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Cite the Site
Referencing digital media

William Cromar, MFA
Lecturer, New Media in Art

Cite the Site

Cite the Site

Searching + Sampling
Copyright Law + Plagiarism
Fair Use + Appropriation
Free Culture + Public Domain
CopyLeft + CC
Stock Media + Mashups
PSU Media Commons Resources
MLA Citation for Digital Media

http://wiki.digital-foundations.net/index.php?title=Chapter_2_Sandbox

?
http://openiconlibrary.sourceforge.net/ via http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Open_Icon_Library

CopyLeft + CC

http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~eroberts/cs201/projects/communism-computing-china/censorship.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mona_Lisa,_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci,_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg
http://www.aiwaz.net/panopticon/L.H.O.O.Q.,-readymade/gi1597c234

http://www.aftersherrielevine.com/index.html

Walker Evans, Sherrie Levine, Michael Mandiberg,
CopyLeft + CC Allie Mae Burroughs, Hale County, Alabama, Untitled from After Walker Evans, Untitled (AfterSherrieLevine.com/2.jpg),
Stock Media + Mashups photographic print,1936 photographic print, 1981 digital ﬁle, 2001


http://www.aftersherrielevine.com/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mona_Lisa,_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci,_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg
http://www.aiwaz.net/panopticon/L.H.O.O.Q.,-readymade/gi1597c234

Material is protected by copyright unless:

1. the use qualiﬁes as fair use
2. the image is in the public domain because the
author declares it is, or because it is old enough that
Searching + Sampling the copyright has expired
Copyright Law + Plagiarism 3. the author licenses it under an alternative model
Free Culture + Public Domain Fair use is not piracy! Fair use is legitimate and legal
use of copyrighted media, as protected by copyright
CopyLeft + CC law. Fair use is free speech. Fair use is not ﬁle sharing.


Fair use is determined by:

1.The purpose of the derivative work

2.The nature of the derived content: copyright does
Searching + Sampling not limit use of the facts or ideas conveyed by an
Copyright Law + Plagiarism original work, only the original creative expression
Free Culture + Public Domain 3.The amount of original work used
CopyLeft + CC
Stock Media + Mashups 4.The effect that the new work has on the
potential or actual market value of the original


CopyLeft + CC
PSU Media Commons Resources Kenneth Tin-Kin Hung,
MLA Citation for Digital Media 60X1,
2001


Andy Warhol,
CopyLeft + CC 32 Campbell’s Soup Cans,
Stock Media + Mashups paint on canvas, 1962


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%27s_Soup_Cans
http://www.campbellsoup.com/Products/Condensed/All

CopyLeft + CC
Stock Media + Mashups WIKIMEDIA
COMMONS

http://openiconlibrary.sourceforge.net/ via http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Open_Icon_Library

CopyLeft + CC
PSU Media Commons Resources http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page


CopyLeft + CC
MLA Citation for Digital Media http://www.ﬂickr.com/


Copyright Law + Plagiarism http://creativecommons.org/
CopyLeft + CC


0. the freedom to use the work,

1. the freedom to study the work,

2. the freedom to copy and share the work with others,

3. the freedom to modify the work, and the freedom to
Searching + Sampling distribute modiﬁed and therefore derivative works.
CopyLeft + CC


1. Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Least freedom to others. The work
cannot be used for commercial purposes, derivative works cannot be made. A collage cannot be made from it.

2. Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (by-nc-sa). Allows others to build upon original
work.This work could legally be used in a collage if also licensed in the same manner, with a CC by-nc-sa.

3. Attribution Non-commercial (by-nc). Allows others to build upon the original work without
having to license it as a CC by-nc. This work could be used, legally, in a collage for non-commercial purposes.
Copyright Law + Plagiarism 4. Attribution No Derivatives (by-nd). Allows others to use the work as it is, without making
derivative work, for any purpose (commercial or non-commercial).
Free Culture + Public Domain 5. Attribution Share Alike (by-sa). Allows others to use the work as it is or in derivative forms, for
commercial and noncommercial purposes, if licensed with the same CC by-sa license.
CopyLeft + CC
Stock Media + Mashups 6. Attribution (by). Provides the most freedom to others who want to use the work.



CopyLeft + CC

http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-photo-4748268-businessman-talking-on-cellphone.php
http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-photo-3584537-writing.php
http://www.stockphotorights.com/about/ http://www.iconarchive.com/show/puck-icons-by-deleket/Getty-Images-icon.html

Copyright Law + Plagiarism From the series Wish You Were Here! Postcards
From Our Awesome Future, Packard Jennings
Fair Use + Appropriation and Steve Lambert, 2007, 6' by 4' giclée prints

CopyLeft + CC

http://www.iconarchive.com/show/puck-icons-by-deleket/Getty-Images-icon.html

CopyLeft + CC
Stock Media + Mashups Shepard Fairey v. Associated Press...
Copyright violation or Fair Use?

http://clatl.com/culturesurﬁng/archives/2011/01/12/ap-and-shepard-fairey-have-a-posse
http://www.iconarchive.com/show/puck-icons-by-deleket/Getty-Images-icon.html

Copyright Law + Plagiarism http://mediacommons.psu.edu/
CopyLeft + CC


Copyright Law + Plagiarism http://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/lls/
Fair Use + Appropriation students/mla_citation.html
CopyLeft + CC

http://www.georgetown.edu/story/1242667451238.html

Web Sites
Important Elements
• Author (if known)
• Title of Web site (in italics)
• Publisher or sponsor
• Date of publication (if no date given use n.d. for no date)
• Medium of Publication (Web)
• Date you accessed the information
Note: MLA style recommends including the URLs for websites only if the source cannot be
Copyright Law + Plagiarism readily located without the URL. If you wish to include the URL, put it in angle brackets after the
date of access. Break URLS only after slashes. Example: <http://www.mla.org/style>
Free Culture + Public Domain Web site with author

CopyLeft + CC Kraizer, Sherryll. Safe Child. Coalition for Children, Inc. 2008. Web. 5 Feb. 2009.

Stock Media + Mashups Web site with unknown author
PSU Media Commons Resources The Nittany Lion Mascot. Penn State University. 2006. Web. 5 Feb. 2009.



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Editor's Notes