3. Nano particles
• A material or structure has at least one dimension in the
Nano range, which is called as Nanomaterial or
Nanostructure.
• Nano is the scale range between in (1-100)nm.
• cm = 10-2
m, mm = 10-3
m, μm = 10-6
m, nm = 10-9
m, pm=10-12
m
• Atom ≈ 0.1 nm , DNA (width) 2 nm , Protein 5 –50 nm.
Virus 75 -100nm , Materials internalized by cells < 100 nm
4. Nano particles
Nanoparticles of a defined material, e.g. gold or silicon, may
exhibit completely different optical, electronic and chemical
behaviour compared to bulk gold or silicon.
Nanoparticles often have unexpected visible properties
because they are small enough to scatter visible light rather
than absorb it.
Gold particles in glass
25 nm —red reflected
50 nm —green reflected
100 nm —orange reflected
5. What is Synthesis ?
• Synthesis refers to a combination of two or more
entities that together form something new.
Synthesis mainly classified into two approaches.
1. Bottom-up approach
2. Top-down approach
8. SOLUTION COMBUSTION
SYNTHESIS
• Solution combustion (SC) is an effective method for synthesis
of nano-size materials and it has been used for the production
of a variety more than 1000.
• It is a traditional method.
• EX: ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3 Nano particles can synthesized.
9. START
START
SELECT THE OXIDIZER & FUEL
SELECT THE OXIDIZER & FUEL
SOLVE THE CHEMICAL EQUATION
SOLVE THE CHEMICAL EQUATION
TAKE PROPORTIONAL QUANTITY OF CHEMICAL AND PUT
ON HEATER
TAKE PROPORTIONAL QUANTITY OF CHEMICAL AND PUT
ON HEATER
FLOW CHART FOR THE SOLUTION
COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS
10. STOP
STOP
OBSERVE THE PROCESS WHILE HEATING THE MIXER
OBSERVE THE PROCESS WHILE HEATING THE MIXER
AFTER COMPLETED PROCESS, TAKE THE MATERIAL
COMPLETELY
AFTER COMPLETED PROCESS, TAKE THE MATERIAL
COMPLETELY
GO FOR THE CALCINATION
GO FOR THE CALCINATION
11. Select the chemical
• Choose the chemical such that from which we can get the
resultant component.
• Ex: Oxidizer
– For CuO Cu(NO3)2 Copper Nitrate
– For ZnO Zn(NO3)2- Zinc Nitrate.
• Choose the fuel such as containing
carbon and hydrogen main components
• Ex:
• C2H5NO2 Glycine
• C6H8O6 Ascorbic acid
15. QUANTITY
• Choose the oxidizer and fuel by
calculating the (molecular
weight * balancing constant).
• Take the ratio of fuel/ oxidizer.
• By using the electrical balance
take the chemicals into butter
worth paper.
20. PROCEDURE
• After cooling the container, collect the material
from the container.
• And send for the calcination.
21. CALCINATION
• Thermal decomposition, phase transition, or removal of a
volatile fraction.
• The calcination process normally takes place at temperatures
below the melting point of the product materials.
• For CuO, the desired temperature
is 6000c
and calcined the sample
for atleast half an hour so that
carbon will reduce to carbon dioxide.
22.
23. SEM picture of CuO nanoparticles TEM picture of CuO nanoparticles
24. ADVANTAGE OF SCS
• 20-50 nm size nanoparticles can synthesis.
• Less time is required.
• No Inert gas in required.
• No need of vacuum.
• Less cost.
