Presentation on Dutch urban wind testing and experiences by Sander Mertens, Ingreenious. The presentation was part of the Urban Wind Roundtable at the Consulate General of the Netherlands in San Francisco, March 16, 2011.

1. Urban Wind Energy
Round table San Francisco
dr. Sander Mertens
www.ingreenious.com | Ingreenious BV, Delft, The Netherlands | +31 654981335

2. ABOUT INGREENIOUS
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 2

3. Wind assessments
Measurements (Measure
Correlate Predict analysis)
or desktop studies, Wind
maps
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 3

4. Design Wind
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 4

5. Capture wind
Certification,
Data processing/ data analysis
with proprietary software
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 5

6. Integrated
approach
Estimate
wind OK? Abandon
the site!
Design • Delft University of
wind technology facilities.
– Wind tunnel
– Students
• CFD partner
Capture • Metmast installation
wind partner.
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 6

7. Us
• First technical book urban wind energy
• Roadmap Small wind turbines with NREL
• Recommended practice small wind
turbines IEA
• One of the first projects with rooftop
wind turbines in Portland
• Wind assessment Toronto Community
Housing corporation
• Set up Dutch certification
• Evaluation test results open air test site
Schoondijke, The Netherlands
• PhD:„Wind Energy in the Built
Environment‟
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 7

8. WIND TURBINE PERFORMANCE
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9. Efficiency
See article in Renewable Energy World,
Volume 11 • Issue 3 • May/June 2008 or
www.ingreenious.com
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 9

10. Performance?
… www.allsmallwindturbines.com
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 10

11. So, …, measurements are
needed!
• As design assistance for manufacturers*. These
results should not be published!
• For potential buyers, to inform them and replace
commercial talks with proof.
* Certification is only useful if the design is finished. With changes, you
need to certify again.
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 11

12. URBAN WIND SPEED
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13. Large wakes
Photo: NASA. Landsat 7 image of clouds off the Chilean coast near the
Juan Fernandez Islands (also known as the Robinson Crusoe Islands) on
September 15, 1999
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 13

14. Turbulence
=
+
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15. MEASUREMENTS SCHOONDIJKE
(NL)
Ingreenious | 11-12 August, 2010; Sheet 15

16. Measured effect turbulence
Pt/Pl
In the wake of a village (Pt)
compared to grassland (Pl)
at test site Schoondijke
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 16

17. So, …, measurements in
turbulence are needed!
• Official certification protocols provide no measurements of
the effect of turbulence, yet small wind turbines are mostly
located in turbulent wind!
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 17

18. Extreme differences
Schoondijke
results
P
Ingreenious | 11-12 August, 2010; Sheet 18

19. So, …, explanation is needed!
• The rating in kW is not so important, but the produced kWh
per square meter swept rotor area per year means a lot.
Say What?
• Explain the measurement results so that they can be
understood by potential buyers and so that they are able to
compare various wind turbines
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 19

20. So what‟s next?
• Make an affordable “Treasure Island test” that allows to
compare the wind turbine with others.
• Some manufacturers do not want to measure performance,
they want to sell and sometimes is helps that people do not
understand! Allow them to sell if the have measured the
performance according to the Treasure Island test.
Ingreenious | 11-12 August, 2010; Sheet 20

21. CONCENTRATOR BUILDINGS
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22. Three aerodynamic principles
• At/ beside buildings (various rooftop installations)
• In a duct through a building (Pearl River Tower,
Elephant and Castle)
• Between airfoil-shaped buildings (Bahrein WTC)
Bluff body aerodynamic body
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 22

23. Contact details
Sander Mertens PhD MSc BEng
Ingreenious B.V.
PO Box 711
2270 AS Voorburg
The Netherlands
Mobile: +31 6 5498 1335
Site: www.ingreenious.com
E-Mail: sandermertens@ingreenious.com
Ingreenious | March 2011, Sheet 23