Interlinking Online Communities and Enriching Social Software with the Semantic Web Uldis Boj ā rs 1 , Alexandre Passant 2 , John Breslin 1 1 Digital Enterprise Research Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway 2 LaLIC, Université Paris-Sorbonne / Electricité de France R&D World Wide Web Conference / Beijing, China / 21st April 2008

URL for the presentation Full presentation file (40 MB!): http://url.ie/bwk Uploading to SlideShare for web browsing: http://www.slideshare.net/Cloud

Full presentation file (40 MB!):

http://url.ie/bwk

Uploading to SlideShare for web browsing:

http://www.slideshare.net/Cloud

Summary Overview of the SIOC Project From Disconnected Communities to Interlinked-Online Communities Creating Semantic Web Data from Social Media Sites Using SIOC with Other Ontologies Finding, Reusing and Searching Semantic Web Data Produced by the Social Web Browsing, Exploring and Consuming Semantic Web Data Portable Data and Re-Use of SIOC Data Industry Applications of Semantic Technologies for Online Communities Leveraging Content Semantics in Social Software

Overview of the SIOC Project

From Disconnected Communities to Interlinked-Online Communities

Creating Semantic Web Data from Social Media Sites

Using SIOC with Other Ontologies

Finding, Reusing and Searching Semantic Web Data Produced by the Social Web

Browsing, Exploring and Consuming Semantic Web Data

Portable Data and Re-Use of SIOC Data

Industry Applications of Semantic Technologies for Online Communities

Leveraging Content Semantics in Social Software

Who are we? Alexandre Passant PhD student, Semantic Web researcher LaLIC, Université Paris-Sorbonne / Electricité de France R&D John Breslin Social software researcher, adjunct lecturer DERI, National University of Ireland, Galway Uldis Bojārs Semantic Web researcher, PhD student DERI, National University of Ireland, Galway

Alexandre Passant

PhD student, Semantic Web researcher

LaLIC, Université Paris-Sorbonne / Electricité de France R&D

John Breslin

Social software researcher, adjunct lecturer

DERI, National University of Ireland, Galway

Uldis Bojārs

Semantic Web researcher, PhD student

DERI, National University of Ireland, Galway

1. Overview of the SIOC Project John Breslin

timbl on the Semantic Web and online communities “ I think we could have both Semantic Web technology supporting online communities , but at the same time also online communities can support Semantic Web data by being the sources of people voluntarily connecting things together .” Sir Tim Berners-Lee, podcast interview during ISWC 2005 http://esw.w3.org/topic/IswcPodcast

“ I think we could have both Semantic Web technology supporting online communities , but at the same time also online communities can support Semantic Web data by being the sources of people voluntarily connecting things together .”

Sir Tim Berners-Lee, podcast interview during ISWC 2005

http://esw.w3.org/topic/IswcPodcast

The Semantic Web in brief “ The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation” - Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila, Scientific American, May 2001 A common model to describe data in a machine-readable way: RDF (Resource Description Framework) RDF statements are triples (subject predicate object): WWW2008 isA Conference . SIOC isA CoolProject . Common semantics for this data, using ontologies: “ An ontology is a specification of a conceptualisation” - Tom Gruber RDFS (RDF Schema) OWL (Web Ontology Language) The Semantic Web FAQ: http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/SW-FAQ

“ The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation” - Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila, Scientific American, May 2001

A common model to describe data in a machine-readable way:

RDF (Resource Description Framework)

RDF statements are triples (subject predicate object):

WWW2008 isA Conference .

SIOC isA CoolProject .

Common semantics for this data, using ontologies:

“ An ontology is a specification of a conceptualisation” - Tom Gruber

RDFS (RDF Schema)

OWL (Web Ontology Language)

The Semantic Web FAQ:

http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/SW-FAQ

The (evolving) Semantic Web layer cake http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png

http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png

Vision

The aims of SIOC To “semantically-interlink online communities” To fully describe the content and structure of community sites To create new connections between online discussion posts and items, forums and containers To enable the integration of online community information To browse connected Social Web items in interesting and innovative ways To overcome a chicken-and-egg problem with the Semantic Web Add a social aspect to the Semantic Web

To “semantically-interlink online communities”

To fully describe the content and structure of community sites

To create new connections between online discussion posts and items, forums and containers

To enable the integration of online community information

To browse connected Social Web items in interesting and innovative ways

To overcome a chicken-and-egg problem with the Semantic Web

Add a social aspect to the Semantic Web

The steps involved Develop an ontology of terms for representing rich data from the Social Web Create a food chain for producing, collecting and consuming SIOC data from open-source discussion systems and popular community sites As well dissemination via academic papers about SIOC, provide easy-to-read documentation and usage examples at sioc-project.org SIOC aims to enrich the Web infrastructure: During the next upgrade cycle, gigabytes of community data become available!

Develop an ontology of terms for representing rich data from the Social Web

Create a food chain for producing, collecting and consuming SIOC data from open-source discussion systems and popular community sites

As well dissemination via academic papers about SIOC, provide easy-to-read documentation and usage examples at sioc-project.org

SIOC aims to enrich the Web infrastructure:

During the next upgrade cycle, gigabytes of community data become available!

The SIOC ontology The main classes and properties are:

The main classes and properties are:

The SIOC food chain

Dissemination

Quotes about SIOC “ I […] think the concept is HOT” – Robert Douglass, Drupal Developer “ It just dawned on me that the burgeoning SIOC-o-sphere (online communities exporting and exposing content via SIOC Ontology) is actually: Blogosphere 2.0” – Kingsley Idehen, Founder and CEO of OpenLink Software “ SIOC has the potential to become one of the foundational vocabularies that make Semantic Web applications useful” – Ivan Herman, W3C / ERCIM “ A project that started back in 2000 called Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF) represents relationships between people, as well as basic contact details. SIOC does this for groups: it extends the FOAF idea to being able to talk about whole groups of people. I am excited about SIOC because you can use that information to determine trust, to let people in.” – Tim Berners-Lee, Creator of the World Wide Web

“ I […] think the concept is HOT” – Robert Douglass, Drupal Developer

“ It just dawned on me that the burgeoning SIOC-o-sphere (online communities exporting and exposing content via SIOC Ontology) is actually: Blogosphere 2.0” – Kingsley Idehen, Founder and CEO of OpenLink Software

“ SIOC has the potential to become one of the foundational vocabularies that make Semantic Web applications useful” – Ivan Herman, W3C / ERCIM

“ A project that started back in 2000 called Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF) represents relationships between people, as well as basic contact details. SIOC does this for groups: it extends the FOAF idea to being able to talk about whole groups of people. I am excited about SIOC because you can use that information to determine trust, to let people in.” – Tim Berners-Lee, Creator of the World Wide Web

Number of SIOC documents pinged via PingTheSemanticWeb

What SIOC is not? An ontology to describe the content of social media contributions: Need to use dedicated ontologies A way to automagically translate non-semantic social data to RDF: Need to write and use exporters A model to describe physical people that contribute to social media websites: This is the role of FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend) An axiomatisation of a domain

An ontology to describe the content of social media contributions:

Need to use dedicated ontologies

A way to automagically translate non-semantic social data to RDF:

Need to write and use exporters

A model to describe physical people that contribute to social media websites:

This is the role of FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend)

An axiomatisation of a domain

2. From Disconnected Communities to Interlinked-Online Communities Alexandre Passant

What are online communities? People form online communities by combining one-to-one (e.g. e-mail and instant messaging), one-to-many (web pages and blogs) and many-to-many (forums, wikis) forms of communication Pre-Web and Web 1.0: BBS services Mailing lists USENET Web-based bulletin boards Web 2.0: Multi-forum sites Online social networks Weblogs Wikis Microblogging Social tagging services

People form online communities by combining one-to-one (e.g. e-mail and instant messaging), one-to-many (web pages and blogs) and many-to-many (forums, wikis) forms of communication

Pre-Web and Web 1.0:

BBS services

Mailing lists

USENET

Web-based bulletin boards

Web 2.0:

Multi-forum sites

Online social networks

Weblogs

Wikis

Microblogging

Social tagging services

Evolution of online community sites Online community sites: Provide a valuable source of information May contain rich meta-information But are isolated from one another: Many sites discussing complementary topics How to relate and interlink them? Next steps: Connect sites together Add more value: Let other sites know more about the structure and contents Make more use of tagging and semantic metadata

Online community sites:

Provide a valuable source of information

May contain rich meta-information

But are isolated from one another:

Many sites discussing complementary topics

How to relate and interlink them?

Next steps:

Connect sites together

Add more value:

Let other sites know more about the structure and contents

Make more use of tagging and semantic metadata

Existing connections using RSS, Atom syndication First step towards connecting online community sites: More visibility through aggregation and search Allow one to subscribe to distributed items Benefits: Good tool support: RSS readers, APIs, etc. Many consumers Shortcomings: Little information about structure of the site or community: Mainly represent items, not users nor the container Feeds typically include only last five to 20 items: How can we access information about the whole site?

First step towards connecting online community sites:

More visibility through aggregation and search

Allow one to subscribe to distributed items

Benefits:

Good tool support:

RSS readers, APIs, etc.

Many consumers

Shortcomings:

Little information about structure of the site or community:

Mainly represent items, not users nor the container

Feeds typically include only last five to 20 items:

How can we access information about the whole site?

Many different kinds of online communities: Social networks Discussion groups Message boards ... Each community is a closed world / walled garden: Moving / reusing data from one community on another? Interlinking networks? Inviting friends? Disconnected communities

Many different kinds of online communities:

Social networks

Discussion groups

Message boards

...

Each community is a closed world / walled garden:

Moving / reusing data from one community on another?

Interlinking networks?

Inviting friends?

Need ways to connect these islands * Source: Pidgin Technologies, www.pidgintech.com

A need for common semantics Communities should provide their data in a common, machine-understandable way: RDF (resource description framework) as a data layer One single format for all the data Different transport layers (RDF/XML, N3, etc.) ‏ The base of the Semantic Web Communities should use common semantics to define this data: Avoiding the use of proprietary APIs Since this means that they can talk together, exchange information, using the same modelling layer for their data Using SIOC for representing content and actions Using FOAF for representing people and networks

Communities should provide their data in a common, machine-understandable way:

RDF (resource description framework) as a data layer

One single format for all the data

Different transport layers (RDF/XML, N3, etc.) ‏

The base of the Semantic Web

Communities should use common semantics to define this data:

Avoiding the use of proprietary APIs

Since this means that they can talk together, exchange information, using the same modelling layer for their data

Using SIOC for representing content and actions

Using FOAF for representing people and networks

What is required to represent a community? Represent the data, not only documents: From the WWW to a “GGG”, hyperlinks to semantic relationships A model for all the aspects of a community: Users accounts, groups and roles: Reader, reviewer, moderator Content and types: A blog, a blog post, a bulletin board, a wiki page, etc. Actions between users and content: Uldis creates a post, Alex comments on it, John moderates it A model for the entire content: Any data: RSS 1.0 and Atom limited to syndication / latest posts Any user and relationship: new user, new post, replies, etc.

Represent the data, not only documents:

From the WWW to a “GGG”, hyperlinks to semantic relationships

A model for all the aspects of a community:

Users accounts, groups and roles:

Reader, reviewer, moderator

Content and types:

A blog, a blog post, a bulletin board, a wiki page, etc.

Actions between users and content:

Uldis creates a post, Alex comments on it, John moderates it

A model for the entire content:

Any data: RSS 1.0 and Atom limited to syndication / latest posts

Any user and relationship: new user, new post, replies, etc.

Representing community data with SIOC Using SIOC as an ontology to represent the activities of online communities on the Web: Namespace: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns Five top-level classes: User / Role / Space / Container / Item A “SIOC Types” module for Social Web content Action: A user posts an item in a container A Semantic Web citizen: Reusing and interlinking existing ontologies Not reinventing the wheel (connects to DC, FOAF, etc.): http://www.w3.org/Submission/2007/SUBM-sioc-related-20070612/

Using SIOC as an ontology to represent the activities of online communities on the Web:

Namespace: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns

Five top-level classes: User / Role / Space / Container / Item

A “SIOC Types” module for Social Web content

Action: A user posts an item in a container

A Semantic Web citizen:

Reusing and interlinking existing ontologies

Not reinventing the wheel (connects to DC, FOAF, etc.):

http://www.w3.org/Submission/2007/SUBM-sioc-related-20070612/

Example of SIOC data Alex wrote a post on his WordPress blog: :myblogpost rdf:type sioc:Post ; dc:title “I’m blogging this” ; sioc:has_creator :alex ; sioc:has_container :mywpblog . :mywpblog rdf:type sioc: Forum .

Alex wrote a post on his WordPress blog:

:myblogpost rdf:type sioc:Post ;

dc:title “I’m blogging this” ;

sioc:has_creator :alex ;

sioc:has_container :mywpblog .

:mywpblog rdf:type sioc: Forum .

The same model for any website John wrote a post on his Drupal-powered site : :myblogpost rdf:type sioc:Post ; dc:title “Another blog post” ; sioc:has_creator :john ; sioc:has_container :mydrupal . :mydrupal rdf:type sioc: Forum .

John wrote a post on his Drupal-powered site :

:myblogpost rdf:type sioc:Post ;

dc:title “Another blog post” ;

sioc:has_creator :john ;

sioc:has_container :mydrupal .

:mydrupal rdf:type sioc: Forum .

Interlinking communities Since all communities can use the same model to define their data, it is easy to link them from a data point of view Interlinking: URIs are used to define things and created objects A post on blog “A” can be semantically linked to a post on blog “B” Using SPARQL to query data: Can perform unified queries no matter where the data comes from No need to learn new APIs from data providers: Standard queries for RDF data rather than APIs SPARQL is a W3C recommendation : http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/

Since all communities can use the same model to define their data, it is easy to link them from a data point of view

Interlinking:

URIs are used to define things and created objects

A post on blog “A” can be semantically linked to a post on blog “B”

Using SPARQL to query data:

Can perform unified queries no matter where the data comes from

No need to learn new APIs from data providers:

Standard queries for RDF data rather than APIs

SPARQL is a W3C recommendation :

http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/

Linking people to user accounts FOAF is the main vocabulary used to represent people: http://foaf-project.org foaf:Person class: “ The foaf:Person class represents people. Something is a foaf:Person if it is a person.” foaf:holdsAccount property: “ The foaf:holdsAccount property relates a foaf:Agent to a foaf:OnlineAccount for which they are the sole account holder.” Linking people to user accounts: sioc:User rdfs:subClassOf foaf:onlineAccount Links a foaf:Person to various sioc:User(s) As many sioc:User(s) as required can be linked to a single person One people, various identities

FOAF is the main vocabulary used to represent people:

http://foaf-project.org

foaf:Person class:

“ The foaf:Person class represents people. Something is a foaf:Person if it is a person.”

foaf:holdsAccount property:

“ The foaf:holdsAccount property relates a foaf:Agent to a foaf:OnlineAccount for which they are the sole account holder.”

Linking people to user accounts:

sioc:User rdfs:subClassOf foaf:onlineAccount

Links a foaf:Person to various sioc:User(s)

As many sioc:User(s) as required can be linked to a single person

One people, various identities

Representing users and online accounts The sioc:User class: An online user account Can be thought of as a virtual representation of any person online, within the context of a given social media website or community A subclass of foaf:OnlineAccount Users create and manage content: has_creator and has_modifier properties :blogpost123 sioc:has_creator :john A user can have roles on a given container: (Moderator, Forum 1) ← User A (Contributor, Blog 2) ← User B

The sioc:User class:

An online user account

Can be thought of as a virtual representation of any person online, within the context of a given social media website or community

A subclass of foaf:OnlineAccount

Users create and manage content:

has_creator and has_modifier properties

:blogpost123 sioc:has_creator :john

A user can have roles on a given container:

(Moderator, Forum 1) ← User A

(Contributor, Blog 2) ← User B

A person and their user accounts

3. Creating Semantic Web Data from Social Media Sites Uldis Bojārs

Producing SW d ata from s ocial m edia s ites We use SIOC as a common framework / data model for expressing s ocial m edia data on the Semantic Web : http://rdfs.org/sioc/spec/ http://rdfs.org/sioc/related/ The “ SIOC Types ” module: Additional classes and properties for expressing different kinds of s ocial m edia / Web 2.0 content Connects SIOC with domain-specific ontologies Reus e existing ontologies: Dublin Core, FOAF, SKOS, etc.

We use SIOC as a common framework / data model for expressing s ocial m edia data on the Semantic Web :

http://rdfs.org/sioc/spec/

http://rdfs.org/sioc/related/

The “ SIOC Types ” module:

Additional classes and properties for expressing different kinds of s ocial m edia / Web 2.0 content

Connects SIOC with domain-specific ontologies

Reus e existing ontologies:

Dublin Core, FOAF, SKOS, etc.

The SIOC ontology The main classes and properties are:

The main classes and properties are:

SIOC d ata p roducers SIOC a pplications l ist : http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/ > 20 a pplications for p roducing SIOC d ata : F ree and o pen s ource SIOC e xport t ools for: Blogs and forums: WordPress, phpBB, Drupal, b2evolution “ Legacy” applications: m ailing lists, IRC New media: Twitter, Jaiku , Facebook, Flickr Enterprise applications: CWE (collaborative work environments)

SIOC a pplications l ist :

http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/

> 20 a pplications for p roducing SIOC d ata :

F ree and o pen s ource

SIOC e xport t ools for:

Blogs and forums: WordPress, phpBB, Drupal, b2evolution

“ Legacy” applications: m ailing lists, IRC

New media: Twitter, Jaiku , Facebook, Flickr

Enterprise applications: CWE (collaborative work environments)

Case studies WordPress SIOC Exporter: http://sioc-project.org/wordpress First SIOC plugin created, custom built vBulletin and phpBB SIOC Exporters: http://wiki.sioc-project.org/index.php/VBSIOC http://sioc-project.org/phpbb Uses SIOC API for PHP

WordPress SIOC Exporter:

http://sioc-project.org/wordpress

First SIOC plugin created, custom built

vBulletin and phpBB SIOC Exporters:

http://wiki.sioc-project.org/index.php/VBSIOC

http://sioc-project.org/phpbb

Uses SIOC API for PHP

Overview of WordPress SIOC Exporter Installation: Download from http://sioc-project.org/wordpress “ Drop” two files into the WordPress plugins folder Go to the administrator’s user interface Plugins -> SIOC Plugin -> “Activate” SIOC data created for every page: Data describing all blog posts, comments, users, etc. SIOC data can be discovered via RDF autodiscovery links: <link rel=&quot;meta&quot; type=&quot;application/rdf+xml&quot; title=&quot;SIOC&quot; href=&quot;http://www.johnbreslin.com/blog/index.php?sioc_type=site&quot; /> Data can be explored or crawled using existing Semantic Web applications

Installation:

Download from http://sioc-project.org/wordpress

“ Drop” two files into the WordPress plugins folder

Go to the administrator’s user interface

Plugins -> SIOC Plugin -> “Activate”

SIOC data created for every page:

Data describing all blog posts, comments, users, etc.

SIOC data can be discovered via RDF autodiscovery links:

<link rel=&quot;meta&quot; type=&quot;application/rdf+xml&quot; title=&quot;SIOC&quot; href=&quot;http://www.johnbreslin.com/blog/index.php?sioc_type=site&quot; />

Data can be explored or crawled using existing Semantic Web applications

Sample export of SIOC data from WordPress

RDF data from the WordPress SIOC Exporter, displayed in the SIOC RDF Browser

RDF data from the WordPress SIOC Exporter, displayed in the SIOC RDF Browser

SIOC export APIs Benefits: Hides the complexity from application developers Can be used by people who are not Semantic Web experts Automatically updated according to changes in the SIOC ontology and best practices documents Existing SIOC APIs: Java Perl (new!) PHP (most used) RDFa on Rails See “2.1 SIOC APIs” in http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/

Benefits:

Hides the complexity from application developers

Can be used by people who are not Semantic Web experts

Automatically updated according to changes in the SIOC ontology and best practices documents

Existing SIOC APIs:

Java

Perl (new!)

PHP (most used)

RDFa on Rails

See “2.1 SIOC APIs” in http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/

Overview of vBulletin and phpBB SIOC Exporters There is a large amount of structured related information contained within message boards, and this can be leveraged in interesting ways by exposing the semantic data for new applications Exporters have been developed for commercial (vBulletin) and open-source (phpBB) message board systems, bringing these islands together and allowing conversations on topics that are taking place across various sites vBulletin and phpBB SIOC Exporters are based on the SIOC API for PHP: http://wiki.sioc-project.org/index.php/PHPExportAPI

There is a large amount of structured related information contained within message boards, and this can be leveraged in interesting ways by exposing the semantic data for new applications

Exporters have been developed for commercial (vBulletin) and open-source (phpBB) message board systems, bringing these islands together and allowing conversations on topics that are taking place across various sites

vBulletin and phpBB SIOC Exporters are based on the SIOC API for PHP:

http://wiki.sioc-project.org/index.php/PHPExportAPI

Sample export of SIOC data from vBulleti n

Sample export of SIOC data from vBulleti n (2)

SIOC competition with boards.ie boards.ie has been publishing social graph information online using FOAF since 2004 With its 10 years of discussions, boards.ie can serve as a rich source of SIOC data for the Social Semantic Web: The data to be “SIOC-ified” is already all publicly viewable, but it is difficult to leverage without any added semantics due to the fact that it is embedded in heavily-styled HTML pages DERI are sponsoring a competition with prizes (the top prize is €3000) for whoever is judged to have produced the most interesting application(s) that makes use of the SIOC data exported from boards.ie To enter, go to http://data.sioc-project.org

boards.ie has been publishing social graph information online using FOAF since 2004

With its 10 years of discussions, boards.ie can serve as a rich source of SIOC data for the Social Semantic Web:

The data to be “SIOC-ified” is already all publicly viewable, but it is difficult to leverage without any added semantics due to the fact that it is embedded in heavily-styled HTML pages

DERI are sponsoring a competition with prizes (the top prize is €3000) for whoever is judged to have produced the most interesting application(s) that makes use of the SIOC data exported from boards.ie

To enter, go to http://data.sioc-project.org

Creating your own exporters Use SIOC API(s) if possible: Or create new APIs to contribute back to the community Creating RDF data is easy: Use the plugin API provided by the host system Collect required information from the host (CMS) system Create in-memory RDF or object model (optional) Serialise RDF data (using RDF API or print templates) Seek help from the SIOC developer community: http://sioc-project.org/ or SIOC-Dev mailing list or #sioc on IRC (irc.freenode.net)

Use SIOC API(s) if possible:

Or create new APIs to contribute back to the community

Creating RDF data is easy:

Use the plugin API provided by the host system

Collect required information from the host (CMS) system

Create in-memory RDF or object model (optional)

Serialise RDF data (using RDF API or print templates)

Seek help from the SIOC developer community:

http://sioc-project.org/ or SIOC-Dev mailing list or #sioc on IRC (irc.freenode.net)

Things to consider URIs to use for SIOC concepts: Developer needs to choose URIs to use and to supply them to SIOC API calls Linked data from SIOC tools: http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html Choice of URIs is important To use HTTP content negotiation or not? Do you need to use any domain-specific ontologies? Structured data within content items Multimedia, etc. External or embedded metadata?

URIs to use for SIOC concepts:

Developer needs to choose URIs to use and to supply them to SIOC API calls

Linked data from SIOC tools:

http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

Choice of URIs is important

To use HTTP content negotiation or not?

Do you need to use any domain-specific ontologies?

Structured data within content items

Multimedia, etc.

External or embedded metadata?

Explore more producers of SIOC data Sioku: SIOC data from Jaiku microblogging service http://sioku.sioc-project.org/ SWAML: Exports mailing list archives in RDF http://swaml.berlios.de/ OpenLink DataSpaces: Uses SIOC as a representation format for multiple social spaces http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/wiki/main/Main/OdsIndex/ Use the Semantic Radar extension for Firefox for detecting / exploring SIOC data: http://sioc-project.org/firefox

Sioku:

SIOC data from Jaiku microblogging service

http://sioku.sioc-project.org/

SWAML:

Exports mailing list archives in RDF

http://swaml.berlios.de/

OpenLink DataSpaces:

Uses SIOC as a representation format for multiple social spaces

http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/wiki/main/Main/OdsIndex/

Use the Semantic Radar extension for Firefox for detecting / exploring SIOC data:

http://sioc-project.org/firefox

4. Using SIOC with Other Ontologies Uldis Boj ārs

SIOC and its friends

SIOC and FOAF are used together FOAF is the main vocabulary used to represent people: http://foaf-project.org foaf:Person class: “ The foaf:Person class represents people. Something is a foaf:Person if it is a person.” foaf:holdsAccount property: “ The foaf:holdsAccount property relates a foaf:Agent to a foaf:OnlineAccount for which they are the sole account holder.” Linking people to user accounts: sioc:User rdfs:subClassOf foaf:onlineAccount Links a foaf:Person to various sioc:User(s) As many sioc:User(s) as required can be linked to a single person One people, various identities

FOAF is the main vocabulary used to represent people:

http://foaf-project.org

foaf:Person class:

“ The foaf:Person class represents people. Something is a foaf:Person if it is a person.”

foaf:holdsAccount property:

“ The foaf:holdsAccount property relates a foaf:Agent to a foaf:OnlineAccount for which they are the sole account holder.”

Linking people to user accounts:

sioc:User rdfs:subClassOf foaf:onlineAccount

Links a foaf:Person to various sioc:User(s)

As many sioc:User(s) as required can be linked to a single person

One people, various identities

A person and their user accounts

Add SKOS for topics and categories Interlinking using common categories: Share tags and topics across different content SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organisation System): http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ A vocabulary to describe controlled vocabularies Used in the “Tag Ontology”: http://www.holygoat.co.uk/projects/tags/

Interlinking using common categories:

Share tags and topics across different content

SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organisation System):

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/

A vocabulary to describe controlled vocabularies

Used in the “Tag Ontology”:

http://www.holygoat.co.uk/projects/tags/

Interlinking content with SKOS skos:isSubjectOf sioc:topic

skos:isSubjectOf

sioc:topic

Interlinking content items Can create direct links between instances of sioc:Item: Link from a blog post to a bulletin board page sioc:related_to, sioc:links_to Interlinking using common categories: SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organisation System): http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ Interlink using existing URIs as topics: geonames.org , DBpedia, Revyu MOAT (Meaning of a Tag) simplifies linking content to such URIs: http://moat-project.org/

Can create direct links between instances of sioc:Item:

Link from a blog post to a bulletin board page

sioc:related_to, sioc:links_to

Interlinking using common categories:

SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organisation System):

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/

Interlink using existing URIs as topics:

geonames.org , DBpedia, Revyu

MOAT (Meaning of a Tag) simplifies linking content to such URIs:

http://moat-project.org/

… can connect us to other people Discussions Bookmarks Annotations Profiles Microblogs Multimedia … Various types of content we create and consume…

Discussions

Bookmarks

Annotations

Profiles

Microblogs

Multimedia

…

The “SIOC Types” module Ontology m odule : E xtends the SIOC ontology SIOC Types: Defines subclasses and subproperties of core SIOC terms for various types of Social Web content items and containers

Ontology m odule :

E xtends the SIOC ontology

SIOC Types:

Defines subclasses and subproperties of core SIOC terms for various types of Social Web content items and containers

Sample classes from the “SIOC Types” module Weblog: Describes a weblog (blog), i.e. an online journal BlogPost: Describes a post that is specifically made on a weblog Comment: Comment is a subtype of sioc:Post and allows one to explicitly indicate that a particular post is a comment Note that comments have a narrower scope than sioc:Post and may not apply to all types of community site

Weblog:

Describes a weblog (blog), i.e. an online journal

BlogPost:

Describes a post that is specifically made on a weblog

Comment:

Comment is a subtype of sioc:Post and allows one to explicitly indicate that a particular post is a comment

Note that comments have a narrower scope than sioc:Post and may not apply to all types of community site

Sample classes from the “SIOC Types” module (2) ImageGallery: An image gallery, for example, a photo album containing exif:IFD instances AddressBook: A collection of personal or organisational addresses, e.g. foaf:Person (foaf:Agent) or vCard instances ReviewArea: An area where reviews are posted, using the Rev or Review vocabularies ResumeBank: A collection of resumes, e.g. as defined using Resume-RDF

ImageGallery:

An image gallery, for example, a photo album containing exif:IFD instances

AddressBook:

A collection of personal or organisational addresses, e.g. foaf:Person (foaf:Agent) or vCard instances

ReviewArea:

An area where reviews are posted, using the Rev or Review vocabularies

ResumeBank:

A collection of resumes, e.g. as defined using Resume-RDF

Extending the SIOC data model with SIOC Types John wrote a post on his Drupal-powered blog: :myblogpost rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ; dc:title “Another blog post” ; sioc:has_creator :john ; sioc:has_container :mydrupal . :mydrupal rdf:type sioct:Blog .

John wrote a post on his Drupal-powered blog:

:myblogpost rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ;

dc:title “Another blog post” ;

sioc:has_creator :john ;

sioc:has_container :mydrupal .

:mydrupal rdf:type sioct:Blog .

Using SIOC Types to represent Flickr data Uldis owns a photo gallery on Flickr: :myitempost rdf:type exif:IFD ; dc:title “Another posted picture” ; sioc:has_creator :uldis ; sioc:has_container :myflickrgallery . :myflickrgallery rdf:type sioct:ImageGallery . Reusing external vocabularies (e.g. EXIF) to define item types

Uldis owns a photo gallery on Flickr:

:myitempost rdf:type exif:IFD ;

dc:title “Another posted picture” ;

sioc:has_creator :uldis ;

sioc:has_container :myflickrgallery .

:myflickrgallery rdf:type sioct:ImageGallery .

Reusing external vocabularies (e.g. EXIF) to define item types

FlickrRDF using SIOC, FOAF, SIOC Types, Geo

Reviews (structured blog posts) described with linked data from SIOC and other ontologies Mapping from the hReview microformat to RDF ontologies: Dublin Core, SIOC, SIOC Types, Review, Creative Commons cc:license licence sioc:link, URL permalink sioc:topic tags sioc:content, rev:text description rev:rating rating dcterms:created dtreviewed foaf:maker, foaf:Person, rev:reviewer reviewer sioc:about item info Classes linked from SIOC Types item type dc:title summary RDF field(s) hReview field

Mapping from the hReview microformat to RDF ontologies:

Dublin Core, SIOC, SIOC Types, Review, Creative Commons

5. Finding, Reusing and Searching Semantic Web Data Produced by the Social Web Alex andre Passant

There is a lot of Social Semantic Web data available: From services Via exporters Hand-crafted But it is scattered all around the Web: How do we find, browse, query, reuse it? These need to be addressed: To provide novel applications that can leverage the interlinked nature of this data from the Social Web To show the benefits of RDF and the Semantic Web Motivation for finding and reusing semantic data

There is a lot of Social Semantic Web data available:

From services

Via exporters

Hand-crafted

But it is scattered all around the Web:

How do we find, browse, query, reuse it?

These need to be addressed:

To provide novel applications that can leverage the interlinked nature of this data from the Social Web

To show the benefits of RDF and the Semantic Web

Finding data from the Social SW PingTheSemanticWeb: http://pingthesemanticweb.com A ping service for SW documents REST or XML/RPC Accepts, reads different formats: RDF/XML, N3, Turtle The “blo.gs” of the Semantic Web Various ontologies detected by PTSW: FOAF, DOAP, SIOC, etc. About 1M documents, 3.7M pings “ A Scripting Architecture to Discover and Query Decentralized RDF Data”, The 3rd Workshop on Scripting for the Semantic Web (SFSW 2007), Innsbruck, Austria, June 2007

PingTheSemanticWeb:

http://pingthesemanticweb.com

A ping service for SW documents

REST or XML/RPC

Accepts, reads different formats:

RDF/XML, N3, Turtle

The “blo.gs” of the Semantic Web

Various ontologies detected by PTSW:

FOAF, DOAP, SIOC, etc.

About 1M documents, 3.7M pings

“ A Scripting Architecture to Discover and Query Decentralized RDF Data”, The 3rd Workshop on Scripting for the Semantic Web (SFSW 2007), Innsbruck, Austria, June 2007

Direct ping to PingTheSemanticWeb: Blog engine s : WordPress, Drupal, etc. Services: Revyu, TalkDigger “ Semantic Radar” extension for Firefox: http://sioc-project.org/firefox Easy to setup and use (Firefox extension, auto-update) Support for RDFa! Architecture of participation: just browse the Web Discover Semantic Web documents using RDF autodiscovery links (a popular practice for advertising Atom/RSS and FOAF ): <head> <link rel=&quot;meta&quot; type=&quot;application/rdf+xml&quot; title=&quot;FOAF&quot; href=&quot;http://example.com/people/~you/foaf.rdf&quot;/> </head> Advertising RDF data to PTSW

Direct ping to PingTheSemanticWeb:

Blog engine s : WordPress, Drupal, etc.

Services: Revyu, TalkDigger

“ Semantic Radar” extension for Firefox:

http://sioc-project.org/firefox

Easy to setup and use (Firefox extension, auto-update)

Support for RDFa!

Architecture of participation: just browse the Web

Discover Semantic Web documents using RDF autodiscovery links (a popular practice for advertising Atom/RSS and FOAF ):

<head>

<link rel=&quot;meta&quot; type=&quot;application/rdf+xml&quot; title=&quot;FOAF&quot; href=&quot;http://example.com/people/~you/foaf.rdf&quot;/>

</head>

Semantic Radar in action, sending pings to PTSW Click to view SW data.

Reusing data from PTSW PTSW acts as a central access point for RDF data: Subscribe to the service Ask for recent updates Apply namespace restrictions (e.g. export FOAF only) Get fresh Semantic Web data Concentrate on your tools, rather than on finding the data

PTSW acts as a central access point for RDF data:

Subscribe to the service

Ask for recent updates

Apply namespace restrictions (e.g. export FOAF only)

Get fresh Semantic Web data

Concentrate on your tools, rather than on finding the data

Sindice: Lookup service for Semantic Web documents doap:store: DOAP-based projects directory SWSE, Zitgist, Swoogle: Semantic Web search engines You should be able to write a service after this tutorial  Existing services that can make use of PTSW

Sindice:

Lookup service for Semantic Web documents

doap:store:

DOAP-based projects directory

SWSE, Zitgist, Swoogle:

Semantic Web search engines

You should be able to write a service after this tutorial 

doap:store

Write your own Social Semantic Web application Requirements for applications that store RDF data Find data: Subscribe to PTSW Make a crontab script to regularly fetch new data Store data: Plain-text files RDF stores Query the data: SPARQL query language and protocol, a W3C recommendation “ Trying to use the Semantic Web without SPARQL is like trying to use a relational database without SQL” - Tim Berners-Lee

Requirements for applications that store RDF data

Find data:

Subscribe to PTSW

Make a crontab script to regularly fetch new data

Store data:

Plain-text files

RDF stores

Query the data:

SPARQL query language and protocol, a W3C recommendation

“ Trying to use the Semantic Web without SPARQL is like trying to use a relational database without SQL” - Tim Berners-Lee

Storing RDF data RDF stores: Storage systems for triples Better performance that distributed queries Some support inference engines (OWL, RDFS) Many provide an open SPARQL endpoint to let people use data Various implementations: YARS (Java) ARC2 (PHP) 3Store (C) Virtuoso, etc.

RDF stores:

Storage systems for triples

Better performance that distributed queries

Some support inference engines (OWL, RDFS)

Many provide an open SPARQL endpoint to let people use data

Various implementations:

YARS (Java)

ARC2 (PHP)

3Store (C)

Virtuoso, etc.

Querying RDF data SPARQL language: A language to query a set of triples REST-protocol between clients and endpoint Results in standard formats (XML or JSON) http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ SPARQL endpoint: Remotely accessible data Data openness Easy to use , e.g. ARC2 requires just three lines of code: include_once('path/to/arc/ARC2.php'); $ep = ARC2::getStoreEndpoint(array(...)); $ep->go();

SPARQL language:

A language to query a set of triples

REST-protocol between clients and endpoint

Results in standard formats (XML or JSON)

http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/

SPARQL endpoint:

Remotely accessible data

Data openness

Easy to use , e.g. ARC2 requires just three lines of code:

include_once('path/to/arc/ARC2.php');

$ep = ARC2::getStoreEndpoint(array(...));

$ep->go();

Semantic Web Search Engine (SWSE) A large-scale Semantic Web search engine developed and run by DERI Galway : http://swse.deri.org/ Andreas Harth, Jürgen Umbrich, Aidan Hogan, Stefan Decker , “ YARS2: A Federated Repository for Querying Graph Structured Data from the Web”, The 6th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2007) , pp. 211-224, Busan, Korea, 2007 A SPARQL endpoint f or today’s tutorial: http://swse.deri.org/boards/yars2/

A large-scale Semantic Web search engine developed and run by DERI Galway :

http://swse.deri.org/

Andreas Harth, Jürgen Umbrich, Aidan Hogan, Stefan Decker , “ YARS2: A Federated Repository for Querying Graph Structured Data from the Web”, The 6th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2007) , pp. 211-224, Busan, Korea, 2007

A SPARQL endpoint f or today’s tutorial:

http://swse.deri.org/boards/yars2/

What does SWSE do? SWSE searches and navigates factual entities collected from over 200,000 data sources Components: Web-scale crawling and object consolidation Fully-distributed RDF storage and SPARQL query processing using YARS2 (already achieved 7 billion synthetically generated triples) ‏ Advanced schema agnostic ranking User interface with guided navigation Features: Ability to handle various entity types (such as people, places, proteins) and various media types Tracking provenance of triples using context / named graphs Search and explore the Semantic Web at: http://swse.deri.org/

SWSE searches and navigates factual entities collected from over 200,000 data sources

Components:

Web-scale crawling and object consolidation

Fully-distributed RDF storage and SPARQL query processing using YARS2 (already achieved 7 billion synthetically generated triples) ‏

Advanced schema agnostic ranking

User interface with guided navigation

Features:

Ability to handle various entity types (such as people, places, proteins) and various media types

Tracking provenance of triples using context / named graphs

Search and explore the Semantic Web at:

http://swse.deri.org/

SWSE™ data flow Query Processor Index Crawler User Interface

The Sindice lookup index

The Sindice SIOC widget

SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data Find all posts and their titles by John, using SELECT, and combining vocabularies (DC, SIOC, SIOC Types): SELECT ?post ?title WHERE { ?post rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ; dc:title ?title ; sioc:has_creator <$johns_URI> . }

Find all posts and their titles by John, using SELECT, and combining vocabularies (DC, SIOC, SIOC Types):

SELECT ?post ?title

WHERE {

?post rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ;

dc:title ?title ;

sioc:has_creator <$johns_URI> .

}

SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data (2) Find all users that posted replies to John’s blog since January 2008, introducing the FILTER clause: SELECT ?who WHERE { ?post rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ; dc:title ?title ; sioc:has_creator <$johns_URI> . ?post sioc:has_reply ?reply . ?reply sioc:has_creator ?who ; dcterms:created ?date . FILTER (?date > &quot;2008-01-01T00:00:00Z&quot;^^xsd:dateTime) }

Find all users that posted replies to John’s blog since January 2008, introducing the FILTER clause:

SELECT ?who

WHERE {

?post rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ;

dc:title ?title ;

sioc:has_creator <$johns_URI> .

?post sioc:has_reply ?reply .

?reply sioc:has_creator ?who ;

dcterms:created ?date .

FILTER (?date > &quot;2008-01-01T00:00:00Z&quot;^^xsd:dateTime)

}

SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data (3) Find all content created by someone with a given OpenID URL: Browse someone’s social media contributions posted on various websites using different account names, but for the same person SELECT ?item WHERE { ?person foaf:openid <$openid> ; foaf:holdsAccount ?user . ?user sioc:creator_of ?item . }

Find all content created by someone with a given OpenID URL:

Browse someone’s social media contributions posted on various websites using different account names, but for the same person

SELECT ?item

WHERE {

?person foaf:openid <$openid> ;

foaf:holdsAccount ?user .

?user sioc:creator_of ?item .

}

Parse SPARQL results SPARQL XML JSON: Easiest Many extensions PHP5: json_decode() : json data to PHP array Many examples Most SPARQL endpoints support JSON output Can be easily used in JavaScript applications

SPARQL XML

JSON:

Easiest

Many extensions

PHP5: json_decode() : json data to PHP array

Many examples

Most SPARQL endpoints support JSON output

Can be easily used in JavaScript applications

Querying RDF files Redland: http://librdf.org Bindings: Available for PHP, Python, etc. SQL2RDF bindings include D2RQ and Triplify Example in Python: Import RDF m = RDF.Model() m.load(‘http://apassant.net/foaf.rdf’) q = RDF.Query(&quot;SELECT ?s WHERE { ?s ?p ?o .}&quot;) results = q1.execute(model) for result in results: print result[’s']

Redland: http://librdf.org

Bindings:

Available for PHP, Python, etc.

SQL2RDF bindings include D2RQ and Triplify

Example in Python:

Import RDF m = RDF.Model() m.load(‘http://apassant.net/foaf.rdf’) q = RDF.Query(&quot;SELECT ?s WHERE { ?s ?p ?o .}&quot;) results = q1.execute(model) for result in results: print result[’s']

Need more data? Translate any data to SIOC: Re-use SIOC tools for non-SIOC data Semantic Pipes: http://pipes.deri.org/ Remix your RDF data SPARQL constructs: The “XSLT” of RDF Translate a set of RDF data from one graph format to another For example: CONSTRUCT { ?x a sioc:Post . ?x sioc:has_creator ?y } WHERE { ?x a myont:BlogElement . ?x myont:created_by ?y }

Translate any data to SIOC:

Re-use SIOC tools for non-SIOC data

Semantic Pipes:

http://pipes.deri.org/

Remix your RDF data

SPARQL constructs:

The “XSLT” of RDF

Translate a set of RDF data from one graph format to another

For example:

CONSTRUCT { ?x a sioc:Post . ?x sioc:has_creator ?y }

WHERE { ?x a myont:BlogElement . ?x myont:created_by ?y }

6. Browsing, Exploring and Consuming Semantic Web Data Uldis Bojārs

Consuming SIOC as Semantic Web data SIOC = RDF data Generic Semantic Web applications can be used: RDF APIs (Jena, Redland, etc.) RDF c rawlers RDF b rowsers (Tabulator, Zit g ist, SIOC RDF Browser, etc. ) M ore apps : http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/SW-FAQ#tools Customi s ed applications can provide more added value and / or better user interface s : SIOC Explorer (faceted browsing of SIOC data) : https://launchpad.net/sioc-ex Buxon, etc.

SIOC = RDF data

Generic Semantic Web applications can be used:

RDF APIs (Jena, Redland, etc.)

RDF c rawlers

RDF b rowsers (Tabulator, Zit g ist, SIOC RDF Browser, etc. )

M ore apps : http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/SW-FAQ#tools

Customi s ed applications can provide more added value and / or better user interface s :

SIOC Explorer (faceted browsing of SIOC data) :

https://launchpad.net/sioc-ex

Buxon, etc.

How can SIOC data be used?

Browsing SIOC

SIOC RDF Browser http://sparql.captsolo.net/browser

http://sparql.captsolo.net/browser

SIOC Store Browser http://apassant.net/home/2006/06/sioc-browser

http://apassant.net/home/2006/06/sioc-browser

SIOC S tore Browser ( 2 )

Demonstration of SIOC Explorer

Accessing SIOC content from multiple sources Browsing SIOC content from one source Filter by “facet” from all sources Facet can be a direct or indirect property: Direct The topic of the content item The creator of the item The date created … Indirect A geographic location of the person who created it The gender of the person An interest shared by many creators

Facet can be a direct or indirect property:

Direct

The topic of the content item

The creator of the item

The date created

…

Indirect

A geographic location of the person who created it

The gender of the person

An interest shared by many creators

Exploring i mplicit s ocial n etwork c onnections

Social SIOC Explorer

Browsing SIOC with Piggy Bank

Browsing SIOC with Tabulator

Browsing SIOC with TimeLine

Browsing SIOC with TimeLine (2)

Weaving microblogging into the Semantic Web Producing AND consuming data Interlinking with existing RDF data (e.g. GeoNames) Faceted browsing

Producing AND consuming data

Interlinking with existing RDF data (e.g. GeoNames)

Faceted browsing

Screenshots

Reviews using SW technologies Revyu: http://revyu.com Review website combining Web 2.0 / SW technologies

Revyu:

http://revyu.com

Review website combining Web 2.0 / SW technologies

7. Portable Data and Re-Use of SIOC Data John Breslin

What if I use multiple services and I want to… Move the stuff I have on one service to another (e.g. move all my blog posts, comments, friends, etc. from WordPress.com to “Acme Blogs”) Move all my stuff from multiple services to one third-party service Centralise my stuff on my own service, e.g. my blog See my stuff on a third-party service providing an aggregate view, like FriendFeed

Move the stuff I have on one service to another (e.g. move all my blog posts, comments, friends, etc. from WordPress.com to “Acme Blogs”)

Move all my stuff from multiple services to one third-party service

Centralise my stuff on my own service, e.g. my blog

See my stuff on a third-party service providing an aggregate view, like FriendFeed

So many social media sites… * Source: Smashcut Media, www.smashcut-media.com

Even more services…

It takes a lot of time…

Filling out your profiles, re-adding your friends…

Uploading posts and content items to “stovepipes”!

Social media sites are like data silos * Source: Pidgin Technologies, www.pidgintech.com

Many isolated communities of users and their data * Source: Pidgin Technologies, www.pidgintech.com

Need ways to connect these islands * Source: Pidgin Technologies, www.pidgintech.com

Allowing users to easily move from one to another * Source: Pidgin Technologies, www.pidgintech.com

Enabling users to easily bring their data with them * Source: Pidgin Technologies, www.pidgintech.com

Social networking fatigue How many general or niche SNSs are you willing to register and / or interact with? People search engine and aggregation sites are now appearing to compensate: SocialURL – organise your online identities PeekYou – matching web pages with their owners Spock – organising information around people Rapleaf – reputation lookup and email search Wink – free people search engine FriendFeed – subscribe to all of your friends’ feeds

How many general or niche SNSs are you willing to register and / or interact with?

People search engine and aggregation sites are now appearing to compensate:

SocialURL – organise your online identities

PeekYou – matching web pages with their owners

Spock – organising information around people

Rapleaf – reputation lookup and email search

Wink – free people search engine

FriendFeed – subscribe to all of your friends’ feeds

Social network portability and reusability Need distributed social networks and reusable profiles Users may have many identities and sets of friends on different social networks, where each identity was created from scratch Allow user to import existing profile and contacts, using a single global identity with different views (e.g. via FOAF, XFN / hCard, OpenID, etc.) See also: http://bradfitz.com/social-graph-problem/ http://danbri.org/words/2007/09/13/194 http://code.google.com/apis/socialgraph/

Need distributed social networks and reusable profiles

Users may have many identities and sets of friends on different social networks, where each identity was created from scratch

Allow user to import existing profile and contacts, using a single global identity with different views (e.g. via FOAF, XFN / hCard, OpenID, etc.)

See also:

http://bradfitz.com/social-graph-problem/

http://danbri.org/words/2007/09/13/194

http://code.google.com/apis/socialgraph/

Identity management across networks Social media sites (or RDF exporters) create a new foaf:Person instance when they export their data: TalkDigger, Revyu, Flickr exporters, etc. There is a need to unify URIs so as to represent one's unified identity Linked-data principles are to use owl:sameAs and rdfs:seeAlso: See: http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/ owl:sameAs: Used to identify two resources with different URIs as being the same resource rdfs:seeAlso: “More information about this resource can be found here”, can be used by Semantic Web tools such as Tabulator Inference using owl:InverseFunctionalProperty: foaf:mbox, foaf:openid, etc. can be used to identify uniqueness for a foaf:Person Unifying aspects of a foaf:Person across networks: All relevant sioc:User accounts may be related to one foaf:Person

Social media sites (or RDF exporters) create a new foaf:Person instance when they export their data:

TalkDigger, Revyu, Flickr exporters, etc.

There is a need to unify URIs so as to represent one's unified identity

Linked-data principles are to use owl:sameAs and rdfs:seeAlso:

See: http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/

owl:sameAs: Used to identify two resources with different URIs as being the same resource

rdfs:seeAlso: “More information about this resource can be found here”, can be used by Semantic Web tools such as Tabulator

Inference using owl:InverseFunctionalProperty:

foaf:mbox, foaf:openid, etc. can be used to identify uniqueness for a foaf:Person

Unifying aspects of a foaf:Person across networks:

All relevant sioc:User accounts may be related to one foaf:Person

:alex owl:sameAs flickr:33669349@N00 ; owl:sameAs twitter:terraces URI unification for a foaf:Person

:alex owl:sameAs flickr:33669349@N00 ;

owl:sameAs twitter:terraces

FOAF and social network connections FOAF allows us to represent the connections between people: A machine-readable format for social-networking Using the foaf:knows property: :John foaf:knows :Alex Extensions using the RELATIONSHIP vocabulary: http://vocab.org/relationship/ All rel:* properties are subproperties of foaf:knows :John rel:worksWith :Uldis RDFS inferencing allows tools to answer queries using foaf:knows when people use rel:* alternatives

FOAF allows us to represent the connections between people:

A machine-readable format for social-networking

Using the foaf:knows property:

:John foaf:knows :Alex

Extensions using the RELATIONSHIP vocabulary:

http://vocab.org/relationship/

All rel:* properties are subproperties of foaf:knows

:John rel:worksWith :Uldis

RDFS inferencing allows tools to answer queries using foaf:knows when people use rel:* alternatives

Distributed social networking with FOAF Combining networks from multiple FOAF URIs via owl:sameAs: Decentralised social networks can represent connections for the same person A person’s networks can be merged together Any sub-network in the social graph can be reached from a single entry point, via the person’s URI

Combining networks from multiple FOAF URIs via owl:sameAs:

Decentralised social networks can represent connections for the same person

A person’s networks can be merged together

Any sub-network in the social graph can be reached from a single entry point, via the person’s URI

Integrating social networks with FOAF Common formats, unique URIs * Source: Sheila Kinsella, Applications of Social Network Analysis 2007

Distributed social networking with FOAF

Applications for browsing the social (semantic) graph FOAFnaut, FOAF Explorer, etc. FOAFGear: thanks to common semantics, only 100 lines of code: http://apassant.net/home/2008/01/foafgear/

FOAFnaut, FOAF Explorer, etc.

FOAFGear: thanks to common semantics, only 100 lines of code: http://apassant.net/home/2008/01/foafgear/

Aggregation of semantic social networks Browse / re-use your social graph in personal applications Merge identities with pre-defined rules Tools: Beatnik Knowee SPARQLpress Nepomuk

Browse / re-use your social graph in personal applications

Merge identities with pre-defined rules

Tools:

Beatnik

Knowee

SPARQLpress

Nepomuk

Using OpenID with FOAF Can link to your FOAF profile from your OpenID URL, so that services can browse your machine-readable profile when you log-in: <head> <link rel=&quot;meta&quot; type=&quot;application/rdf+xml&quot; title=&quot;FOAF&quot; href=&quot;foaf.rdf&quot; /> </head>

Can link to your FOAF profile from your OpenID URL, so that services can browse your machine-readable profile when you log-in:

<head>

<link rel=&quot;meta&quot; type=&quot;application/rdf+xml&quot; title=&quot;FOAF&quot; href=&quot;foaf.rdf&quot; />

</head>

Example of OpenID used with FOAF Bob creates an account on Networkr, a new social networking website, using OpenID Networkr retrieves the FOAF URI thanks to an auto-discovery link From the FOAF file, it identifies if there are any people already subscribed to Networkr who are listed in Bob’s defined relationships If that is the case, Bob can add them as “local connections”, share data with them, etc. without having to once again search for / add his friends Specific rules: If I know X from Flickr, he / she can see my pictures on Networkr

Bob creates an account on Networkr, a new social networking website, using OpenID

Networkr retrieves the FOAF URI thanks to an auto-discovery link

From the FOAF file, it identifies if there are any people already subscribed to Networkr who are listed in Bob’s defined relationships

If that is the case, Bob can add them as “local connections”, share data with them, etc. without having to once again search for / add his friends

Specific rules:

If I know X from Flickr, he / she can see my pictures on Networkr

The DataPortability initiative http://dataportability.org Existing technologies Inventing no new ones

http://dataportability.org

Existing technologies

Inventing no new ones

Other initiatives “near” DataPortability

Semantics can help By using agreed-upon semantic formats to describe people, content objects and the connections that bind them all together , social media sites can interoperate by appealing to common semantics Developers are already using semantic technologies to augment the ways in which they create, reuse, and link profiles and content on social media sites (using FOAF, XFN / hCard, SIOC, etc.) In the other direction, object-centered social networks can serve as rich data sources for semantic applications

By using agreed-upon semantic formats to describe people, content objects and the connections that bind them all together , social media sites can interoperate by appealing to common semantics

Developers are already using semantic technologies to augment the ways in which they create, reuse, and link profiles and content on social media sites (using FOAF, XFN / hCard, SIOC, etc.)

In the other direction, object-centered social networks can serve as rich data sources for semantic applications

Using SIOC and FOAF to represent portable data

Porting social media contributions from data providers to import services Importing SIOC data: A Semantic Web “building block” for portable data

Importing SIOC data:

A Semantic Web “building block” for portable data

SIOC i mport t ools Importing SIOC data is easy: Parse SIOC RDF data (e.g. using ARC2 or RAP for PHP) Convert SIOC data to the content model of the target system : e.g. content and other properties of blog posts and comments Can use SIOC APIs to hold the data model Store data in the target application : T he most difficult part  More info: Uldis Bo jā rs, Alexandre Passant, John Breslin, Stefan Decker, “Social Network and Data Portability using Semantic Web Technologies”, Accepted for the 2nd Workshop on Social Aspects of the Web (SAW 2008), Innsbruck, Austria, May 2008

Importing SIOC data is easy:

Parse SIOC RDF data (e.g. using ARC2 or RAP for PHP)

Convert SIOC data to the content model of the target system :

e.g. content and other properties of blog posts and comments

Can use SIOC APIs to hold the data model

Store data in the target application :

T he most difficult part 

More info:

Uldis Bo jā rs, Alexandre Passant, John Breslin, Stefan Decker, “Social Network and Data Portability using Semantic Web Technologies”, Accepted for the 2nd Workshop on Social Aspects of the Web (SAW 2008), Innsbruck, Austria, May 2008

WordPress SIOC Importer We have lots of producers of SIOC data, but now we need more applications that can consume it, like the WordPress SIOC Importer: http://wiki.sioc-project.org/w/SIOC_Import_Plugin Just as WordPress can import blog entries from various blogging systems, the WordPress SIOC Importer can import any discussion posts (and comments) represented in SIOC (forum posts, mail messages, IRC chats, etc.)

We have lots of producers of SIOC data, but now we need more applications that can consume it, like the WordPress SIOC Importer:

http://wiki.sioc-project.org/w/SIOC_Import_Plugin

Just as WordPress can import blog entries from various blogging systems, the WordPress SIOC Importer can import any discussion posts (and comments) represented in SIOC (forum posts, mail messages, IRC chats, etc.)

SIOC import process for WordPress Parse RDF data (using the open-source RAP RDF parser) Find all posts, i.e. instances of sioc:Post, which exhibit all of the properties required by the target site For each post found, it creates a new post using WordPress API calls To do: Multiple sources Authentication Synchronisation SIOC import APIs

Parse RDF data (using the open-source RAP RDF parser)

Find all posts, i.e. instances of sioc:Post, which exhibit all of the properties required by the target site

For each post found, it creates a new post using WordPress API calls

To do:

Multiple sources

Authentication

Synchronisation

SIOC import APIs

8. Industry Applications of Semantic Technologies for Online Communities Alex andre Passant

Enterprise 2.0 Web 2.0 includes applications such as blogs, wikis, RSS feeds and social networking, while Enterprise 2.0 is the packaging of those technologies in both corporate IT and workplace environments “ Enterprise 2.0 is the use of emergent social software platforms within companies , or between companies and their partners or customers”, Harvard Business School’s Professor Andrew McAfee “ There are direct enterprise equivalents [to Facebook]. You can ask people the status of their projects, what they’re working on, are they travelling, things they’ve learned . All of these things would be very valuable inside an enterprise.”

Web 2.0 includes applications such as blogs, wikis, RSS feeds and social networking, while Enterprise 2.0 is the packaging of those technologies in both corporate IT and workplace environments

“ Enterprise 2.0 is the use of emergent social software platforms within companies , or between companies and their partners or customers”, Harvard Business School’s Professor Andrew McAfee

“ There are direct enterprise equivalents [to Facebook]. You can ask people the status of their projects, what they’re working on, are they travelling, things they’ve learned . All of these things would be very valuable inside an enterprise.”

Social media services that people have been using in everyday life on the Web are now entering organisations: Blogs Wikis Social networking Tagging Lots of companies and products in this space: Awareness, Mentor Scout, Contact Networks, Microsoft SharePoint, IBM Lotus Connections, SelectMinds, introNetworks, Tacit, Illumio, Jive Software, Visible Path, Leverage Software, Web Crossing, SocialText These new deployments also face the same issues that are on the Web Enterprise 2.0 (2)

Social media services that people have been using in everyday life on the Web are now entering organisations:

Blogs

Wikis

Social networking

Tagging

Lots of companies and products in this space:

Awareness, Mentor Scout, Contact Networks, Microsoft SharePoint, IBM Lotus Connections, SelectMinds, introNetworks, Tacit, Illumio, Jive Software, Visible Path, Leverage Software, Web Crossing, SocialText

These new deployments also face the same issues that are on the Web

Semantic Web technologies can be leveraged in organisations for: Knowledge management Data integration Reasoning Augmented search See the SWEO use cases document: http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/public/UseCases/ More than 25 case studies and use cases Vodafone, NASA, Renault, etc. Semantic Web in organisations

Semantic Web technologies can be leveraged in organisations for:

Knowledge management

Data integration

Reasoning

Augmented search

See the SWEO use cases document:

http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/public/UseCases/

More than 25 case studies and use cases

Vodafone, NASA, Renault, etc.

Distributed Web 2.0 corporate information systems McAfee’s “SLATES” requirements for Enterprise 2.0: Search Links Authoring Tagging Extension Signals The Semantic Web can offer enhanced functionality by interlinking Enterprise 2.0 data with common semantics: Use back-end domain ontologies to extend search Search by type (i.e. restrict to wiki pages) Provide semantic links between documents

McAfee’s “SLATES” requirements for Enterprise 2.0:

Search

Links

Authoring

Tagging

Extension

Signals

The Semantic Web can offer enhanced functionality by interlinking Enterprise 2.0 data with common semantics:

Use back-end domain ontologies to extend search

Search by type (i.e. restrict to wiki pages)

Provide semantic links between documents

Interconnecting Enterprise 2.0 services RDF bus architecture (Tim Berners-Lee): Add-ons to produce RDF data from existing Web 2.0 applications Store distributed data using RDF stores Create new applications: Semantic mashups Semantic search Open architecture thanks to a SPARQL endpoint, services as plugins to the architecture

RDF bus architecture (Tim Berners-Lee):

Add-ons to produce RDF data from existing Web 2.0 applications

Store distributed data using RDF stores

Create new applications:

Semantic mashups

Semantic search

Open architecture thanks to a SPARQL endpoint, services as plugins to the architecture

SIOC use case for Enterprise 2.0 EDF R&D: Enterprise 2.0 systems: blogs, wikis, RSS, etc. Interconnecting data with SIOC: Exporters for blogs and wikis Translation of RSS items to SIOC data Maintaining ontology instances: Using a semantic wiki for ontology population Using MOAT to link data to those instances New usages: Semantic search engine: based on type and instances rather than plain text Geolocation mashups, by interlinking the GeoNames ontology with internal data thanks to a common modelling scheme

EDF R&D:

Enterprise 2.0 systems: blogs, wikis, RSS, etc.

Interconnecting data with SIOC:

Exporters for blogs and wikis

Translation of RSS items to SIOC data

Maintaining ontology instances:

Using a semantic wiki for ontology population

Using MOAT to link data to those instances

New usages:

Semantic search engine: based on type and instances rather than plain text

Geolocation mashups, by interlinking the GeoNames ontology with internal data thanks to a common modelling scheme

SIOC use case for Enterprise 2.0 (2) Statistics over 2 ½ years: > 500k SIOC triples 12852 sioc:Post(s) 11954 sioct:BlogPost(s) 876 sioct:WikiArticle(s) 79 sioc:User(s) Search: Plain text to ontology MOAT for identifying instances Retrieves blog posts, wikis, etc. SPARQL-based queries

Statistics over 2 ½ years:

> 500k SIOC triples

12852 sioc:Post(s)

11954 sioct:BlogPost(s)

876 sioct:WikiArticle(s)

79 sioc:User(s)

Search:

Plain text to ontology

MOAT for identifying instances

Retrieves blog posts, wikis, etc.

SPARQL-based queries

Suggesting related content Using sioc:Post(s) and the sioc:topic property

Using sioc:Post(s) and the sioc:topic property

Using SIOC in collaborative working environments

OpenLink DataSpaces ODS provides access to SIOC instance data from a range of ODS application instances including blogs, wikis, aggregated feeds, shared bookmarks, discussions, photo galleries, briefcases, etc.

ODS provides access to SIOC instance data from a range of ODS application instances including blogs, wikis, aggregated feeds, shared bookmarks, discussions, photo galleries, briefcases, etc.

Talis Engage

Seesmic

9. From Blogs and Wikis to Semantic Blogging and Semantic Wikis John Breslin

Structure-enhanced blog posts Sometimes you have a burning need for more structure, at least some of the time When you know a subject deeply, and your observations or analysis recur, you may be best served by filling in a form The form will have its own metadata and its own data model Uses: People get to express themselves, and Blogs start to interoperate with enterprise applications

Sometimes you have a burning need for more structure, at least some of the time

When you know a subject deeply, and your observations or analysis recur, you may be best served by filling in a form

The form will have its own metadata and its own data model

Uses:

People get to express themselves, and

Blogs start to interoperate with enterprise applications

Soccer coach example An after-game soccer report typically includes: which teams played where and when officials, and a list of game events: who scored (and when and how) who received penalties (when and for what), etc. Wouldn't it be handy for the coach’s blogging tool to understand this structure, present an editing form, render the form in HTML to their blog, and render the post (including the form) to their RSS feed? Great for the World Cup!

An after-game soccer report typically includes:

which teams played

where and when

officials, and

a list of game events:

who scored (and when and how)

who received penalties (when and for what), etc.

Wouldn't it be handy for the coach’s blogging tool to understand this structure, present an editing form, render the form in HTML to their blog, and render the post (including the form) to their RSS feed?

Great for the World Cup!

Integrating readers with structured blogging And in the future, news aggregators and news readers should be able to: Auto-discover an unknown structure Notify the user that a new structure is available Learn the structure, including entry forms, pick list sources, rendering guidance, and default style sheet Make it available when the blogger is ready to write

And in the future, news aggregators and news readers should be able to:

Auto-discover an unknown structure

Notify the user that a new structure is available

Learn the structure, including entry forms, pick list sources, rendering guidance, and default style sheet

Make it available when the blogger is ready to write

Structured blogging using WordPress

Making use of structured blog posts

Why semantic blogging? Traditional blogging: Little or no query possibilities (except keyword and flat tags) Little or no reuse of data (except textual copy and paste) Little or no linking between posts (except simple hrefs and trackbacks) Semantic blogging: Facilitates better querying : More precise Allows aggregation from various sources Better reuse potential Richer links

Traditional blogging:

Little or no query possibilities (except keyword and flat tags)

Little or no reuse of data (except textual copy and paste)

Little or no linking between posts (except simple hrefs and trackbacks)

Semantic blogging:

Facilitates better querying :

More precise

Allows aggregation from various sources

Better reuse potential

Richer links

Why semantic blogging? (2) Users collect and create large amounts of structured data on their desktops This data is often tied to specific applications and locked within the user's computer Semantic blogging can lift this data into the Web

Users collect and create large amounts of structured data on their desktops

This data is often tied to specific applications and locked within the user's computer

Semantic blogging can lift this data into the Web

Releasing your data to the Web scenario Ina John Ina‘s Computer John‘s Computer Blog Post Blog Post Blog Post Blog Post Metadata Metadata Metadata writes Post annotates Post publishes Post reads Post imports metadata Web

Positioning of the metadata Where in the blog will the semantic metadata go? Directly in the HTML ? Validity problems, parsing, restrictions on use of RDF... Put it in the newsfeed (RSS 1.0)? Would have to change blogging platforms, hard to get accepted Newsfeed items disappear over time Externally? Just add a link to HTML á la: <a type=“application/rdf+xml“ href=“http://bresl.in/foaf/foaf.rdf“>John</a>

Where in the blog will the semantic metadata go?

Directly in the HTML ?

Validity problems, parsing, restrictions on use of RDF...

Put it in the newsfeed (RSS 1.0)?

Would have to change blogging platforms, hard to get accepted

Newsfeed items disappear over time

Externally?

Just add a link to HTML

á la:

<a type=“application/rdf+xml“ href=“http://bresl.in/foaf/foaf.rdf“>John</a>

How is this related to structured blogging? Structured blogging is mainly based on “Microformats” (http://www.microformats.org/) Therefore restricted to specific schemata, not open Positioned inline on HTML page (and in feed) Can be directly rendered using CSS Structured and semantic blogging do not compete Metadata can be added as RDF and using Microformats Web-based implementations for generating structured blogging metadata e.g. for WordPress and Movable Type

Structured blogging is mainly based on “Microformats” (http://www.microformats.org/)

Therefore restricted to specific schemata, not open

Positioned inline on HTML page (and in feed)

Can be directly rendered using CSS

Structured and semantic blogging do not compete

Metadata can be added as RDF and using Microformats

Web-based implementations for generating structured blogging metadata

e.g. for WordPress and Movable Type

Creating the metadata Structural metadata : Relations within the blogosphere: what relates to what and how (replies, follow-ups or trackbacks, blogroll links and bookmarks, topics, etc.)? Closed domain, suggested vocabulary: SIOC Plugins for blogging platforms, e.g. WordPress, Drupal Produced automatically from a blog’s database

Structural metadata :

Relations within the blogosphere: what relates to what and how (replies, follow-ups or trackbacks, blogroll links and bookmarks, topics, etc.)?

Closed domain, suggested vocabulary: SIOC

Plugins for blogging platforms, e.g. WordPress, Drupal

Produced automatically from a blog’s database

Creating the metadata (2) Content related metadata : What do blog posts talk about (e.g. books, individuals, meetings)? Keep open domain – so that can use any vocabulary / ontology (BibTeX, FOAF, iCal, ...) Web-based approach (á la structured blogging) - user fills in an HTML form Desktop-based approach (á la semiBlog) - user selects existing data on their computer, this gets converted into RDF

Content related metadata :

What do blog posts talk about (e.g. books, individuals, meetings)?

Keep open domain – so that can use any vocabulary / ontology (BibTeX, FOAF, iCal, ...)

Web-based approach (á la structured blogging) - user fills in an HTML form

Desktop-based approach (á la semiBlog) - user selects existing data on their computer, this gets converted into RDF

Creating a semantic blog post with semiBlog Annotating a blog entry with an address book entry. < foaf:Person rdf:ID=&quot;andreas&quot;> < foaf:homepage > http://sw.bla.org/~aharth/</ foaf:homepage > < foaf:surname >Harth</ foaf:surname > < foaf:firstName >Andreas</ foaf:firstName > <!-- ... more properties ... --> < rdf:value >Andreas Harth</ rdf:value > </ foaf:Person >

Using the metadata Once a blog has semantic metadata, it can be... Used to query : “Which blog posts talk about papers by Stefan Decker?” Used to browse across blogs and other kinds of discussion methods: Imported into desktop applications of blog readers (AKA “The Web as a Clipboard“)

Once a blog has semantic metadata, it can be...

Used to query : “Which blog posts talk about papers by Stefan Decker?”

Used to browse across blogs and other kinds of discussion methods:

Imported into desktop applications of blog readers (AKA “The Web as a Clipboard“)

The Web as a clipboard using a suitable reader A user can import metadata from here into his / her own applications

A user can import metadata from here into his / her own applications

Structural metadata: Relations between blogs, posts, comments, etc. More than just “A links to B“ - what kind of relationship? Approval? Criticism? Mentions? Is about? … relations within the blogosphere Content-related metadata: What is this post about, what is its topic? Anything a blog author wishes to discuss ...relations between the blogosphere and everything else Structural versus content-related

Structural metadata:

Relations between blogs, posts, comments, etc.

More than just “A links to B“ - what kind of relationship?

Approval? Criticism? Mentions? Is about?

… relations within the blogosphere

Content-related metadata:

What is this post about, what is its topic?

Anything a blog author wishes to discuss

...relations between the blogosphere and everything else

Argumentative discussion topics similar to IBIS

Closed-domain metadata: The domain is restricted to a certain set of real-world entities or concepts, e.g. blog structure or scientific publications. Allows the definition of one specific domain ontology (e.g. SIOC) Open-domain metadata: The domain is not restricted, e.g. as in blog content Hard to define one all-embracing ontology, very unwieldy, hard to convince people to use it Instead divide into closed subdomains , use small, vertical domain ontologies (e.g. FOAF, BibTeX, etc.) Closed domain versus open domain

Closed-domain metadata:

The domain is restricted to a certain set of real-world entities or concepts, e.g. blog structure or scientific publications.

Allows the definition of one specific domain ontology (e.g. SIOC)

Open-domain metadata:

The domain is not restricted, e.g. as in blog content

Hard to define one all-embracing ontology, very unwieldy, hard to convince people to use it

Instead divide into closed subdomains , use small, vertical domain ontologies (e.g. FOAF, BibTeX, etc.)

Client-side metadata: Data to be used resides client-side Implementation can best be realised client-side (e.g. harvesting desktop data with semiBlog ) Server-side metadata: Data to be used resides server-side Implementation can best be realised server-side (e.g. harvest WordPress database tables with WordPress SIOC plugin ) Client side versus server side

Client-side metadata:

Data to be used resides client-side

Implementation can best be realised client-side (e.g. harvesting desktop data with semiBlog )

Server-side metadata:

Data to be used resides server-side

Implementation can best be realised server-side (e.g. harvest WordPress database tables with WordPress SIOC plugin )

Describing structure and content

Tagging and the Semantic Web Tags are powerful but: Heterogeneity: different tags, one meaning Ambiguity: one tag, different meanings Unrelated: may be no relationship between tags A common semantic for tags and tagging actions: The “Tag Ontology” by Newman from 2005 tags:Tag rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept A “Tagging” class describes relationships between: A user An annotated resource Some tags

Tags are powerful but:

Heterogeneity: different tags, one meaning

Ambiguity: one tag, different meanings

Unrelated: may be no relationship between tags

A common semantic for tags and tagging actions:

The “Tag Ontology” by Newman from 2005

tags:Tag rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept

A “Tagging” class describes relationships between:

A user

An annotated resource

Some tags

Going further with tagging SCOT (Social Semantic Cloud of Tags): A model to describe tagclouds (tags and co-occurrence) Ability to move your own tagcloud from one service to another Share tagclouds between services, and between users “ Tag portability” MOAT (Meaning of a Tag) A model to define “meanings” of tags using existing URIs e.g. SPARQL -> http://dbpedia.org/resource/SPARQL Tagged content enters the “Linked Data” web Collaborative approach: Anyone can define a new meaning for a tag Meanings are shared inside a given community

SCOT (Social Semantic Cloud of Tags):

A model to describe tagclouds (tags and co-occurrence)

Ability to move your own tagcloud from one service to another

Share tagclouds between services, and between users

“ Tag portability”

MOAT (Meaning of a Tag)

A model to define “meanings” of tags using existing URIs

e.g. SPARQL -> http://dbpedia.org/resource/SPARQL

Tagged content enters the “Linked Data” web

Collaborative approach:

Anyone can define a new meaning for a tag

Meanings are shared inside a given community

gnizr

Problems with traditional wikis Structured access Information reuse JohnGrisham He is the author of PelicanBrief . He lives in Mississippi. He writes a book each year. He is published by RandomHouse . Structured access: Other books by JohnGrisham (navigation) All authors that live in Europe? (query) Information reuse: The authors from RandomHouse (views) And what if I don't speak English? (translation)

Structured access

Information reuse

Structured access:

Other books by JohnGrisham (navigation)

All authors that live in Europe? (query)

Information reuse:

The authors from RandomHouse (views)

And what if I don't speak English? (translation)

What are semantic wikis? A wiki that has an underlying model of the knowledge described in its pages: Semantic wikis allow to capture or identify further information about the pages (metadata) and their relations Knowledge model available in a formal language, so that machines can (at least partially) process and reason on it A semantic wiki would be able to capture that an &quot;apple&quot; article is a &quot;fruit&quot; (through an inheritance relationship) and present you with further fruits when you look at apple Some are used for personal knowledge management, others aimed at KM for communities http://wiki.ontoworld.org/wiki/Swikig http://www.semwiki.org/

A wiki that has an underlying model of the knowledge described in its pages:

Semantic wikis allow to capture or identify further information about the pages (metadata) and their relations

Knowledge model available in a formal language, so that machines can (at least partially) process and reason on it

A semantic wiki would be able to capture that an &quot;apple&quot; article is a &quot;fruit&quot; (through an inheritance relationship) and present you with further fruits when you look at apple

Some are used for personal knowledge management, others aimed at KM for communities

http://wiki.ontoworld.org/wiki/Swikig

http://www.semwiki.org/

Structural and content metadata in semantic wikis

Information reuse in SemperWiki

Semantic MediaWiki Semantic MediaWiki is an extension of MediaWiki, the open-source wiki system powering Wikipedia: Allows users to add structured data to the entries, turning it into a semantic wiki Users can classify the “type” of links, e.g. making a relationship such as “capital of” between Berlin and Germany explicit: ... [[capital of::Germany]] ... resulting in the semantic statement &quot;Berlin&quot; &quot;capital of&quot; &quot;Germany&quot; On the page about Berlin, users can explicitly define its population by writing: ... the population is [[population:=3,993,933]] ... resulting in the semantic statement &quot;Berlin&quot; &quot;has population&quot; &quot;3993933&quot; Currently the most widely-deployed semantic wiki, Semantic MediaWiki is also being used by various organisations, and is being deployed as a service by Centiare and Wikia

Semantic MediaWiki is an extension of MediaWiki, the open-source wiki system powering Wikipedia:

Allows users to add structured data to the entries, turning it into a semantic wiki

Users can classify the “type” of links, e.g. making a relationship such as “capital of” between Berlin and Germany explicit:

... [[capital of::Germany]] ... resulting in the semantic statement &quot;Berlin&quot; &quot;capital of&quot; &quot;Germany&quot;

On the page about Berlin, users can explicitly define its population by writing:

... the population is [[population:=3,993,933]] ... resulting in the semantic statement &quot;Berlin&quot; &quot;has population&quot; &quot;3993933&quot;

Currently the most widely-deployed semantic wiki, Semantic MediaWiki is also being used by various organisations, and is being deployed as a service by Centiare and Wikia

10. Conclusions John Breslin

Some examples of where SIOC is already use (about 50 implementations / applications)

A list of some these SIOC implementations Creating SIOC data SIOC APIs SIOC Export API for PHP SIOC API for Java Weblog, forum and CMS exporters WordPress SIOC Exporter Dotclear SIOC Exporter b2evolution SIOC Exporter Drupal SIOC Exporter phpBB 2.x SIOC Exporter Triplify Other exporters OpenLink DataSpaces TalkDigger SWAML Mailing List Archives Mailing List Exporter Twitter2RDF IRC2RDF Sioku (Jaiku2RDF) gnizr OpenQabal BlogEngine.NET Using SIOC data SPARQL endpoints, querying SIOC data ODS demo server and MyOpenLink.net #B4mad.Net SPARQL endpoint Crawling SIOC data SIOC Crawler SIOC Browsers Buxon SIOC Explorer Using SIOC for new data Fishtank BAETLE RDFa on Rails IkeWiki int.ere.st OpenLink Virtuso AMI Talis Engage Reusing SIOC data IKHarvester notitio.us and JeromeDL SIOC utilities Finding and indexing SIOC data Semantic Radar PingTheSemanticWeb.com

Creating SIOC data

SIOC APIs

SIOC Export API for PHP

SIOC API for Java

Weblog, forum and CMS exporters

WordPress SIOC Exporter

Dotclear SIOC Exporter

b2evolution SIOC Exporter

Drupal SIOC Exporter

phpBB 2.x SIOC Exporter

Triplify

Other exporters

OpenLink DataSpaces

TalkDigger

SWAML

Mailing List Archives

Mailing List Exporter

Twitter2RDF

IRC2RDF

Sioku (Jaiku2RDF)

gnizr

OpenQabal

BlogEngine.NET

Using SIOC data

SPARQL endpoints, querying SIOC data

ODS demo server and MyOpenLink.net

#B4mad.Net SPARQL endpoint

Crawling SIOC data

SIOC Crawler

SIOC Browsers

Buxon

SIOC Explorer

Using SIOC for new data

Fishtank

BAETLE

RDFa on Rails

IkeWiki

int.ere.st

OpenLink Virtuso AMI

Talis Engage

Reusing SIOC data

IKHarvester

notitio.us and JeromeDL

SIOC utilities

Finding and indexing SIOC data

Semantic Radar

PingTheSemanticWeb.com

A vocabulary onion, building on FOAF, SKOS, SIOC, SIOC Types, DC

Disconnected sites on the Social Web / Web 2.0 can be linked using Semantic Web vocabularies

Find people experienced in using SIOC / suggest improvements / participate in SIOC development The SIOC project page and wiki: http://sioc-project.org and http://wiki.sioc-project.org The SIOC W3C member submission: http://www.w3.org/Submission/2007/02/ A SIOC developer mailing list: http://groups.google.com/group/sioc-dev Real-time IRC chat channel about SIOC: irc://irc.freenode.net/sioc A comprehensive list of SIOC applications: http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/ The SIOC RDF Browser prototype: http://sparql.captsolo.net/browser/ Semantic Radar extension for Firefox: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3886

The SIOC project page and wiki:

http://sioc-project.org and http://wiki.sioc-project.org

The SIOC W3C member submission:

http://www.w3.org/Submission/2007/02/

A SIOC developer mailing list:

http://groups.google.com/group/sioc-dev

Real-time IRC chat channel about SIOC:

irc://irc.freenode.net/sioc

A comprehensive list of SIOC applications:

http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/

The SIOC RDF Browser prototype:

http://sparql.captsolo.net/browser/

Semantic Radar extension for Firefox:

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3886

Contact i nformation / thanks Alexandre Passant [email_address] http://apassant.net/ John Breslin [email_address] http://www.johnbreslin.com/ Uldis Boj ā rs [email_address] http://captsolo.net/ Thanks to Thomas Schandl, Tuukka Hastrup, Sergio Fernandez for help with slides The SIOC project is supported by Science Foundation Ireland under grant number SFI/02/CE1/I131

Alexandre Passant

[email_address]

http://apassant.net/

John Breslin

[email_address]

http://www.johnbreslin.com/

Uldis Boj ā rs

[email_address]

http://captsolo.net/

Thanks to Thomas Schandl, Tuukka Hastrup, Sergio Fernandez for help with slides

The SIOC project is supported by Science Foundation Ireland under grant number SFI/02/CE1/I131