Yudelson on Smart Buildings - Smart Cities

©2018YudelsonAssociates
• Chicago July 13-19, 1995
• Temperatures soared to 106F; lasted a week
• Heat Index stood at 126F one day
• 740 extra/unexpected fatalities
• Main causes: live alone, black, poor and/or elderly
• Indirect causes: lack of community; isolation
• May be annual events by 2080, from climate change
• Europe, 2003: 70,000 deaths from heat wave
• Russia, 2010: 50,000 deaths from heat wave
Source: Eric Klinenberg, Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago,
2nd Ed., 2015, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

• In Chicago, politicians, civic leaders & press denied
or minimized what had clearly happened
• County Medical Examiner refused to go along with
the accepted narrative & documented each death
• Then it took a determined young sociologist five
years to uncover & document the truth
• Are we in similar states of denial about climate
change, sea level rise and our own vulnerabilities?
– >40 percent of U.S. lives in shoreline counties
* Source: Amitav Ghosh, The Great Derangement, 2016, U of Chicago Press

• Climate change is happening
– Likely to lead to more extreme heat events
– Water supplies will get stressed
• Extreme events have a human face
• Climate refugees will migrate
– Not just in places like Ethiopia or Sudan
– Most refugees will migrate in country
– U.S. will have climate refugees before 2050!
• Social interventions can mitigate hardships
• Resiliency: key planning concept

• Tucson pioneered urban watershed management
– Cultural as much as technical
– Rainwater harvesting supports more street trees
• Tucson provides heat shelters for people
– Shade
– Shelter
– Water
• Reduce “urban heat island” effect with better
planning & development standards

• Heat Wave!
• 3P’s of Sustainability
• Megatrends
• Climate change
• Green building
• Technology trends
• 5 Action steps

• Climate change
– Global reductions of carbon emissions
– Resilience vs. likely climate changes
• Green buildings
• Technology trends
– Smart buildings
– Smart cities

• Real, impactful, accelerating
– Huge potential impacts in/on West Texas
• Future climate likely to be drier and hotter
– Accelerated demand on water resources
– Conflict between cites and farms is guaranteed
– Heat waves more pronounced: longer, hotter

• U.S. Commercial Office - 30 largest
markets:
– 38% of area certified to LEED or
Energy Star, or both
• 1.4 billion sq.ft. total
• LEED represents about 5% of total
comm’l office buildings but 19% of area
– New driving forces:
• Productivity Gains
• Health Benefits
Source: CBRE 2017 Adoption Report

• Not what you may think!
• Of the 3P’s, what’s the most
important?
– Profit?
– Planet?
– People?

Source: US DOE/EIA; Architecture 2030

• Healthy buildings are the new “green” buildings
• Easy & cheap to design healthy-er new buildings
– Mainly deal with better HVAC systems
– Product selection also important
• FEMA trailers post-Katrina – formaldehyde-filled!
• There’s still a lot we don’t know, but…

• “We found that breathing better air led to
significantly better decision-making performance
among our participants.
• “We saw higher test scores across nine cognitive
function domains when workers were exposed to
increased ventilation rates, lower levels of chemicals,
and lower carbon dioxide.”
• -- Joseph Allen, principal investigator, CogFx Study,
Harvard University, Healthy Buildings Program
https://www.memoori.com/harvard-study-supports-growing-body-research-linking-air-quality-productivity/

• “The results showed the biggest improvements in
areas that tested:
– how workers used information to make strategic
decisions
– how they plan, stay prepared, &strategize during crises.
These are exactly the skills needed to be
productive in the knowledge economy.”
-- Joseph Allen, Harvard Healthy Buildings Program
• How would TTU buildings rate? Why not find out?

Real Estate Value
 “Showcase” smart and
sustainable development
 Financially attractive.
 Green buildings
 Net zero energy use
Added Value
 Align to public policy goals.
 Attract major tenants with
smart city solutions
 Big data business
 Manage information flows
Physical Asset Layer
Digital Technology Layer
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“The [digital] network is now a more significant
infrastructure affecting change within a city than physical
public space or traditional infrastructures like road
networks and water grids. Consequently, role of architects
and urbanists (as designers) is rapidly diminishing.”
“One of the urgent projects for our current generation of
architects and urban designers is to tackle ‘imminent tech,’
and play it out in multiple scenarios…”
--Liam Young, Architect, Tomorrow’s Thoughts Today, London

• 2015: 15 Billion (2x)
connected devices
• 2020: 31 Billion (4x)
• 2025: 75 Billion (10x)
• What are the
implications for
building design &
sustainable cities?
Source: Intelligentbuildings.com

 Big Data analytics
 Algorithms measure
sustainability
 Cloud computing - a fresh
start for green building:
 Now 25 years old
 Unified, low-cost approach
 Technology trends are your
friend, moving fast is the
method, ingenuity is the
means

• Offer unified visibility for entire building portfolio
• Reduce human intervention for routine matters
• Scale fast & at low cost to portfolio level
• Provide rule-based decision-making
• Give real-time information for proactive decision-
making (don’t wait for problems to be found)
• Control energy & maintenance costs
• Could easily & cheaply work for all TTU buildings

The Edge, Amsterdam, 98%+ BREEAM rating, 28,000 sensors

• Amsterdam; completed in
2015
• Size: 440,000 sq.ft.
• ULI 2016 “Global Awards for
Excellence”
• Reduces base energy 30%
• Makes 100% of energy used
• Payback on green measures:
8 years

Smart cities: property developers, building
owners, architects, citizens, civic leaders &
urban planners work closely with technology
specialists to achieve common goals

• What do we mean by smart, sustainable cities?
– It can’t be just about reducing carbon emissions
– We also have to consider water-cycle management,
biodiversity & people, mobility and housing
• “How To” Questions:
– Leverage new technologies?
– Measure progress toward goals?
– Rapidly prototype new solutions?
– Accelerate the pace of positive change?
• Are we ready to make these commitments?

• Technology “Megatrends” push everything to
be better, faster, cheaper, more engaging, etc.
• Commercial & corporate building owners
converging toward smart building solutions
– Can we adopt similar approaches at city scale?
• Design & build tech-savvy, connected, “smart”
green buildings & smart green cities

• The PowerHouse Kjørbo,
two renovated office
buildings with 55,000 ft2
near Oslo, USD $19 million
• Produces 2x energy it uses
onsite, with solar panels
• Also generates more
energy than used in
production of building
materials, construction,
operation and disposal.

Frankfurt, Germany - Apartments 30’ wide x 530’ long, 74 units (2015)
Rooftop solar provides more electricity than it uses

Philadelphia Green Stormwater Plan
Green stormwater infrastructure includes a range of soil-water-plant
systems that intercept stormwater, infiltrate some of it into the
ground, evaporate some of it into the air, and in some cases release
some of it slowly back into the storm sewers, preventing flooding.

• Getting it right critical to physical & mental health
• Tools:
– Green roofs
– Stormwater management
• Large-scale/Detroit: Urban farming
• Small-scale: bioswales
• Permable paving & bioswales in parking lots
– Green streets & medians
– Urban tree canopy & biodiversity
– Xeriscaping™ works: low cost, low maintenance

• Allows you to quickly prototype intermediate-scale
approaches to smart cities:
– Take 35 square “blocks” of the urban fabric
– Common energy supply via microgrids & renewables
• Exchange benefits via Blockchain technology
– Integrated water/waste/stormwater management
– Transportation demand management programs
– Reduce insurance costs by creating resiliency
• Why not an ‘X-Prize’ for 1st Eco-District in Lubbock?

• Create rapid sustainability pathways with a focus on
absolute performance measures:
– Energy use: net zero for new projects; 50% less for
renovations & retrofits
– Waste generation: approach net zero by 2030
– Purchasing: use only “planet-positive” products
• These catalogs already exist! GSA uses one
– Carbon accounting: aim at net zero carbon in both
energy use in TTU buildings and building materials for
new construction

Seattle waived 11 code requirements to promote “net zero” living buildings
Bullitt Center, Seattle, Washington –
Net Zero Living Building

• Require all new buildings to be “net zero” energy
& HE – high efficiency – for water demand
• Mobility w/o emissions? Big issue for Texas
• 100% renewable electricity – Easy commitment?
• Electric vehicles – In widespread use by 2030?
– Beijing: air pollution reduction measure
• Urban Ecosystems
– Green roofs for all?

• Texas Tech can play a vital role
– TTU is a small city within a larger city
– Don’t shade your eyes, catalyze!
– Prototype changes you want to see in Lubbock
• Start keeping score
– Sustainability reporting first step
• Set BHAGs – Big Hairy Audacious Goals
– For example, “Zero net impact by 2035”
• Create a Resilience Academy for dry regions

• Reduce energy costs
– 100% renewable electricity well before 2040
• Healthy, more productive workplaces
– Lower health-care costs, higher profits
• Resilience in face of climate-change events
– Flooding and heat waves from extreme events
• Develop centers of expertise to export services to
similar regions such as northern Mexico
– Example: Israel & Drip Irrigation

Put yourself in a position to “win the future”!

Take-Aways

Imagine (a Greener) Lubbock – 2030, 2050, ??

Yudelson on Smart Buildings - Smart Cities

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