Lt Gen JP Singh, PVSM, AVSM (retd), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, India

2. Internal Threat, Internally Abetted
Internal Threat, Externally Abetted
External Threat, Internally Abetted
External Threat, Externally Abetted

4. STATES
Org: Large Sized Fmns
Hierarchical
Wpns:Sophisticated
C2: Centralised
[HIGH RISK]
STATE SPONSORED HYBRID
Org: Moderate size
Trained
Disciplined
Wpns: ATGMs, RPGs, Rkts,
Mors, HMGs, MANPADS
IEDs
C2: Decentralised
Cell Phones
Runners
[RAPIDLY EVOLVING]
NON STATE IRREGULAR
Org: Small Squads
Cellular Structure
ILL Trained
Innovative
Wpns: SAs,RPGs,Mors,
Rkts, IEDs
C2: Decentralised
Cell Phones
Runners
[PROBABILITY HIGH]
OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

5. Easy to Make.
Inexpensive.
Availability of Chemical Components.
Multi Mode Trigger.

6. High mortality rates.
Fear, Anxiety & Fatigue.
Disrupts access to people, critical spaces.
Shapes public opinion of conflict.
Demands very expensive strategic response.

9. STRATEGIC TACTICAL
•Funding. •Local leadership.
•Planning. •IED employment
plans.
•Training. •Bomb making.
•Logistic Support. •Delivering of IEDs.
•Overall resource allocation. •Emplacement.
•Initiation.
•Event exploitation.

10.  Leadership.
 Recruiting.
 Training.
 Target Selections & Planning.
 Surveillance.
 Rehearse attack.
 Movement of Component and personnel.
 Funding.
 Supplies.
 Infrastructure (Safe houses, storage).
 Support (Intl, Regional, Local).
 Monitor & Detonate.
 Information operations.

11.  Dynamic Systemic threat
comprising multiple actors, state
and non state, who operate and
interact within adaptive and
network Systems that extend
beyond geographical boundaries.

12. Potent
Survive
Innovative
Short Loop
Combination of IE

13. MILITARY
PETN
RDX HE
C4
SEMTEX Plastic Explosive
Commercial
TNT
Ammonia Nitrate & Aluminum
Powder
Ammonium Nitrate & Fuel oil Black
Powder
Dynamite
Nitro Glycerin
Urea Nitrate
HME
Potassium Chlorate (White
Odorless Powder)
Sodium Chlorate (Yellow
Odorless Power)
Hydrogen
Peroxide(disinfectant)
TATP Common HMEs
HMTD built with Hydrogen
Peroxide
CONTAIN VARIOUS Forms of N2
(exploited by detection
technology which look for
Nitro/Nitrate Gps
IEDs COMPONENTS
Control System
Detonator
Booster
Main Charge
Packaging

14. Reduce effectiveness and lethality
of IED threat to allow extended
freedom of maneuver for security
forces and state agencies.
Prevent disruption in socio-
economic activities.

15. Pan Government Approach.
Coordinated effort of all applicable
agencies of national power.
Common understanding of Strategic
environment wrt IED challenges.
Building enduring capabilities.

16. TIME
ATTACK THE NW
DEFEAT THE DEVICE
PREDICT /
PREVENT
IED FACILITATION
&
FABRICATION
NEUTRALISE
MITIGATE
IED
DETONATION
TRAIN THE FORCE
GEN AWARENESS
CALIBERATED TRG
SPECIALIST TRG

17. GATHERING IED MATERAIAL
CONSTRUCTING
IED
CONSTRUCTED
IED
STORAGE INVENTORY EMPLACEMENT EMPLACED
IED
DETONATION DETONATED
IED
POPULATION RADICALISATION GREY RECRUITMENT INSURGENT NEUTRALISE

18. TIME
ATTACK THE NW
DEFEAT THE DEVICE
PREDICT /
PREVENT
IED FACILITATION
&
FABRICATION
NEUTRALISE
MITIGATE
IED
DETONATION
TRAIN THE FORCE
GEN AWARENESS
CALIBERATED TRG
SPECIALIST TRG

19. Information Operations.
Law Enforcement.
Deterrence.
Disrupt re supply operations.
Financing network.
Signal Intelligence.
Biometric Analysis.
Behavioral Analysis.
Geographical Profiling.
Forensic Tools

20. Types of IEDs
o Buried IEDs
o Directional/ off route mines
o Booby traps
o Vehicle bombs
o RF IEDs
IED
o Explosive
o Initiator
o Trigger/ Switch
o Power source
o Casing

21. Quantity based
Bulk Detection
Trace Detection
Vapor Detection
Particulate Detection
Distance of detection
Point Detection
Standoff detection

22. Trace Detection
Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor
MEMS Sensors
Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Fluorescent Polymer Sensor
Spectroscopy
(Ion Mobility/Gas Chromatography)
Chemiluminescence
UV Fluorescence
Chemical reagents
Dogs

23. Bulk Detection
X-Ray
Single/ Dual energy
Tomography
Backscatter (Single/ Double beam)
Low Energy Microwave (Dielectrometry)
Terahertz/ Thermal Imaging
Ground Penetrating Radars
Nuclear Based
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance
Thermal Neutron Activation
Fast Neutron Activation/ Pulsed Fast
Neutron Activation

24. Water jet Disrupter
Laser Ordinance Disposal
Plastic Explosive
Jammers for RF IEDs
Thermal cutter

25. Institutional Mission focused
Calibrated Training
General Awareness to all Ranks
Specialist Training

26. Centers of Excellence
Replicate
3 dimensional visualisation
Modeling and Simulation
Training Brain

27. Information on IEDs
Modus operandi of terrorists
Do’s and Dont’s
Area Domination
Cultivate Sources
Basic technology of detection systems

28. Focus 1 (Attack the NW)
C IED int
Weapon Technology int
Persistent Surveillance, recce, information ops
IED technical and Forensic exploitation
Disposal of unexploded/captured ordnance
Focus 2 (Defeat the IED)
Detect and neutralisation at safe stand off ranges
Identification of suspicious solids & liquids
Use of IED detection systems
Fixed. Vehicle mtd. Man portable. Detection robots
Vehicle optics sensor systems. Jammers.
Mechanical route clearing devices. Misc detection kits.
Focus 3
Training the trainers