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The Value of Great Streets:
Safety, Mobility, Vitality
Istanbul, 26 August 2013
•  plaza •  Bike lane
Urbanity
Vitality
Great Streets – Great Cities
Mobility
Safety
Mobility
•  Basic Urban Form + Street Design
–  Death & injury are largest cost of
automobile transport for most cities
– rivaling congestion
–  Traffic crashes are a leading cause
of death worldwide, esp. young
adults
–  Dumbaugh & Rae found that
traditional urban neighborhoods
were safer than suburban areas
with large, fast arterial streets
–  1 in 5 of Turkey’s road deaths are
pedestrians
10.8
3.3
13.4
1.6
0.0	
   10.0	
   20.0	
  
US
NYC
Turkiye
Istanbul
Traffic Fatality Rate per
100,000 Inhabitants
Safety
Dense cities are much safer than car-
oriented cities and rural areas
•  Strong benefit : cost ratio
•  Safety projects can outperform
pure mobility projects
•  Fast implementation with ordinary
materials
•  Measurable results
•  Most cost-effective to implement
as a continuing citywide program
Safety
•  Above: person-capacity per hour of a typical 3.5m lane
•  Walking and cycling save space – the scarcest urban resource
Graphic: Asian Development Bank
Mobility
•  In New York City, bicycle
commuting rose as bike
network expanded from
2008 to 2013
•  Has risen by 300% since
2000.
Graphic: NYC Dept. of Transportation
Mobility
Bicycling	
  grows	
  as	
  bike	
  networks	
  are	
  improved	
  
A Virtuous Cycle
•  Walking and biking
households spend
more locally than
drivers
•  Presence of local
businesses improves
attraction of street
•  Result: more and safer
walking
Improved	
  
Street	
  
Design	
  
Improved	
  
Safety	
  
More	
  
Walking/
Biking	
  
Stronger	
  
Local	
  Retail	
  
Support	
  for	
  
Street	
  
Design	
  
Economic Vitality
•  Projects are not
intuitive to all
businesses
•  Working closely with
groups of small
retailers or with
primary stakeholders
can overcome these
concerns
Economic Vitality
Pedestrian	
  space	
  and	
  bike	
  
connec7vity	
  at	
  a	
  transit	
  hub	
  and	
  park	
  
Union Square North, Manhattan
Retail
vacancies
cut in half
Travel times
unchanged
Injury
crashes
down by
26%
Source: NYC Dept. of Transportation
Pearl Street Plaza, Brooklyn
Retail	
  
Sales	
  up	
  
172%	
  
Locally-­‐designed	
  plaza	
  replaces	
  empty	
  asphalt,	
  providing	
  focal	
  
point	
  for	
  a	
  neighborhood	
  in	
  transi7on	
  from	
  industrial	
  to	
  mixed-­‐use	
  
Source: NYC Dept. of Transportation
9th Avenue Protected Bike Lanes
Retail	
  
Sales	
  up	
  
49%	
  
Injuries	
  
down	
  
58%	
  
2,200	
  
bikes	
  per	
  
day	
  
Source: NYC Dept. of Transportation
Protected	
  Bike	
  Lane	
  replaces	
  one	
  lane	
  of	
  
mixed	
  traffic,	
  adding	
  pedestrian	
  refuges	
  
and	
  greening	
  the	
  street.	
  	
  
Palmer Street, Cambridge MA
Brighton New Road
Pedestrian	
  
volume	
  up	
  
62%	
  
Car	
  speeds	
  
down	
  to	
  20	
  
kph	
  
“Staying	
  
acQviQes”	
  up	
  
600%	
  
Source: Gehl Architects
Shared	
  Street	
  design	
  allows	
  deliveries	
  and	
  bicycling	
  on	
  a	
  pedestrian-­‐
dominated	
  retail	
  street	
  	
  
West Palm Beach, Florida
Retail	
  
occupancy	
  
at	
  80%	
  
Downtown	
  revitaliza7on	
  with	
  safe	
  street	
  designs	
  as	
  a	
  centerpiece	
  
Questions
Matthew Roe
matthewjafferoe@gmail.com

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The Value of Great Streets - Matthew Roe, New York City DOT

  • 1. The Value of Great Streets: Safety, Mobility, Vitality Istanbul, 26 August 2013
  • 2. •  plaza •  Bike lane Urbanity Vitality Great Streets – Great Cities Mobility Safety Mobility
  • 3. •  Basic Urban Form + Street Design –  Death & injury are largest cost of automobile transport for most cities – rivaling congestion –  Traffic crashes are a leading cause of death worldwide, esp. young adults –  Dumbaugh & Rae found that traditional urban neighborhoods were safer than suburban areas with large, fast arterial streets –  1 in 5 of Turkey’s road deaths are pedestrians 10.8 3.3 13.4 1.6 0.0   10.0   20.0   US NYC Turkiye Istanbul Traffic Fatality Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants Safety Dense cities are much safer than car- oriented cities and rural areas
  • 4. •  Strong benefit : cost ratio •  Safety projects can outperform pure mobility projects •  Fast implementation with ordinary materials •  Measurable results •  Most cost-effective to implement as a continuing citywide program Safety
  • 5. •  Above: person-capacity per hour of a typical 3.5m lane •  Walking and cycling save space – the scarcest urban resource Graphic: Asian Development Bank Mobility
  • 6. •  In New York City, bicycle commuting rose as bike network expanded from 2008 to 2013 •  Has risen by 300% since 2000. Graphic: NYC Dept. of Transportation Mobility Bicycling  grows  as  bike  networks  are  improved  
  • 7. A Virtuous Cycle •  Walking and biking households spend more locally than drivers •  Presence of local businesses improves attraction of street •  Result: more and safer walking Improved   Street   Design   Improved   Safety   More   Walking/ Biking   Stronger   Local  Retail   Support  for   Street   Design   Economic Vitality
  • 8. •  Projects are not intuitive to all businesses •  Working closely with groups of small retailers or with primary stakeholders can overcome these concerns Economic Vitality
  • 9. Pedestrian  space  and  bike   connec7vity  at  a  transit  hub  and  park   Union Square North, Manhattan Retail vacancies cut in half Travel times unchanged Injury crashes down by 26% Source: NYC Dept. of Transportation
  • 10. Pearl Street Plaza, Brooklyn Retail   Sales  up   172%   Locally-­‐designed  plaza  replaces  empty  asphalt,  providing  focal   point  for  a  neighborhood  in  transi7on  from  industrial  to  mixed-­‐use   Source: NYC Dept. of Transportation
  • 11. 9th Avenue Protected Bike Lanes Retail   Sales  up   49%   Injuries   down   58%   2,200   bikes  per   day   Source: NYC Dept. of Transportation Protected  Bike  Lane  replaces  one  lane  of   mixed  traffic,  adding  pedestrian  refuges   and  greening  the  street.    
  • 13. Brighton New Road Pedestrian   volume  up   62%   Car  speeds   down  to  20   kph   “Staying   acQviQes”  up   600%   Source: Gehl Architects Shared  Street  design  allows  deliveries  and  bicycling  on  a  pedestrian-­‐ dominated  retail  street    
  • 14. West Palm Beach, Florida Retail   occupancy   at  80%   Downtown  revitaliza7on  with  safe  street  designs  as  a  centerpiece