It deals with for major theories on the formation and development of intergovernmental organizations.

2. Four main theories on IGOs

Theories of
integration
Theories of
governance
Theories of
cooperation
Critical theory

3. Theories of integration


4. Integration

Concerned with the processes through which
the states that are members of a particular IGO
come to merge their sovereignties in various
ways, so that, in certain crucial respects, they
tend to develop towards becoming a single
entity rather than several entirely separate ones.
Example: European Union’s complex progression
towards its Treaty of Rome objective of “ever closer
union”
Consists of functionalism, neofunctionalism,
and federalism

5. Functionalism

Main proponent: David Mitrany
Argued that process of collaborating in
narrow technical or functional areas will
“spill over” into other social and economic
fields and eventually more sensitive political
areas.

6. Neofunctionalism

Associated with Ernst Haas
Attempted to situate functionalism more fully within
everyday political processes, arguing that
transnational constituencies of advocates for closer
integration would emerge in the course of functional
collaboration, since these would tend increasingly to
identify their interests from the point of view of the
international institutions within which they worked
Emphasis on elite socialisation and social learning

7. Federalism

A belief in the value of ultimate regional
(and even global) union, and that seeks to
identify ways within federal constitutions of
reconciling local demands for full
representation of their interests with the
need for effective central government

8. Theories of cooperation


9. Cooperation

Premised on the realist and neorealist thinking that
states in a condition of international anarchy will
inevitably be self-interested, power-seeking and
competitive actors, with virtually no real prospect of
more than minimal, short-term collaboration or of
IGOs developing in the kinds of ways envisaged by
integration theories
Rather than focusing upon the prospects for merging
of sovereignty , many other theorists accept the basic
Realist portrayal of states as self-interested ‘rational
actors’ but seek to identify reasons why states might,
nonetheless, cooperate in international institutions

10. Theories of governance


11. Governance

Denotes a world order, even in the absence
of formal government, enduring structures
of rules, norms, and institutions have
emerged in many areas of international life
Wolfgang H. Reinicke argues that the
interaction amongst governments,
nongovernmental organizations and IGOs
has produced a regulatory network that
enmeshes and constrains government

12. Emerging Polity

A term used by theorists as an attempt to
comprehend the most developed and
complex governance structure, the EU
A term that aims to capture the notion of
shared and negotiated power in a new kind
of political context

13. Consociationalism

Denotes the processes through which the EU
endeavours to reach a consensual collective
decisions that accommodate its members’
separate national interests and identities

14. Critical theory


15. Critical theory

A shift of emphasis from ‘positivist’ and empiricist
perspectives that try to employ scientific
methodologies to conceiving of theory in
transformative and ‘emancipatory’ terms (Habermas,
early members of Frankfurt School, Robert Cox,
Andrew Linklater and other IR theorists)
Focused on global capitalism as the principal
international structure, rather than the international
anarchy and on the oppressive and exploitative
consequences to which they see this as giving rise
(Marxists and neo-Marxists)

16. Critical theory

Argued that existing power structures and
discursive practices have produced unequal
and hierarchical relationships that
particularly affect women (feminists)