time here to discuss advantages of BA in analysing & designing games
  6. …… .explained issues as diverse as employee absenteeism (Redmon & Lockwood, 1986), teen pregnancy (Bulow & Meller, 1998), classroom behaviour (Billington & DiTommaso, 2003) and, interestingly for the current study, the tactics of American Football games (Reed, Critchfield & Martens, 2006).
  7. There will be games that they score very high on and those that they score very low on
  8. it is possible that participants chose to re-play games based not on their success at that game, but based on some more basic feature of game-play, such as the number of stimuli presented or the speed of presentation. BUT From examination of graph it does not appear that the particular physical features of any of the six game types presented were sufficient to influence the choice of game made in stage 2 of the experiment
  9. This finding is particularly surprising in light of literature of ‘appropriate challenge’ and ‘flow’
  10. So, for half of the participants, an ‘appropriate level of challenge’ appeared to constitute complete mastery of that game.
  11. – a level where they accomplish most but not all challenges on their first attempt -