1. Upper limb and Lower
limb

2. Clavicle:normal appearance,cortex intact

3. Acromioclavicular joint:

4. • The inferior margin of the acromion and clavicle are well aligned
Indicating the integrity of the acromiocalvicular ligament
• Coracoid is not widely separted-indicating integrity of coracoclavicular
ligaments.

5. Normal shoulder joint AP view:
the humeral head and glenoids contours aligned normally.

6. Normal shoulder joint y-view:

7. Shoulder joint –normal Y-view
• The Y-view is so named because of “Y” shape of scapula when
looking at it laterally
• The humeral head is correctly aligned-it overlies the glenoid and
positioned posterior to coracoid

8. Normal shoulder joint axial view:
the glenohumeral joint is aligned normally
the acromioclavicular joint is aligned normally

9. Ultrasound:shoulder joint

10. CT scan shoulder joint

11. CT scan shoulder joint

13. scapula

14. Scapula :Normal
• Anatomical parts of the scapula include-
body,neck,glenoid,coracoid,spine and acromion
• The scapula body has lateral,medial and superior borders

15. Humerus :normal AP view

16. Normal elbow xray 10 years old
• The red ring shows the positionof the external or lateral epicondyle which has not yet
ossified
• C=capitulum R=radial head I=internal epicondyle(medial) T=trochlea O=olecranon

17. Normal elbow 7 year old lateral
• Normal anterior fat pad
• More than one third of the capitulum lies infront of the anterior humeral line

18. 7 year old xray elbow -ap
• The first three ossification centres are visible
• C=capitululm R=radial head I=internal epicondyle T=trochlea (T) has not yet ossified red
ring

19. Wrist AP view:

20. X ray hand PA view:

21. Lower limb

22. Hip X-ray anatomy-Normal AP

23. Hip joint X-ray anatomy
• Shenton’s line is formed by the medial edge of the femoral neck and
the inferior edge of thhe superior pubic ramus
• Lost of contour of shenton’s line is a sign of a fractured neck oof
femur
• Important:fractures of the femoral neck donot always cause loss of
shenton’s line

24. Hip X-ray anatomy –Normal lateral

25. Hip X-ray anatomy –Normal lateral
• The cortex of the proximal femur is intact
• The lateral view is often not so clear because those with hip pain find
the positing required difficult

26. MRI HIP JOINT

27. Femur :AP view

28. X-RAY KNEE JOINT –AP VIEW
THE PATELLA IS NOT OFTEN CLEARLY SEEN ON THIS VIEW

29. KNEE NORMAL :LATERAL(HORIZONTAL BEAM)

30. KNEE NORMAL :LATERAL(HORIZONTAL BEAM)
• The horizontal beam lateral view is useful for assessing soft tissue as
well as bone.
• The quadriceps and patellar tendons are visible
• Note the normal supra patellar pouch between fat pads above the
patella(asterisks).widening of these fat pads or increased density in
this area can indicate a knee joint effusion

31. BIPARTITE PATELLA:

32. BIPARTITE PATELLA:
• The patella is bipartite (in two parts)-a common normal variant
• Note:injury to the interface of the two components is possible which
may be symptomatic

33. Knee normal skyline view:

34. Knee normal skyline view:
• Not usually indicated in the context of trauma
• More helpful to assess knee pain due to suspected patellofemoral
compartment osteoarthritis)
• Normal patella femoral compartment spacing(arrowheads)

35. Ultrasound knee joint

36. MRI –KNEE JOINT

37. MRI KNEE JOINT

38. KNEE :FABELLA

39. KNEE :FABELLA
• A FABELLA IS A NORAMAL SESAMOID BONE OF THE LATERAL HEAD
OF GASTROCNEMIUS TENDON-NOT TO BE MISTAKEN FOR A
FRACTURE OR LOOSE BODY

40. Ankle anatomy:normal AP ‘mortise’

41. Ankle anatomy:normal AP ‘mortise’
• The weight bearing portion is formed by the tibial plafond and talar
dome
• The joint extends into the lateral gutter’(1)and the medial gutter’(2)
• The joint is evenly spaced throughout

42. Ankle bone and ligament anatomy
The ankle is stabilized by multiple ligament is not visible with x-ray