long self life of fruits and vegetables

1. Long self life of fruits and
vegetables
Vimal priya subramanian
2nd msc botany
18mbo027
PSGR. KRISHAMMAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

3. OBJECTIVES OF STORAGE
• Increase the time of fresh state
• Slow biological activity of the produce at low
temperature with controlled temperature
• Reduce product drying and slow growth of
microorganisms

4. ADVANTAGES OF DELAYED
FRUIT RIPENING
• It extends the shelf life, keeping the quality of
the fruit intact.
• Long distance transprt becomes easy without
damage to fruits.
• Slow ripening improves the flavor.
• Delayed fruit ripening work has been
extensively carried out in tamatoes.

5. Biochemical changes in fruit ripening
• Increased respiration
• Rapidly increase the synthesis of ethylene
• As the chlorophyll discarded then then red
pigment lycopene is synthesized
• After the fruit become softened

6. Genetic manipulation of fruit ripening
• Manipulation of enzyme polygalacturonase
• Manipulation of ethylene biosynthesis

7. Manipulation of enzyme
polygalacturonase
• Softening of fruits is largely due to degradation
of cell wall(pectin) by enzyme
polygalacturonase(PG).
• The gene encoding PG has been isolated and
cloned(PTOM6) .

8. Procedure involves;
• Isolation of DNA from tomato plant that
encode the enzyme polygalacturanase(PG).
• Transfer of PG gene to a vector bacteria and
production of complementary DNA (cDNA)
molecules.
• Indroduction of cDNA into a fresh tomato
plant to produce transgenic plant.

9. Manipulation of ethylene biosynthesis
• Ethylene plays a key role in ripening of fruits.
• Ethylene is synthesized from s-adenosyl
methionine via the formation of an
intermediate 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxlic
acid (ACC) catalyzed by ACC synthase.
• Next step is conversion of ACC to ethylene by
ACC oxidase.

10. 3 different strategies have been
developed to block ethylene
biosyntheses
1.Antisense gene of ACC oxidase;transgenic
plant with antisense gene of ACC oxidase have
been developed. In these plants production of
ethylene was reduced by about 97%.

11. Cont..
2. Antisense gene of ACC synthase;
Ethylene biosynthesis was inhibited to an extent
of 99.5% by inserting antisense gene of ACC
synthase and the tomato ripening was
markedly delayed.

12. Cont..
3.Inserting of ACC deaminase gene;
ACC deaminase is a bacterial enzyme.
. It acts on ACC and consequently substrate
availability for ethylene biosynthesis is
reduced.
. Bacterial gene encoding ACC deaminase has
been trasferred and expressed in tomato
plants.
. Ethylene biosynthesis is inhibited up to 90%
in these plants. Fruit ripening is delayed about
6 weeks.

13. chrysanthemum
• For transport, before disparching, rooted plants
are given less H2O than the required for a few
days.
• At lower density planting, 912 plants/m2
single stem//plant),cultivars like chandrama,
corsa have max. vase life (of 40-43 days).

18. Thanking you