solar boat design

1. PRESENTED BY:-
VIJAY GUPTA
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ID:-2015UEE1764
BATCH:-E4
SUBMITTED TO:-
Mr. NIKHIL GUPTA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
MNIT JAIPUR
Solar-Powered Boat Design Using
Standalone Distributed PV System

2. CONTENT
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Solar boat design and its requirement
 Hardware implementation
 Modified quadratic maximization MPPT algorithm
 System Integration
 Conclusion
 References

3. Abstract-
Due to the shortage for fossil fuel and the environmental
pollution problem, renewable energy application has drawn a
lot of attention worldwide. This paper presents a solar-powered
boat design using distributed PV power system. Distributed PV
system with more than 10 panels using cascaded MPPT
controller provides the flexibility of system design and the
effective use of photovoltaic energy.

4. Introduction-
 In recently years, the shortage of fossil fuels and environmental pollution
awareness are two importance issues that affect people’s daily life.
 Therefore many countries are actively doing research and developing
renewable energy resources.
 Solar energy is one of the most potential options.
 It is found that most of the grid-tied solar PV system is based on the
‘Centralized architecture’. That is, multiple PV panels are connected in series
and in parallel to share one inverter having maximum power point tracker.

5.  Fig. 1 Preliminary design for a solar boat with its general arrangement

6. Solar boat design and its requirement
 Every ship follows its routine preliminary design procedure to decide the ship
size and its hull form.
 When the resistance curve has found, then the power requirement for the
vessel is pre-determined.
 The operation speed and stability issues arise due to the center of gravity of
the PV panels and the battery bank, and they will have greatly impact on the
overall performance of a solar boat.
 To design solar boat, up to 32 PV panels can be installed, and the use of AGM
type battery is more economical than using the Li-ion type battery.

7.  To design the solar boat two possible mechatronic systems can be used
 system 1 always uses solar power to charge the batteries whereas system 2 can
directly feed the solar power into the power system while the ship is running

8. Hardware implementation
A. The central MPPT controller
 The central MPPT controller design is based on the PIC32 micro-controller.
 The controller itself can be powered by either the PV power or an external battery.
By default, it uses 6 UART ports to communicate with 4 PV converters, a personal
computer, and a blue tooth device.
 one controller is capable of controlling 4 PV panels in a standalone PV application. If
necessary, the blue tooth port can be disabled for extra PV panel connection.
 Since it uses UART protocol for communication, multiple controllers can be cascaded
in order to build up a larger PV system for application.

9. B. The power optimizer
 The new buck/boost converter design for single/poly silicon type PV application has
different requirements:
(a) To maintain larger current flowing through the converter but the operation voltage
is smaller than the thin film PV panel;
(b) Self-supported power supply for operation;
(c) PI regulation for voltage control while performing MPPT operation;
 The MOSFET drive for switching control is done by SM72295 PV full bridge drive. The
SM72485, 78L05 and TLV1117 are working together to support stabilized 10V, 5V and
3.3V voltage source

11. Modified quadratic maximization MPPT algorithm
 Because of the noise from one converter will affect the others while
performing the MPPT process, Modified quadratic MPPT algorithm is required.

12.  The tracking algorithm based on the operation of PV output voltage is briefly shown in
Fig. 5,
 Let the three operating voltages are V1, V2, and V3, and they follow the order V1 < V2 <
V3.
 By applying the three operating points V1,V2, and V3 to the PV system, the corresponding
PV array power output P1, P2, and P3 can be measured.
 A quadratic curve (the dashed line) can then be calculated to estimate the possible
maximum power point.
 Depending on the relative positions of (V1, P1), (V2, P2), and (V3, P3) on the power
curve, the QM MPPT introduces three different cases:
 (a) P2 > P1 and P2 > P3;
 (b) P1 > P2 > P3;
 (c) P3 > P2 > P1

13.  For case (a), (V2, P2) is the largest power output among the three working points, indicating
that a local maximum exists in the interval of V1 and V3.
 Thus, the estimated maximum power point can be calculated using a quadratic formula, and
the
smallest power output can be eliminated during the iterative step.
 These results suggest that the remaining points are substantially closer to the target VMPP
after each iterative loop.
 for the second and the third cases, the measured information does not ensure a local maximum
value between V1 and V3;
 Thus, a shifting strategy is enforced to enable a convergent tracking result. When P1 is the
largest, it indicates that three working points are in the right-hand side of the MPP and every
working point must be shifted to the left by a given step size to guarantee the convergent
result.
 Similarly all points are shifted to the right if P3 is found to be the largest.

14. The original QM method has the following limitations:
 Shifting: The difference of V1 and V2, and V2 and V3, are marked by ∆V1 and ∆ V2,
respectively, and are gradually decreased while converging to the MPP. However, if
shifting is required for the subsequent tracking process (case b or c), smaller ∆ V1 or
∆ V2 means extra tracking time for the algorithm.
 Re-tracking: The QM method restarts the MPPT process when a significant change of
output power occurs. If ∆ V1 and ∆ V2 become smaller during previous MPPT process,
they are not suitable for the next iteration and have to be reset in order to restart the
MPPT process, which might deteriorate the efficiency of the MPPT method.

15. Calculations
 For the first case, P2 > P1 and P2 > P3, a possible operating voltage at MPP,
Vest can be estimated by quadratic formula:
 The estimated operating voltage at MPP is closer to the real MPP, VMPP than
V2, and is adopted as the new V2 in the next iteration. Thus, the new
operating points V1,new, V2,new, and V3,new are determined by

16.  Since α and β are less than 1, the new ∆V1 and ∆V2 decrease subsequently during
the MPPT process until converging to VMPP.
 For the second case, P1 > P2 > P3, the new operating points are determined by
 When P3 > P2 > P1, a similar strategy is employed for the third case, and V1,new,
V2,new, and V3,new are determined by

17.  Since the slope at the maximum power point is zero, the convergent condition
of the modified QM method is achieved when
 The calculated slope is normalized by dividing the largest measured power.
 Thus, the convergent condition is adopted for PV panels of different power
ratings. A smaller value of τ typically produces a more accurate MPPT result.

18. System Integration
 The mechatronic system of a solar power boat including the distributed PV
system, battery management system, motor control and the operation control.
 One MPPT controller can connect up to 5 PV panels and each panel is wired to
a dedicated power optimizer.
 The central controller communicates with the battery management system and
the motor control system.
 It carefully controls the PV output to ensure the battery system will not be
overcharged.
 Communication between the onboard controller and the motor uses the
Modbus protocol. If necessary, the onboard controller and the central
controller can also be integrated.

20. Conclusion
 Previously, solar energy is only for auxiliary equipment such as light,
secondary battery bank, etc.
 Now solar energy can be use to design a solar boat .It will increase the overall
efficiency of the boat and don’t make any pollution.
 Without energy loss due to battery charging/discharging, system, the new
design instantly improves energy efficiency almost 28% (assuming the
charging/discharging efficiency is 85%)
 It will reduce the cost as compare to the using Li-ion battery.
 By reducing total cost, it will definitely help to promote the solar system
applied to the solar boat.

21. References-
[1] R.M. Chao et al., Green Engineering Award, National Instruments Graphic
System Design, 2013.
[2] S. H. Ko and R. M. Chao, Photovoltaic dynamic MPPT on a moving
vehicle, Solar Energy, v. 86, no. 6, 2012, pp. 1750 –1760.
[3] A. Nasirudin, R.M. Chao and I.K.A.P. Utama, Solar Powered Boat Design
Optimization, Procedia Engineering, 194, 2017,pp.260-267.
[4] Taiwanese patent: I409611, I409611, I514714, M547776,M550516

22. THANK
YOU