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Holton
- 1. Who Knows Best? Attitudesand perceptions of citizen journalism and the news through the lens of creators and consumers #ISOJ | April 21, 2012 | Austin, Texas @AveryHolton @markcoddington @_HGZ_
- 2. Users Generating Content CitizenJournalists Participatory Journalists Interactive Journalists We know news creators as…
- 3. They are reactionary. Theyare co-opted. They are valued increasingly for the data they provide. Yet they are a relative few. They are influential.
- 4. Their content isperceived as less important than “professional” content (Bergstrom, 2011; Towner & Dulio, 2011)… …though their news content is still seen as valuable (Nah & Chung, 2012; Wahl-Jorgensen, Williams, & Wardle, 2010).
- 5. Given the pastassociations between UGC consumption and perceptions and the positively oriented motivations for UGC creation: H1. Individuals’ news creation will be positively associated with positive attitudes regarding citizen journalism. H2. Individuals’ consumption of citizen journalism will be positively associated with positive attitudes about citizen journalism. RQ1. What association, if any, will there be between news consumers and attitudes about citizen journalism?
- 6. The tenets ofgood journalism according to professional journalists are: Accuracy, autonomy, objectivity, watchdog nature The tenets of good journalism according to the public are: Giving voice to the people, interpretation, objectivity (though journalists are failing at it)
- 7. We thus posethe following two hypotheses and one research question regarding the conceptions of good journalism among news creators, news consumers, and citizen journalism consumers: H3. Individuals’ creation of news content will be positively associated with affirming the professional tenets of good journalism. H4. Individuals’ news consumption will be positively associated with affirming the professional tenets of good journalism. RQ2. What association, if any, will there be between citizen journalism consumers and affirming the professional tenets of good journalism?
- 8. Method Data: Nationally representativesurvey of adults, 312 respondents Key Variables: News creation, news consumption, citizen journalism consumption, attitude toward citizen journalism, perception of the tenets of good journalism Controls: Gender (64.6% female), age (M = 49.32, SD = 12.25), race (77.2% white), education levels (M = 4.52, SD = 1.92, 1 = high school, 8 = doctorate), income (M = 6.26, SD = 2.53, 1 = less than $10,000, 15 = more than $100,000) Other controls: Political efficacy, trust
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- 12. So, who knowsbest? The distinction between creators and consumers might not be as important as the distinction between news consumers and consumers of citizen journalism. Those who consume citizen journalism may have the best attitudes about it. Those who consume the news generally may best identify with the tenets of professional journalism, more than those who create content. Those who create might just create.
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Editor's Notes
- #3 Pages 1-5 to explain the concepts applied.
- #9 See pages 11-17, may want to briefly explain or use examples for the variables.
- #10 Zero order correlations represent relationship without controls while partial correlations represent the controls (better glimpse). News creation is associated with positive and negative attitudes toward citizen journalism, but not with identifying tenets of good journalism. News consumption is associated with identifying tenets of good journalism. Citizen journalism consumption is associated with positive and negative attitudes toward citizen journalism, but not with identifying tenets of good journalism. Wait, huh? We’ll get there with a regression analysis. That helps us see the results a bit more clearly.
- #11 In our first block, we entered all demographics, which accounted for insignificant changes in positive attitudes and the tenets of good journalism, but did explain a bit of the negative attitudes.
- #12 In our second block, we see that political efficacy and trust, especially trust, play a major role for all three and accounted heavily for the variance in positive attitudes toward citizen journalism. In the third block, we see that creation and consumption, which are often blended together in research, do collectively explain a significant portion of the variance for all. However, we see some interesting patterns. For example, the consumption of citizen journalism is the only positive predictor of positive attitudes toward citizen journalism. Conversely, the consumption of news is the only positive predictor of the tenets of good journalism. The actual act of creation plays a relatively insignificant role here, which is interesting. This effect stays the same even when controlling for attitudes toward citizen journalism, which we did. The effect of attidues was insignificantly small.