The goal of this course is (1) to introduce geolocation of RF signals; (2) to analyze blind adaptive signal processing; (3) assess geolocation and digital beam forming; (4) to discuss geolocation and array signal processing; (5) to introduce geolocation, detection, and estimation techniques; (6) to describe multipath processing in geolocation of RF signals; and (7) provide hands on lab examples which cover realistic geolocation of RF signals. This course contains three main sections. The first section describes the RF signals, the RF signal spectrum from 100 MHz – 18 GHz, and the geolocation requirements per application. The second section describes the geolocation techniques as given below: • Geolocation of RF Signals • Blind adaptive signal processing • Geolocation and digital beam-forming • Geolocation and array signal processing • Geolocation, detection, and estimation techniques • Multipath processing in geolocation of RF signals • Hands on labs which cover realistic geolocation of RF signals And the third section proposes lab examples specifications that must be taken into account during the design process of systems that will perform accurate geolocation of RF signals.

1. GEOLOCATION OF RF SIGNALS
Tutorial 16.7
Prepared and Presented by
Ilir Progri, Ph.D., President and CEO, Giftet Inc
2180 Spencer Ave, Pomona, CA 91767
www.giftet.com
Presented at
IEEE RADARCON 2009, 8 May 2009
The Pasadena Conference Center
300 East Green Street, Pasadena, CA 91101
http://www.radarcon09.org/tutorials_program.html
http://www.radarcon09.org/tutorials_program2.html
http://www.radarcon09.org/tutorials_program18.html
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Overview
Introduction to geolocation of RF signals (Lecture ~5 min)
Section 1. Description the RF signals, the RF signal
spectrum from 100 MHz – 18 GHz and the geolocation
requirements per application (Lecture ~60 min)
Section 2. Description the geolocation techniques (Lecture
~105 min)
Break (~30 min)
Section 3. Lab specifications and illustrations (Lab ~35 min)
Tutorial evaluation and appreciation (~5 min)
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 2

3. Introduction to
Geolocation of RF Signals
Objectives
Provide an introduction about the tutorial, Giftet, The MathWorks,
MATLAB, Adobe, and Google
Duration ~5 min lecture
Obtain a quick overview of Giftet® Inc, The MathWorks,
MATLAB®, Adobe Systems Inc, and Google Inc.
Discuss tutorial set-up, materials, and logistics
Lecture ~165 min
Lab ~35 min
Administrative and break ~35 min
Provide a “big picture” view of the course ahead.
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 3

4. Giftet® Inc
Giftet® mission statement
Giftet mission is to become the premier industry corporation for researching,
developing, marketing, and distributing global navigation, software, and web
solutions for Indoor Geolocation Systems, Geolocation of RF Signals,
Geospatial, Geo-Information, Geo-Intelligence, Geo Referencing, GPS,
GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, and other Global Satellite and/or Pseudolite
Navigation (or Positioning and/or Timing) Systems based on customer’s needs
through innovation, leadership, strong collaboration and partnership.
Giftet® mission goal
Dedicated to the advancement of global navigation, software, and web
solutions®
Giftet® mission philosophy is based on partnership. Giftet welcomes partnership.
Building successful partnership one client at a time and one project at a time.
Giftet® Inc was founded on December 26, 2006, Pomona, CA.
For more information please visit http://www.giftet.com/
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 4

5. The MathWorks
The MathWorks is the leading (or the world’s premier)
corporation in developing and distributing computationally
oriented engineering and science products.
Mission Goal
Accelerating the pace of engineering and science
The MathWorks two core (or foundational) products are
MATLAB® and Simulink®
There are more than 1000 titles written about MATLAB and
Simulink in more than 26 languages.
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 5

6. MATLAB®
MATLAB® is the core or foundational product developed by The
MathWorks, Natick, MA.
I started to learn and use MATLAB® in 1993 using version 3.1.
MATLAB® 2008 and higher is the world’s preferred technical
computing language.
Applications
Aerospace, astronomy, radar, symbolic math, communications, wireless
communications, geolocation, signal processing, filter design, RF
engineering, control systems, bioinformatics, numerical algebra and
numerical linear algebra etc.
Special features about MATLAB®
User friendly in that it is extremely accurate, fast, and easy to use.
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 6

7. New MATLAB® Capabilities
Support for numerical arrays > 2×109 elements on 64-bit operating
systems for many MATLAB functions
Ability to read MPEG, WMV, and other video formats on Windows
platforms in MATLAB
Video viewer and ROI tools for polygon, ellipse, and freehand selections
in Image Processing Toolbox
Interleaving of parallel and serial code with the parfor function in
Distributed Computing Toolbox
Interactive graphics for the Web, using AJAX to enable rotate, zoom,
and pan in MATLAB Builder for Java
Support for Reuters Market Data System in Datafeed Toolbox
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 7

8. Adobe Systems Inc
Adobe Systems Inc in the world leading corporation in the developing
and producing consumer photo and video, mobile and devices, print
publishing, pro photography, rich internet applications, professional
video, technical communications, elearning communications, web
conferencing, web publishing etc.
Adobe products and solutions include Acrobat, Acrobat Connect Pro,
After Effects, AIR, ColdFusion, Design Premium, Dreamweaver, Flash
Professional, Flex, Illustrator, InDesign, LiveCycle Enterprise Suite,
Photoshop, Photoshop Elements.
Adobe products and solutions cover a broad range of industries
ranging from Broadcast and media, Education, Financial services,
Government, Life sciences, Manufacturing.
For more information please visit http://www.adobe.com/
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 8

9. Google Inc
Google Inc is the world’s leading search engine corporation including
help with Google Products and Services, Google Web Search Features
(Translation I’m Feeling Lucky, Cashed), Google Services and Tools
(Toolbar, Google Web APIs, Buttons), Google Labs (Ideas, Demos,
Experiments)
For site owners Google includes Advertising (AdWords, AdSense…),
Business Solutions (Google Search Appliance, Google Mini,
WebSearch…), Webmaster Central (One stop shop for comprehensive
info about how Google crawls and indexes website…), Submit your
content to Google (Add your site, Google Base, and Google Sitemaps…)
For more information please visit http://www.google.com/
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 9

10. Tutorial Setup, Materials,
Logistics
~2 hours of lecture, 8:00AM – 10:00AM
30 min break, 10:00AM – 10:30AM
~45 min of lecture, 10:30AM – 11:15AM
~45 min of lab & administrative, 11:15AM – 12:00PM
Also at the end of the tutorial each student will receive an
appreciation. This appreciation can be used as part of your
Geolocation Tutorial proficiency.
We would appreciate that at the end of the tutorial each
student fill out the tutorial evaluation form.
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 10

11. The “Big Picture” View
The goal of this tutorial is
(1) to introduce geolocation of RF signals
(2) to analyze blind adaptive signal processing
(3) assess geolocation and digital beam forming
(4) to discuss geolocation and array signal processing
(5) to introduce geolocation, detection, and estimation techniques
(6) to describe multipath processing in geolocation of RF signals
(7) provide hands on lab illustrations which cover realistic
geolocation of RF signals
(8) give an overview on the government, industry, technical, and
implementation specifications.
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 11

12. The “Big Picture” View Cont.
This tutorial contains three main sections.
The first section describes the RF signals, the RF signal spectrum
from 100 MHz – 18 GHz, and the geolocation requirements per
application.
The second section describes the geolocation techniques as given
below
Geolocation of RF Signals
Blind adaptive signal processing
Geolocation and digital beam-forming
Geolocation and array signal processing
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 12

13. The “Big Picture” View Cont.
Geolocation and array signal processing
Geolocation, detection, and estimation techniques
Multipath processing in geolocation of RF signals
Hands on MATLAB illustrations which cover realistic geolocation of
RF signals.
And the third section proposes lab illustration specifications that
must be taken into account during the design process of systems that
will perform accurate geolocation of RF signals.
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 13

14. RF Signals
Objectives
The first section describes the RF signals, the RF signal spectrum
from 100 MHz – 18 GHz, and the geolocation requirements per
application.
Duration ~ 60 min lecture
Identification and significance of the problem
RF geolocation requirements
RF signals
RF signal spectrum
RF geolocation requirements per application
Illustrations using MATLAB
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 14

15. Appreciation of GPS World
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 15

16. T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 16

17. Power in dBm for various wireless applications
100
FM Radio @ 80 dBm
Maximum output from a GSM1800/1900 mobile phone @ 30dBm
50 Bluetooth Class 1 radio, 100 m range (maximum output power
from unlicensed FM transmitter) @ 20 dBm
0
Typical maximum received signal power ( -10 to -30 dBm) of wireless network
Power (dBm)
-50
Typical range ( -60 to -80 dBm) of wireless (802.11x) received signal power over a network
-100
Thermal noise floor for commercial GPS single channel signal bandwidth (2 MHz)
@ -111 dBm
-150 Typical received signal power from a GPS satellite @ -127.5 dBm
Thermal noise floor for 1 Hz bandwidth at room temperature (20C) @ -174dBm
-200
Thermal noise floor for 1 Hz bandwidth in outer space (4 kelvin) @ -192.5 dBm
-250
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Wireless applications
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 17

18. RF Geolocation Techniques
Objectives
The second section describes the geolocation techniques as given
below
Duration ~120 min lecture
Geolocation of RF signals
Blind adaptive signal processing
Blind adaptive signal processing
Geolocation and array signal processing
Geolocation, detection, and estimation techniques
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 18

19. Geolocation of RF signals
A comparison between the recursive Cholesky’s and MGSO
algorithms
A solution to the generalized eigenvalue problem
Illustrations using MATLAB
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 19

20. Lab Illustrations Specifications
Geolocation of RF Signals
Objective Lab illustrations include combining the above practices in hands on
illustrations, homework, and exercises to realistic problems of geolocation of RF
signals.
Duration ~ 35 min 11:25AM – 12:00PM
Area 1 RF signals specifications, engineering, antennas, propagation, and
technologies
Area 2 RF geolocation distributed wireless communications network, multi-
digital dimensional, multiplatform, multitasking, division of labor, parallel and
joint signal processing
Area 3 RF geolocation, geospatial, geographic, video, visualization, and
virtualization integration
Area 4 RF geolocation distributed network service architecture, monitoring,
management, and information assurance
Area 5 RF geolocation research and development, project management, capital
planning and investment control.
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 20

21. Lab Illustrations’ Specifications—Area 5
RF geolocation research and development, project management,
capital planning and investment control
Giftet Reason for Partnership
Partner’s Reason for Partnership with Giftet
Need for Partnership
Government Agencies
Industry Partners
University and Research Centers
Nonprofit Organizations
Financial Institutions
Need for Innovation
Need for Integration and Standardization
Need for Product Development and Intelligent Mass Production
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 21

22. Tutorial Evaluation and
Appreciation
Objective
At the end of the tutorial each student will receive an Appreciation.
This appreciation can be used as part of your Geolocation of RF
Signals proficiency.
At the end of this tutorial each student is essentially achieving the
Geolocaiton of RF Signals proficiency level II (intermediate level).
At the end of this tutorial each student is also asked to fill out the
tutorial evaluation form at
T16.7 Geolocation RF Signals--Copyright © 2009 by Giftet Inc. All rights reserved. 22