front page of embedded system report

1. A
TRAINING REPORT
On
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
At
(CENTRE for ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE)
Jhalana Doongri, Jaipur-302004(Raj.)
SESSION 2015-2016
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Dr. U.S. Modani Vinod Kumar Yadav
(Head Deptt. of ECE) (12EEAEC094)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE AJMER
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Rajasthan)
NH-8, Barliya Circle, Ajmer (RAJASTHAN)-305001

2. ABSTRACT
Many embedded systems have substantially different design constraints than desktop
computing applications. No single characterization applies to the diverse spectrum of
embedded systems. However, some combination of cost pressure, long life-cycle, reliability
requirements, and design culture dysfunction can make it difficult to be successful applying
traditional computer design methodologies and tools to embedded applications. Embedded
systems in many cases must be optimized for life-cycle and business-driven factors rather
than for maximum computing throughput. There is currently little tool support for expanding
embedded computer design to the scope of holistic embedded system design. However,
knowing the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches can set expectations
appropriately, identify risk areas to tool adopters, and suggest ways in which tool builders can
meet industrial needs.

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that successful completion of any task would be incomplete without the
mention of people whose case less cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance
and encouragement crown all the effort with success.
A scholarly and quality work like this can be accomplished by motivation, guidance
and inspiration of certain quarters besides the individual’s efforts.
At the onset, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to CENTER for
ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE for giving me a valuable opportunity to undergo project
training at EMBEDDED SYSTEM, assigning me topic of my choice.
In sincere hope of continuance of the endeavors so implanted in our still grasping
minds, we are sure that with the information provided by us the subject we shall always be in
position to build upon this foundation rock and remain steadfast to commitment.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr. U. S. Modani (Head Deptt. of ECE),
for giving me permission to take this training.
VINOD KUMAR YADAV
(12EEAEC094)

4. CONTENTS
CHAPTER
NO.
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM 1
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Embedded System 1
1.3. Examples of Embedded System 2
1.4. Difference- Embedded and PC 3
1.5. Components of an Embedded Systems 3
1.6. Features of an Embedded System 4
1.7. Classification of Embedded Systems 4
1.8. Advantage 6
2. MICROCONTROLLERS 8
2.1. Introduction 8
2.2. Definition of a Microcontroller 8
2.3. 8051 Architecture 10
2.4. Pin out Description 12
2.5. Typical Applications 19

5. 3. INTERFACING 21
3.1. Need of Interfacing 21
3.2. Interfacing With LED 22
3.3. LCD Interfacing 24
3.4. Keypad Interfacing 29
3.5. Seven Segment LEDs 32
4. C PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES FOR 8051 36
4.1. Why Use C? 36
4.2. Key Features Of Embedded C 36
4.3. Simple Way Of Programming 36
4.4. Supports Following Data Types 37
4.5. Description of The Project 38
5. SOFTWARES 46
CONCLUSION 47
BIBLOGRAPHY 48

6. FIGURE INDEX
FIGURE
NO.
TITLE PAGE NO.
Figure1.1 Example of Embedded System 2
Figure2.1 Microcontroller IC 8
Figure2.2 Showing a typical microcontroller device and its different
subunits
10
Figure2.3 8051 architecture 11
Figure2.4 Pin configuration of microcontroller 12
Figure2.5 Reset circuit of microcontroller 15
Figure2.6 Crystal Oscillator 15
Figure2.7 Ram Architecture 16
Figure2.8 Simplified central processing unit with three registers 19
Figure3.1 Microcontroller Interfaces 21
Figure3.2 LED Interfacing of 8051 Microcontroller Circuit Diagram 22
Figure3.3 Pin configuration for 16 X 2 LCD 24
Figure3.4 Circuit of Interfacing LCD To 8051 26
Figure3.5 Matrix Keypad 29
Figure3.6 keypad Interface 30
Figure3.7 7 segment display 31

7. Figure3.8 Interfacing 7 Segment Display to 8051 Circuit Diagram 32
Figure4.1
Circuit Diagram of Password Based Door Lock System
using 8051 Microcontroller 39