The presentation about use to the solar ponds in the heating of buildings.

1. Presented by
Yasser Abidnoor Jabar
2018

2. OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHAT is THE SOLAR POND ?
WORKING PRINCIPLES
3. TYPES of SOLAR PONDS
1. NON-CONVECTING SOLAR POND
2. CONVECTING SOLAR POND
4. APPLICATIONS
5. EXAMPLES of SOLAR PONDS
6. ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of THE SOLAR
PONDS
7. REFERENCES

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
 The sun is the main source of energy.
 It mainly consists of the Hydrogen
isotopes.
 The energy is produced due to the nuclear
fusion of Tritium and Deuterium.

4. 2. WHAT IS THE SOLAR POND ?
 Solar ponds represent one of the simplest
methods for directly collecting solar
irradiation and converting it to thermal
energy.
 The main type of solar ponds is the Salinity
Gradient Solar Pond (SGSP).
 The principle of (SGSP) is divided to
THREE layers (zones). They have different
salt concentration.

5.  The middle zone has gradient salinity. Which prevents
vertical convection and evaporation.
Figure 1: Simplified scheme of a salt-gradient Solar Pond.

6. 2.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Normally the hot water rises up and the cold stays
below due to the convection. But in the solar pond
the middle zone prevents this movement.
 The convection currents occur only within the upper
and the lower zones separately but not within the
middle zone.
 Hence the heat will be accumulated in the LCZ.
From which the heat can be supplied.

7. 3. TYPES OF SOLAR PONDS
There are two general types of solar ponds.
1. NON-CONVECTING SOLAR PONDS.
2. CONVECTING SOLAR PONDS.
Figure 3: A diagram shows the different classifications and types of solar ponds.

8. 4. APPLICATIONS
They applications of the solar ponds are:
1. Heating and Cooling of Buildings.
2. Generating of Power.
3. Desalination by Distillation.
4. Refrigeration.

9. 5. EXAMPLES of SOLAR PONDS
El Paso Solar Pond, Texas
It was a research project of the University of Texas and
was running for several years. It has a surface of 3,000
m2 and is 3.2 m deep.
Figure 4: El Paso Solar Pond.

10. Beith Ha’Avara Solar Pond, Palestine
It is located in the West Bank in Palestine. Was the
largest solar pond ever built. Its area was first
estimated 1,000,000 m2 where an irradiation of
1850 kW/ m2 per year was assumed.
Bhuj Solar Pond, India
The solar pond in Bhuj has a surface of 6,000m2
and heats up to about 70oC. It is 3m deep, and
supplies the gained heat to a factory.

11. 6. ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES
 Low investment costs per installed collection area.
 Thermal storage is incorporated into the collector
and it is of very low cost.
 Diffuse radiation (cloudy days) is fully used.
 Very large surface area is needed, thus large scale
energy generation is possible.
 Expensive cleaning of large collector surfaces in
dusty areas is required.

12. 7. REFERENCES
 [1] B. Schober (2010), “Membrane Stratified Solar Ponds”, Master
Dissertation, University of Gävle, pp. 1.
 [2] J. F. Kreider and F. Kreith (1982), “Solar heating and Cooling Active and
Passive Design”, 2nd edn. London : Hemisphere, pp. 284.
 [3] H. P. Garg (2000), "Solar Energy: fundamentals and applications”, pp. 94.
 [4] Ibrahim Alenezi (2012), " Salinity Gradient Solar Ponds: Theoretical
Modelling and Integration with Desalination", PH. Thesis, University of
Surrey.
 [6] J.A. Duffie and W. A. Beckman (2006), “Solar engineering of thermal
processes”, 3rd edn..
 [7] H. P. Garg (1987), “Advances in solar energy technology: collection and
storage systems”, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, Vol. 1.
 [8] H. E. Willsie (1909), “Experiments on the development of power from the
sun's heat” Engineering news, Vol.61, pp. 511.
 [9] M. L. Khanna (1939), “A portable-type solar water heater”, Solar Energy,
Vol. 15, pp. 269.

13.  [10] W. B. Harris, R. R. Davison, and D. W. Hood (1965), “Design and operating
characteristics of an experimental solar water heater”, Solar Energy, Vol. 39, pp.
193-196.
 [11] L. Huanmin and H. P. Andrew (2001), “El Paso Solar Pond”, Journal of Solar
Energy Engineering, Vol. 123, Issue 3, pp. 178.
 [12] C. Nielson, A. Akbarzedeh, J. Andrews, H. Becerra, and P. Golding (2005),
“The History of Solar Pond Science & Technology”, Proceedings of the
International Solar Energy Society.
 [13] Solar gradient solar ponds, http://www.teriin.org/tech_solarponds.php, TERI
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.
 [14] V. Karaka, Ch. Goutham, and K. Siva (2013), “Solar Pond Technology”,
International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, Vol. 1, Issue 2,
pp. 9.
 [15] N. Robinson (1996), “Solar Radiation”, New York: Elsevier.
 [16] W. H. McAdams (1954), “Heat transmission”, 3rd edn., Tokyo, Japan: McGraw-
Hill Kogakusha, pp. 249.
 [17] M. Karakilcik (2006), “Experimental and theoretical temperature distributions
in a solar pond”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, pp. 825–
835.