2. Injection of a fixed volume of blood
intravenously ,which has been previously
taken from a healthy person into a
patient for therapeutic reasons
Common medical practice
Most often life saving
3. As a doctor its your responsibility to know
Indications for blood transfusions
Collection and storage of blood
Methods of transfusions
Transfusion reactions
4. Acute blood loss
Anemia
Bone marrow failure
Purpura
Clotting factor deficiencies
Preparation for surgery or during surgery
Burns
5.
6. First step is “selection of appropriate
donor “
Rh and ABO typing
Cross matching
Antibody screening of patient or
recipient
7. Healthy
Voluntarily willing donor
Free from any transmissible diseases
Ideal age of 18-60yrs
Hb of male -13g/dl female 12g%
Donor must be screened for HIV,
Hepatitis, Malaria, filaria , lymphomas
8. Major systems are ABO & Rh
ABO incompatibility is immediate
Maybe life threatening
Rh incompatibility could be delayed
9. Blood group is determined by the type of
antigen situated in the surface of RBC
(glycoprotein)
Estimated over 30 blood groups with
more than 400 antigens
Antigens – agglutinogens
Antibodies – agglutinins
Plasma contains antibodies against
antigens which are absent in RBC
surface
10. Medically important blood groups are
ABO system and Rh system
Which are responsible for major
transfusion reactions
Due to cold antibodies other groups are
not important
Some important minor blood groups
MNS, Lewis , Kell, Lutheran
11.
12.
13. Universal donor O-ve
Universal recipient AB+ve
This method does not assure
compatibility
Reaction may occur due to minor
groups
Cross matching should be done
However this method is useful in
emergency conditions
14. MAJOR : Donors cells are matched
against recipient’s plasma
MINOR : recipient's cells are matched
with donors plasma
Antibody screening of patient
15. Vein puncture (mostly antecubital vein ) is
done to collect blood
350ML of blood is collected at a time from
a single donor
Blood bag contains anti-coagulent 50-70Ml
Anti-coagulent used consist of citrate
phosphate and dextrose
Bleeding time is 7-10 minutes
BP Heart Rate are monitored before and
after bleeding
16.
17.
18. Some degree of diaphoresis ,
bradycardia , hypertension and dizziness
is experienced
Donors are advised not to go for work for
the rest of the day
To avoid strenuous exercise
And should donate blood only after a
3months interval
19.
20.
21. Stored in a blood bank at 4°C
Ideally for two weeks
Max of three weeks
Should never be used after 30days
After which haemolysis occurs beyond
use
22.
23. Changes due to reduction in metabolism
Reduced Na+ K+ pump activity
Increase in intra cellular Na and
decrease K
Cells swell and become spherical
Leukocyte and platelets totally
disappear after 1- 2 days
ATP inside the cell decreases
24. Within 24 hours metabolism increases
Na+ K+ activity is regained
80% of RBC survival if transfusion is done
within 14 days
25. DUE TO MISMATCHED TRANSFUSION
shivering and fever
jaundice
haemoglobinuria
ARF
hyperkalemia
27. Occurs when more than 10units within 24
hours
Or total blood volume is exchanged
within 24 hours
This leads to circulatory overload
Cardiac arrest due to hyperkalemia