This document discusses refrigeration systems and their components. It describes that refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance or space to lower its temperature. There are three main refrigeration systems: vapor compression, vapor absorption, and thermo-electric. The vapor compression system is the most commonly used and works by changing a refrigerant between vapor and liquid phases using a compressor, condenser, evaporator, and expansion device. Key factors in selecting a refrigerant include its latent heat of vaporization, condensing pressure, and toxicity. The document outlines the purpose and types of the main components of a refrigeration system. Finally, it defines refrigeration load as the rate of heat removal needed to maintain a space's temperature and

1. REFRIGERATION SYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENT;
REFRIGERATION CYCLE AND REFRIGERATION LOAD
Presented by – Vikrant rana (18msfood06)

2. What is Refrigeration??
• Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from substance or space
to reduce its temperature and transferring that heat to another
substance OR
• Refrigeration is providing and maintaining the temperature below
that of the surrounding temperature.
• Unit Of Refrigeration:
• Capacity of a refrigeration unit is expressed in terms of Ton. One ton
of refrigeration is equivalent to the heat of fusion absorbed by
melting 1 short ton of pure ice at 0 °C (32 °F) in 24 hours.

3. History Of Refrigeration:
SOURCE: www.epa.gov

4. REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
• Vapour compression refrigeration system
• Vapour absorption refrigeration system
• Thermo-electric refrigeration system
SOURCE: www.tes.com

5. VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEM
 Most important system from point of domestic and commercial
utility.
 Working fluid refrigerant used in this system readily evaporates
and condenses.
 Changes alternatively between the vapour and liquid phases
without leaving the refrigerating plant.
 During evaporation it absorbs heat from cold body or in
condensing it rejects heat to external hot body.

7. VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
 One of the oldest method of producing refrigerating effect.
 In this system ammonia is used a refrigerant and water as the
absorbent.
 Differs fundamentally from vapour compression system only
in the method employed for compressing the refrigerant.
 In this system compressor is replaced by an absorber,
generator and a pump.
 It uses heat energy instead of mechanical energy as in VC
system in order to change the conditions of refrigerant for
operation of cycle

8. THERMO-ELECTRIC SYSTEM
 In a closed system of dissimilar metals and two junctions is
formed a current will flow between the junctions or the
circuit.
 The two junctions will create a temperature difference
between them.(Peltier effect)
 One junction becomes hot and the other becomes cool.
(Heat flux)
 Also called non cyclic refrigeration.

9. Refrigerator and Refrigerant
• A refrigerator is a reversed heat engine or a heat pump which takes
out heat from a cold body and delivers it to a hot body.
• Refrigerant is a heat carrying medium which during their cycle in a
refrigeration system absorbs heat from

10. REFRIGERANT:
• The work fluid cycling flowing in refrigeration system while transferring energy with
surrounding in order to refrigerate.
• Principle: If the pressure exerted on the surface of a liquid body is reduced, the liquid will
change to the gaseous state more readily, requiring less heat to evaporate.
• Commonly used refrigerants :
• Ammonia : it offers very high latent heat of vaporization among all the refrigerants.
It is non corrosive to iron and steel but corrodes copper, brass and bronze. .
• Freon 12 – dichlorodifloro methane (CCl2F2)
• Freon 22 – monochloro floromethane (CHClF2)
• HFC 134a (CH2FCF3)
SOURCE: www.inwhvac.org

11. SELECTION OF REFRIGERANT:
• Latent heat of vaporization
• Condensing pressure
• Critical temperature
• Toxicity
• Flammability
• Corrosiveness
• Chemical stability
• Cost

12. Refrigeration Equipment

13. Components Of Refrigeration System:
Refrigeration system consists of:
• 1)Compressor
• 2)Condenser
• 3)Evaporator
• 4)Expansion device
Condenser
Compressor
evaporator
Expansion
valve

14. Compressor
A refrigerant compressor is a machine used to compress the
refrigerant from the evaporator and to raise its pressure so that
the corresponding temperature is higher than that of the cooling
medium.
• Types of compressors:
• Open Type compressor.
• Semi-Hermetically compressor.
• Hermetically sealed compressor.

15. Condenser
The condenser is a device used in the high pressure side of a refrigeration
system. Its function is to remove heat of the hot vapor refrigerant discharged
from the compressor.
• Types:
• (a) Air- cooled,
• (b) Water-cooled and
• (c) Evaporative.
As their names imply, air-cooled condensers use air as the cooling medium,
water-cooled condensers use water as the medium and the evaporative
condenser is a combination of the above, i.e. uses both water and air.

16. Evaporators
The process of heat removal from the substance to be cooled or
refrigerated is done in the evaporator. The liquid refrigerant is
vaporized inside the evaporator (coil or shell) in order to remove heat
from a fluid such as air, water etc.
• Types:
• (a)Dry expansion evaporator
• (b)flooded evaporator

17. Expansion Devices
The expansion device which is also known as throttling device, divides
the high pressure side and the low pressure side of a refrigeration
system. It is connected between the receiver and the evaporator.
• Types:
• (a) Capillary tube,
• (b) Float valves,
• (c) Thermostatic expansion valve

18. RECEIVER:
The condensed liquid refrigerant from the
condenser is stored in a vessel known as receiver
from where it is supplied to the expansion valve or
refrigerant control valve.

19. Overall Refrigeration System:
SOURCE: www.araner.com

20. REFRIGERATION LOAD:
• The refrigeration load is the rate of heat energy removal
from a given space in order to lower the temperature.
• Rate at which sensible and latent heat must be removed
from the space to maintain a constant space dry bulb
temperature and humidity.
• Unit- Ton of refrigeration

21. FACTORS AFFECTING REFRIGERATION LOAD:
• Building design
• Internal equipment
• Occupants
• Outdoor weather condition

22. REFERENCES:
• Introduction to Food Engineering by R. Paul Singh & Heldman

23. Thank You