3. • whose members commonly have a genome of single-
stranded RNA of positive polarity which is enclosed by
an icosahedral capsid.
• No DNA stage.
• The outer membrane is a lipid bilayer containing
specialized glycoproteins (E1 and E2) believed to be
responsible for attachment to host cells.
• Replication is slow with a latency period of 8-12 hours

4. • Person-to-person transmission
• - via direct or droplet contact with the respiratory
secretions of infected persons
• - coughing, sneezing
• Spread from mother to fetus during pregnancy
• - resulting Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
• Rubella virus likely enters cells via endocytosis.

5. • Rubella viruses is the member of genus rubivirus.
• This virus belong to the family togoviridae
• Rubella virus is the pathogenic agent of the disease
rubella
• Enveloped viruses
• The virus particles ranged in size between 500 and 750Å
and appeared to be ragged
• The virus is spherical and ranges from 40 nm
(nanometres) to 80 nm in diameter.

6. • There is currently no treatment that can kill the rubella
virus because rubella is caused by a virus, so
antibiotics are not effective.
• Therefore, treatment focuses on providing relief
of rubella symptoms as the body fights the infection.
This is called supportive care.
• Supportive care can include rest and medications (such
as paracetamol or ibuprofen ) to control fever or pain.
• Treatment of newly born babies is focused on
management of the complications such as congenital
heart defects and cataracts. It can be treated by direct
surgery.
• Vaccine : measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is
given to most children.

7. • stay off work for six days from the start of the rash.
• keep your child off school for six days from the start
of their rash (if they have rubella).
• avoid any contact with pregnant women for at least a
week after the start of the rash.
* When rubella have been diagnose during the pregnancy,
antibodies such as hyperimmune globulin will be given
and that can fight off the infection. This can reduce the
symptoms but doesn't eliminate the possibility of the baby
developing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).