Spectrum Toolbox covers such aspects as frequency bands overview, spectrum aggregation mechanisms, licensing and duplexing schemes, as well as spectrum sharing and refarming techniques.

1. Spectrum Toolbox Survey
Marcin Dryjański, Grandmetric Ltd.
Michał Szydełko, Movilo Ltd.
CROWNCOM 2016, Grenoble, France
Evolution Towards 5G
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2. Marcin Dryjański
Managing Consultant – Mobile
Grandmetric Ltd.
Marcin Dryjanski received his M.Sc. degree in telecommunications from the
Poznan University of Technology in Poland in June 2008.
During the past 8 years, Marcin has served as R&D Engineer, Lead Researcher,
R&D Consultant, Technical Trainer and Technical Leader.
He has been providing expert level courses in the area of LTE/LTE-Advanced for
leading mobile operators and vendors. Marcin provides consulting services to
business projects in the area of 5G related topics.
Marcin was a work-package leader in EU-funded research projects aiming at
radio interface design for 5G including FP-7 5GNOW and FP-7 SOLDER. He co-
authored a number of research papers targeting 5G radio interface design.
Marcin is the co-founder of Grandmetric Ltd., responsible for mobile/wireless
consulting.
Michał Szydełko
Consultant and Founder
Movilo Ltd.
Michał Szydełko received his M.S. degree in Mobile Telecommunication from the
Wroclaw University of Technology in 2005.
He was involved in 3GPP standardization in RAN4 as Nokia Siemens Networks delegate,
taking responsibility of BS demodulation requirements for WCDMA and LTE/LTE-A.
Michal was a work-package leader in EU-funded FP-7 research projects SAPHYRE, which
aimed at novel spectrum and infrastructure sharing schemes for mobile networks. He
(co)-authored several research papers on spectrum sharing and 5G requirements.
Currently he is actively supporting the 3GPP standardization process of the Active
Antennas Systems (AAS) work in Rel-13/14, as well as NR studies.
Michal is the founder of Movilo Ltd., covering mobile R&D and 3GPP standardization
consulting.
Authors
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3. • Introduction
• Spectrum Toolbox
• Evolution of Building Blocks
• Summary
Outline
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4. FDD+TDD
CA
DC LWA
Carrier
Wi-Fi
Flexible
TDD
LAA
Relaying
D2D
Spectrum:
Licensed FDD
Licensed TDD
Unlicensed
Introduction
Need for more
capacity
• Unlicensed spectrum usage
• New spectrum bands
• Novel spectrum sharing methods
• New spectrum access methods
Heterogeneous Network
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5. 3GPP system evolution
Spectrum Toolbox
Spectrum Toolbox Definition
Frequency bands
Spectrum
aggregation
Spectrum licensing
and sharing schemes
Duplexing schemes Spectrum refarming
LTE
Rel-8, 9
LTE-Advanced
Rel-10, 11, 12
LTE-Advanced Pro
Rel-13, 14, …
”5G”
Phase I: Rel-15
Phase II: Rel-16
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6. Frequency Bands Evolution
0.8 0.9 1.8-1.9 2.1 2.3-2.4 2.5-2.6
LTE f[GHz]
LTE-A
f[GHz]1.50.45 3.4-3.80.8 0.9 2.1 2.3-2.4 2.5-2.60.7
LTE-A
Pro f[GHz]1.50.45 3.4-3.80.8 0.9 2.1 2.3-2.4 2.5-2.60.7 5-6
”5G”
f[GHz]1.50.45 3.4-3.80.8 0.9 2.1 2.3-2.4 2.5-2.60.7 5-6 mmWave:
25GHz-86GHz*
1.8-1.9
1.8-1.9
1.8-1.9
* To be studied for WRC-19
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7. E-UTRA Frequency Bands (Current Allocation Chart)

8. Spectrum Aggregation
LTE
freqDL UL
1.4-20MHz LTE-A1.4-20MHz
DL UL
CC
1.4-20MHz
CC
1.4-20MHz
• 1 carrier
• Symmetric DL/UL • Multiple CC (up to 5)
• Legacy carrier structure
• Possible asymmetric DL/UL
• Intra/inter band
Single Carrier – flexible BW Carrier Aggregation Dual Connectivity
DL UL
freq
freq
DL UL freq
LTE-A
Pro
DL UL
freq
… …
Massive CA
Unlicensed spectrum
usage
• Up to 32 CC
• SDL
• LTE-WiFi tight aggregation
• Unlicensed LTE
”5G” Non-backwards
compatible carrier
Multi-connectivity
• Unified frame structure
• Lean carrier
• Aggregation of sub-6GHz and mmW
freq
• Multiple concurent connection
• Make-before-break
• No-cell
• Suitable for non-
ideal backhaul
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9. Duplexing Schemes
LTE
freqDL UL
FDD
LTE-A
LTE-A
Pro
”5G”
freqDL or UL
(static ratio)
TDD
OR
DL UL
AND
DL/UL
TDD CC
freq
FDD CC
freqDL or UL
(dynamic ratio – eIMTA)
TDD
freqDL UL
(DL)
FDD flexible duplex
freqDL and UL
Full duplex
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10. Spectrum Licensing and Sharing Schemes
LTE
LTE-A
LTE-A
Pro
”5G”
freq
Unlicensed
freq
Licensed
MNO
MNO – RAN rules
(Traffic steering) Any user
freq
UnlicensedLicensed
MNO – LWA, LAA Any user
freq
Licensed Shared
Spectrum owner
(LSA)
Licensee
(semi-static)
UnlicensedLicensed Any user
freq
Licensed Shared
Licensee
(dynamic)
MNO – LWA, LAA; LSA
MNO
MNO - RSE
MNO - RSE
freq
Unlicensed
freq
Licensed
MNO
MNO – Carrier WiFi
(ANDSF) Any userMNO
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11. freq
LTE GSM
Spectrum Refarming
LTE and
LTE-A
freq
LTE GSM LTE
License expiry
LTE-A Pro
Static refarming
Multi-RAT Joint Coordination
freq
LTE
freq
LTE GSMLTE
freq
LTE GSMLTE
freq
LTE GSM
Assignment
decision
Usage
/ load
Assignment
change
”5G”
Cognitive radio
freq
Secondary Primary
freq
Sensing
Usage
decision
Fixed BW deployment after license expiry
Semi-dynamic spectrum access
Central coordinator decides on usage based on long term stats
Fully dynamic/opportunistic access
Fully autonomous decisions
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12. 3GPP Release
Toolbox Element
LTE:
Rel-8, 9
LTE-Advanced:
Rel-10, 11, 12
LTE-Advanced Pro:
Rel-13,14
5G Phase I: Rel-15
5G Phase II: Rel-16
Frequency bands
[GHz]
0.7, 0.8, 1.8, 2.1,
2.3-2.4,
2.5-2.6GHz
0.45 (Brazil),
Digital Dividend, 1.5, 3.4-3.8GHz
5GHz ISM;
WRC-15 bands
New bands below 6GHz for 5G
RAT;
mmW: 6-100GHz;
WRC-15/19 bands
Spectrum
aggregation
Single Carrier (1.4-
20MHz),
symmetric DL/UL
Dual Connectivity,
CA variants:
-up to 5CC, FDD and/or TDD
-intra-/ inter-band, (non)-continuous,
-Co-located, RRH
-asymmetric DL/UL
Massive CA (32CC), LAA
(5GHz), LWA, eLWA, SDL for
CA:
2.3-2.4GHz
Multi-Connectivity with
asymmetric DL/UL,
SDL for CA:
700MHz,
2.5-2.6GHz,
Lean carrier
Spectrum licensing
schemes
Licensed spectrum
only
Licensed, Carrier Wi-Fi Licensed, Unlicensed, DL
LAA, LWA, LSA, eLWA
Co-existence of: exclusive
licensed, shared license-exempt
spectrum, enhanced LAA (DL+UL)
Duplexing
schemes
Separate FDD, TDD FDD and TDD (CA-based),
eIMTA
FDD Flexible Duplex Full Duplex,
New DL-only TDD configurations
Sharing schemes
(network,
spectrum)
Static schemes
(MOCN, MORAN)
Static schemes (MOCN, MORAN) RSE, LSA LSA (new bands),
SC sharing, SCaaS, spectrum
trading, Cognitive Radio (CR)
Spectrum
refarming
Static Static Dynamic, DSA, MRAT Joint
Coordination
Fully dynamic, opportunistic, CR
Spectrum Toolbox Summary
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13. Summary
• Complex multi-RAT system
 Unified RRM required.
 Native incorporation of SON - to manage network towards unified user experience across multiple converged
RATs.
• For efficient usage of novel spectrum licensing schemes (e.g. LSA) and network
topologies (e.g. UDN)
 Radio resources coordination needed on multiple levels: inter-MNO, inter-band, inter-RAT, inter-layer, inter-site.
• For fully dynamic spectrum access utilization
 High level flexibility in RF domain needed.
 High level of programmability relying on SDN/SDR to enable fully dynamic spectrum access.
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14. Thank You!
blog.grandmetric.com
Marcin Dryjański
Managing Consultant – Mobile
marcin.dryjanski@grandmetric.com
grandmetric.com
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