Media Pluralism in Australia – Lessons from ‘Down Under’
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Dr Sally Young Associate Professor and Reader, School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne s.young@unimelb.edu.au For an international audience, Australia is a case-study of what can go wrong in media policy-making and why media ownership concentration – including in the newspaper industry - still matters despite the rise of the internet and online news outlets. more info: http://cmpf.eui.eu/seminars/australia-media-ownership.aspx
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Media Pluralism in Australia – Lessons from ‘Down Under’
- 1. Media Pluralism in Australia – Lessons from ‘Down Under’ Dr Sally Young Associate Professor and Reader, School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne s.young@unimelb.edu.au
- 2. Australia • Population of 22.5 million • 18th largest economy in the world • 6th largest country in the world • Ranks 2nd (behind Norway) on the United Nations’ Human Development Index • Culturally diverse • Economically strong
- 4. Australia If you want to know more about AFL ‘football’, YouTube ‘AFL explained’
- 5. Australian politics • One of the few countries to have continuously been a democracy since the early 1900s. • Compulsory voting (attendance) • High registered voter turn-out (94%) • Federal, state and local governments • House of Representatives and a Senate
- 6. Australian politics II • Voting method = the alternative vote for the HoR and PR for the Senate • 1) Australian Labor Party v 2) Liberal and National parties (Coalition)
- 7. Australian politics III • First female Prime Minister (Julia Gillard, ALP) in 2010(-2013) • Current conservative government and Prime Minister is Tony Abbott
- 8. Australian media • 2 major newspaper owners – News Corporation Australia & Fairfax Media • Public broadcaster – ABC • 3 free-to-air commercial TV broadcasters (7, 9 & 10) • Monopoly pay TV provider (Foxtel) • Commercial, community and local radio • Online – existing companies plus new
- 9. Year Media policy event 1927 Royal Commission on Wireless. 1932 Establishment of the ABC. 1953-54 Royal Commission on Television. 1955 Granting of first television licences by the Menzies government. 1976 Establishment of the Australian Press Council. 1986-87 Cross media ownership laws (the Hawke-Keating government). 1992 Broadcasting Services Act 1992 liberalises regulation. 1993-95 First pay TV (subscription) licenses granted. 1999-2000 Existing free-to-air TV channels provided with free digital spectrum. 2005-06 Howard government repeal of cross-media and foreign ownership restrictions 2009 Rudd government revised policy for a National Broadband Network. 2012 Independent Inquiry into the Media and Media Regulation (Finkelstein inquiry).
- 10. 1975 reporting of press council proposal
- 11. Factors • ‘Media mates’ thesis • Lack of public interest/knowledge about media policies • Lack of journalistic scrutiny • Impaired public debate • Vicious cycle of media concentration
- 12. Examples of political impact • 1972 election • 1975 election • Iraq and 2004 election • Climate change, immigration and industrial relations • Labor government 2007-2013 • 2013 election
- 13. 2012 reporting of media accountability (Finkelstein) inquiry
- 15. The 2013 federal election
- 16. Day 1 of the election campaign – 4 August 2013.
- 23. The day after Abbott’s election victory - The Sunday Mail, 8 September 2013