Issues and challenges of implementing RTE Act 2009 in Jharkhand.

1. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE
RTE ACT-2009 IN TRIBALAREAS OF JHARKHAND
Vishal kumar
Research Scholar
Central University of South Bihar

2. Introduction:
Jharkhand state literacy rate of tribes is 40.7. The literacy rate
among the tribes is much below to that of all STs at national level
(47.1 percent).Similarly the overall literacy rate among the STs
male and female literacy rate (54 percent and 27.2 percent) are
also considerably lower than those at the national level (59.2
percent and 34.8 percent).

3. The government of India has implemented the Right of free
and compulsory education since 1st April 2010. Important
features of the Act are: Every child from 6 to 14 years of age
has right to free compulsory education in neighbourhood
school till completion of elementary education; private
school must take quarter in their class, children from weaker
section and disadvantage group; No child will be held back
or expelled till completion of elementary education; No child
shall be subjected to physical punishment or mental
harassment etc. So after implementation of RTE Act, 2009
the literacy rate of tribes is increasing day by day and this
way RTE can bring continuous change and development in
life of tribes.

4. Main Features of the Right to Education Act 2009
• Free and Compulsory education to all the children of India in the 6-14 age
group
• No child shall be held back, expelled, or required to pass a board
examination until completion of elementary education.
• A child who completes elementary education shall be awarded a certificate.
• It calls for a fined student-teacher ratio.
• Provides for 25%reservation for economically disadvantaged communities in
admission to class one in all private schools.

5. • Mandates improvement in quality of education.
• No child shall be denied admission in a school for lack of age
proof.
• This act will apply to all of India except J&K.
• Financial burden will be shared between Central and State
government. The Centre shall contribute 60%and the balance
40% shall be borne by the States.

6. Methodology
The survey method was used to ascertain the Issues and
Challenges in implementation the RTE Act in tribal areas of
Jharkhand. The population of the study was all the HMs, teachers
and SMCs members of the East Singhbhum and Ranchi district. Two
blocks were selected randomly from each district. From each block
6 schools were selected randomly. From each schools HM, teachers
and 1 SMC member were selected conventionally. semi-structured
interview schedule for HMs and SMCs members.

7. Issues & Problems in Implementation of the RTE:
A large section of tribal parents do not send their children to school to utilise
the free education opportunities offered to them.
The problems associated with the education of tribal children in India are
manifold, complex and inter-related. Factors like poverty, apathy of the
parents and children, superstitions and prejudice, lack of suitable teacher,
alien language, inadequate facilities in the educational institutions and
wastage and stagnation causes major hindrances in the process of education
in the tribal schools, schools located in tribal areas and spread of tribal
education.

8. Both the tribal and non-tribal teachers find it very difficult to convince the
tribal to send their children to school. Psychological and social factors like
illiteracy of the parents and their indifference to education, lack of
encouragement by the community, motivation and “insecurity” of future for
being educated.
The scattered population with low density and location of schools at a long
distance, in consequence, has resulted in the indifferences of the parents to
send their children to walk along to reach the school. School buildings in the
tribal areas are without basic infrastructural facilities.
The schools basically have thatched roofs, dilapidated walls and non-pastoral
floors. In addition to poor maintenance of the school and class rooms,
inadequate teaching-learning materials such as blackboards and chalks causes
problems for the teachers and students in teaching and understanding the
content.

9. Major Issues and Problems
• Language
• Poverty
• Lack of awareness among Parents
• Single Teacher School
• Infrastructure
• Trained and Qualified Teachers