Galaxies

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Galaxies By: Beth Hrabik

Profiencey # 1: I can analyze galaxies and the differences between galaxies. I will compare the Milky Way Galaxy to other types of galaxies.

What Are Some Types of Galaxies? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Type of Galaxies Spiral Galaxy Elliptical Galaxy Irregular Galaxy

Milky Way ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Irregular Galaxy ,[object Object],[object Object]

Citations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Sp10Name: ________________________________ Lab Report for Lab #9:Where in the Milky Way Are We? Part I: The shape of the Milky Way 1. Look up the morphological classification of the Milky Way. There is a bit more to it than “spiral”. Look for information on morphological classification in text books and/or online. Find out the shape of the Milky Way galaxy. [Type answer here] 2. Identify the parts the Milky Way. Some possible parts of a galaxy are: bulge, disk, halo, bar, or arm. Knowing the type of galaxy the Milky Way is, you should be able to identify the types of features the Milky Way has. Create a physical model of the Milky Way and identify the features it has. (A globe is an example of a physical model of Earth.) Describe your model and label all possible parts. [Type answer here] 3. Use your planetarium software to observe the Milky Way from the northern and southern hemispheres. Based on your observations (without the aid of telescopes or other wavelengths of light outside the visible range) explain how these observations support the conclusion that we live in a galaxy with the shape of your model. Further, determine in what part of the galaxy the Sun must be located to see the Milky Way as we do. [Type answers here] Part II: Mapping the Milky Way with Globular Clusters Galaxies like the Milky Way have objects, called “globular clusters” that exist in the outer regions of the galaxy (or halo). Globular clusters are dense clusters of stars that are generally free of gas and dust. In galaxies like the Milky Way, the gas and dust are located primarily in the disk. If we want to look for objects that we can see clearly (with no interference from gas and dust) we must observe objects in the halo. In the late 19th century an astronomer named Harlow Shapley devised an experiment to determine the position of Earth in the universe using globular clusters. He chose these objects because of their apparent lack of interaction with the gas and dust in the Milky Way. Step 4.Explain how Shapley’s experiment could be used to determine the position of Earth within the Milky Way. Given what you already know about the part of the galaxy in which the Sun is located and the information about globular clusters, what information would Shapley need to figure out the position of Earth? For about how many globular clusters do you think he would need to get this information to determine the position of Earth? Describe the experiment and list the steps one would need to take. [Type answers here] Step 5. As a group, devise a method for determining the position of Earth within the Milky Way using globular clusters. Decide how many globular clusters you want to observe. Decide what information you need to do the analysis. There may be many different ways of analyzing the data, there does not need to be group consensus for the analysis, but each method that is used should be discussed with the group. [Type answers here] 6. Gather the data you need from .

Sp10Name ________________________________Lab Report for Lab #.docx

Sp10Name ________________________________Lab Report for Lab #.docx

Sp10Name ________________________________Lab Report for Lab #.docx

Materials Required: Computer and internet access Calculator Ruler Pencils and pens, eraser Digital camera and/or scanner Print out Galaxy Image Prints document Total Time Required: Approximately 2-3 Hours Part 1. The Local Group In Table 1, you will find a list of most of the galaxies in the Local Group. This group is made up of our own galaxy, the Milky Way, and its closest neighbors. (Note: 1 kpc = 1 kiloparsec = 1000 parsec; 1 parsec = 3.26 light years) Table 1. Galaxies of the Local Group Name Distance (kpc) Diameter (kpc) Name Distance (kpc) Diameter (kpc) Milky Way - 40.0 IC 1522 610 1.5 Sculptor 60 0.3 WLM 610 2.1 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) 60 6.1 Andromeda I 675 0.6 Carina 90 0.2 Andromeda II 675 0.6 Draco 90 0.2 Andromeda III 675 0.9 Ursa Minor 90 0.3 M32 675 1.5 Sextans I 90 0.9 NGC 185 675 1.8 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) 90 4.6 NGC 147 675 3.1 Fornax 150 0.9 NGC 205 675 3.1 Leo II 185 0.2 M31 (Andromeda Galaxy) 675 61 Leo I 185 0.3 IC 1613 765 3.7 NGC 6822 520 2.5 M33 (Triangulum Galaxy) 765 14.0 DDO 210 920 1.2 Below is a visual representation of our Local Group of galaxies. You can access and zoom into this image to see galaxies more clearly using this link Local Group . Figure 1. Local Group Visualization. Type and label your answers to the below questions in your lab report. Using Table 1 above and noting the diameters of the galaxies, which five galaxies in the Local Group are the largest? In a few sentences, compare the sizes of the other galaxies in the Local Group to the two largest ones. Which three galaxies have the largest angular size (not including the Milky Way)? These galaxies are the ones that look the largest in the sky. Explain how you get your answer. By hand and with pencil, create a scale drawing of the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud, showing their relative sizes and the distance between them in kiloparsecs (the galaxies can be represented by circles). Write down the scale you use , and your calculations to find the scaled-down sizes and distance. (An example of a good scale to use would like something like: 5 mm = 10 kpc, also see this site Basic-Mathematics.com for more information on scaling.) You will photo your drawing and insert it into your lab report. Figure 2. Local Supercluster Print Image courtesy of Palomar Sky Survey Photographs As you have already seen, galaxies can vary a lot in size. Now, we will look at how their shapes are different. Two basic types of galaxies are the spiral galaxies and the elliptical galaxies. Spiral galaxies have a disk-like structure,and a central bulge. Our own Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. Elliptical galaxies appear round, looking a lot like a football .

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Galaxies

1. Galaxies By: Beth Hrabik

2. Profiencey # 1: I can analyze galaxies and the differences between galaxies. I will compare the Milky Way Galaxy to other types of galaxies.

3.

4. Type of Galaxies Spiral Galaxy Elliptical Galaxy Irregular Galaxy

5.

6.

7.