Urban areas in India generate large amounts of waste from various domestic and industrial sources. The average person in major Indian cities produces 450 grams of waste per day, and in total these cities generate 16 million tons of waste annually. Various types of industries also produce significant amounts of solid waste. Urban waste causes problems when it is exposed to rainfall and flows into water sources, as the chemical components can adversely affect crop growth and spread disease. Proper waste management is needed to categorize and dispose of the different waste streams from municipal, commercial, industrial and other sources.
1. URBAN WASTE
Domestic and industrial waste
25% of India’s total population lives in urban areas
They generate 16 million tons of waste
Average wastes generated per person per day in 8
major cities of India 450 gm
Industrial societies in USA alone produce 11 billion tons
of solid waste each year
Urban waste generating industries are cigarette
making, mining and metallurgy, fertilizers etc.
Building construction works constitute sufficient solid
waste
2. CAUSES OF URBAN WASTE
Fly ash produced by burning of coal in thermal plants.
Fly ash is dumped in low lying areas near power plants
Fly ash has effect on crop production
Urban waste like garbage, plastics, glasses, abandoned vehicles are
exposed to rainfall and waste water
These chemical agents adversely effect growing crops
Textiles, dyes, soap, synthetic detergents, rubber, and pulp, cottage
and small scale industries pour their hazardous effluents create
disastrous effects on living organisms
Pathogenic organisms excreted by man in urban waste decrease soil
fertility
The consumption of vegetables and fruits by man make these
organisms to be transmitted in his body
Disease producing organisms are transmitted
3. WASTE MANAGEMENT
Industrial societies produce enormous solid
waste
These are domestic, commercial, industrial,
agricultural and mining wastes
The waste stream constitute garbage, garden
wastes, food wastes, junk cars, worn out
furniture, news papers, office refuse
4. TYPE OF WASTES
Wastes are grouped under seven categories:
1. AGRICULTRE WASTES
- rice barn, rice husk, wood waste, coconut shell, cotton wastes, jute sticks
2. Vegetable and fruit processing industries
3. Animal waste
4. Community waste
- night soil, sewage, cattle dung, city refuge
5. Industrial waste
- fly ash, coal dust
- paper waste, mica waste etc.
6. Wastes from aluminium industry, wastes from sugar factories
7. E-WASTE
- 85 million cell phones when become out of order
- computer waste
5. THE WASTE STREAM
Steady flow of varied wastes that we produce, from
domestic garbage to industrial, commercial and
construction refuse
200 billion metal, glass and plastic food and beverage
containers used every year in US end up in trash
Newspaper, magazines, advertisements, office refuse
are major wastes
Toxic materials should be separated from hazardous
materials before recycling
Separating solid waste from liquid and gas. Hazardous
waste from non-hazardous waste