Social And Domestic Impact Of The First World War

Social And Domestic Impact Of The First World War
Compare and contrast the social and domestic impact of the First World War in any two countries.
According to historian Dan Snow, 'No war in history attracts more controversy and myth than World War One', but even in spite of this, most historians
can agree that the effects of the war were extremely profound. The First World War exhausted many European powers, with both domestic and social
devastation for the various nations involved. Great Britain and Germany were both particularly affected by the war, both on the home–front as well as
the frontline, and the repercussions of the conflict remain significant even today. There was overwhelming impact on European politics, economics,
society and culture both in Britain and in Germany, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also saw the famous literary pessimism of the 1920s as misplaced, for there were major positive long–term consequences of the war. He pointed to
new job opportunities and self–consciousness among workers that quickly built up the Labour Party, to the coming of partial woman suffrage, and to
an acceleration of social reform and state control of the British economy. He found a decline of deference toward the aristocracy and established
authority in general, and a weakening among youth of traditional restraints on individual moral behavior. Marwick concluded that class differentials
softened, national cohesion increased, and British society became more
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Major Reasons for Women Receiving the Right to Vote
The major reasons for women receiving in 1918 the vote in my opinion were divided into sections, political view, male view, war effort and changes
in law and legislation. Whilst some historians argue that the women's work during WWI in factories and other work programmes radically changed
male ideas about their role in society other traditional historians suggest that the government passing the legislation to give women the vote in 1918
was almost a reward for their efforts I believe that this explanation too simplistic. This is mainly due to the large amount of other factors that had to
happen in order for everything to align and women to get the vote. For example it can be said that the war 'smoothed the way for democracy' and so
there are other factors which come into significance, such as, the efforts pre–war by suffrage campaign groups ,WSPU & NUWSS, and growing
equality with men. Whilst this essay will attempt to recognise the importance of the view that the war effort had the largest driving force during WWI
by the women was significant to women receiving the vote it also intends to highlight that things were not so simple and also highlight other factors
involved.
At the time before the war began the feminist movement and Government were caught in a seemingly never ending cycle bought on by the Cat and
Mouse act in which the women of the movement were to be incarcerated only to be let out again due to a combination of negative press from treating
women to harshly in

Working Class In 1914 Essay
In Britain, the war caused a minor redistribution of income, mainly due to progressive taxation and the introduction of flat–rate pay increases for
manual workers narrowed some pay differences (Broadberry 210). After 1921 the wage disproportions widened again, however in families were the
main bread winner was employed poverty percentages had diminished. Most manual working–class wages were able to keep pace with inflation and in
1919 – 1920 working hours were reduced substantially, for those who were not employed, unemployment insurance was upgraded substantial to extend
coverage to two–thirds of the male labor force in 1920 (Broadberry 211). Unemployment was a chief problem after the war due to hefty casualties and
wounded soldiers, who... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The working class in 1914 was fairly larger than in the early 1920s, therefore the class divisions became much less apparent after the war due to
increased government intervention for the working class and larger taxation on the upper class or aristocracy. Levels within the working class
became less obvious as a result of the development of skilled workers and the development of a more consistent pay rate (J., De Groot Gerard 52).
Great achievements stimulated through trade union activity and a growth of political awareness within the working class were also taking place,
which were motivated through trade union activity and a growth of political awareness within the working class. For the upper and middle classes
there was a distinctive shift in power from the landed elite to the business and industry owners. Little change in the ratio of population to land
ownership by the upper class and the noticeable difference for the post war class structure was motivated by higher taxation rates for the wealthy (J.,
De Groot Gerard 54–55). The main change for the middle class was the large increase in the number of people working in the careers such as civil
service and managers. All mainly due to the increase of welfare standards and the growth of modern

St. Paul's Beliefs About Women
In Jesus' day, the Romans occupied Israel. They treated women as inferior, so Jesus lived in a climate of hostility and prejudice against women. His
attitude, treatment and teaching about women was therefore revolutionary for its time and won him enemies as well as friends.
However, the Christian Church has not always followed its founder's example. The writing of St. Paul in the New Testament has caused much
controversy and debate – for example, where he states women should not be heard in Church and the husband is head of the household. Some
'interesting' but nowadays unacceptable remarks have been made about women, by famous churchmen in history. In 584 AD. the Church Council of
Macon, France debated 'Are women human?' The notion was carried ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1892: Local Government Act – women could now vote in local elections and stand as councillors. 1918: Representation of People Act – women over 3l
could vote and stand as M.P.s. 1928: Electoral Reform Act– women over 21 could vote and stand as M.P.s. 1970: Equal Pay Act– equal pay for equal
work, regardless of sex. 1975: Sex Discrimination Act – it became illegal to discriminate on grounds of sex or marital status.
In the Church, many denominations welcome women leaders: for example, the Church of England, the Baptist church, the Independent church, the
Methodist church amongst others.
In some of these, most particularly the Church of England, there is still on–going debate as to whether or not women should occupy the highest
positions – that of bishop and beyond. The 18–20 November 2013 session of the general synod backed revised proposals, allowing the issue of
whether to allow women bishops to be considered again at the synod's February 2014 session in London. Some church members however still hold
what they see as traditional opinions of gender roles, based on their understanding of St. Paul's teaching in the New

Ww1 : A Positive Turning Point For Women
World War 1 lasted from August in 1914 until November 1918. By the end of the War there had been over a million deaths and the role of women
in England had changed in many different ways. This essay will be evaluating to what extent WW1 was a turning point for women, through
evaluating a variety of contributing sources for their usefulness and reliability. Traditionally, WW1 has been viewed as a positive turning point for
women. This is because before WW1 women had mainly been resigned to the role of a housewife and were considered to be inferior. Women that
did work were mainly working class, and worked in domestic service jobs. However, between 1914 and 1918 an estimated 2 million women replaced
men in employment, which led to the passing of the People 's Registration Act in 1918. Which finally gave women the right to vote, something the
suffragettes and suffragists had been campaigning for before the war, creating the impression that WW1 was a positive turning point. However,
revisionist historians have been challenging this viewpoint. They argue that although women replaced men in the workplace, following the men 's
return after the end of the war, 60,000 women had no choice but to return to their former jobs. Which suggests WW1 was not a positive turning point
as this was a quarter of the female workforce. Source A1 is useful in highlighting the traditional viewpoint. In the source it says "with so many young
men volunteering to join the army, and with so many

How Far Did The 1960s Transform The Position Of British...
How far did the 1960s transform the position of British women? The second–wave feminism has been the driving force behind the Women's Liberation
Movement, which is synonymous within the twenty years in the later part of the twentieth century, beginning in 1960 and ending in 1980. The
movement, in the past, had an impact on various aspects of social life to men and women; and this impact is still showcased in areas including, but not
limited to; women's health, fertility trends, laws and legislations, personal believes and religious discussions, interpersonal relationships and family
roles, feminist issues, and gender relations. It is challenging to determine how the movement has transformed the position of British women since there
is no measurement scale to quantify for that. Does counting the number of legislations passed in favour to gender equality help in computing the
movement's success? If so, would it follow the hypothesis that the higher the number of new laws, the more successful the movement? If the answer
to these questions is yes, that would be misleading since the passing of legislations do not necessarily connote that the new laws would be upheld and
put into practice; making it all the same to the position of British women if the new laws exist or not, and thus, give the wrong information on how the
position of British women has changed. However, it would be unfair to ignore altogether the new laws and regard them as being non–functional in
changing the

How far was Britain a democracy by 1918?
How far was Britain a democracy by 1918?
At the beginning of the time period, 1850, Britain was not democratic. There was not a lot of choice concerning the political parties, there were
only two parties: The Liberals and the Conservatives. Woman did not have any right to vote and were considered second class citizens. In England
and Wales only one million and five men could vote and some men could vote twice. The distribution of seats did not take into account the migration
of Britain. The House of Lords (HOL) were aristocracy that were their because of their ancestry. MP's were unpaid and had to own property so the
poorer classes could not be MP's and therefore opinions not heard. A democracy is one which has universal suffrage, equal ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This changed in the introduction of secret balloting in 1872 which allowed voters to vote in secret polling booths rather than public stands which
gave the voters the anonymity that allows them to vote for who they want to which, in turn, made Britain more democratic than before but
obviously bribery and corruption was still in existence. The Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act of 1883 improved this situation more by limiting how
much candidates could spend during election time, banning practices such as buying food or drink for voters and candidates had to account for all
election expenses therefore flagging up if they were bribing. The law also stated how many carriages could be used to carry voters to the polls! By
1918 Britain was more democratic than it had been but it was still far from being totally democratic as the franchise favoured a MP that would make
donations to their local teams, hospitals etc.
MP's were unpaid for most of the nineteenth century and had to own land, although the property qualification ended in the 1850's but only wealthy
upper class men could be MP's. The working class could not afford to give up their job to be a politician and that meant that their views and needs
were poorly represented compared to the ones of the wealthy. This is clearly not democratic and wasn't changed until 1911 when MP's began to be
paid allowing the right to become and MP to everyone

Women After Ww1 Analysis
One interpretation shows that women benefited politically from the war after the end of WW1. Source A1, highlights how WW1 impacted both
women as a whole, as well as the Suffrage movement, by showing that they were a crucial part in Britain's success in the war. The source shows an
extract from the BBC Website in 2008, states how women benefited from the war, both politically, and in terms of equality, as shown in February
1918, where they receive the right to vote, in the "Representation of People Act" (exclusive only women over 30), which led to 8 million women
being eligible to vote by 1918, showing female advancement in politics. The source is also accurate in saying that role of women was significant
during WW1 (60% of all shells were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is supported by Source A6 which depicts women to be a lot more wealthier and more economically able. The source shows an extract from a
book called "Voices and Images of the Great War", which recalls an account from H.V Shawyer, saying how women were able to "spend a night in
the pub", an action, which would have previously been to be unusual. Shawyer further recounts how women were also paid in a "roll of notes", which
shows that women were earning far more than they used to. This is reinforced by figures showing that some women earned 20 shillings a day (ВЈ1 a
day) compared to a corporal, who earned around 2 shillings a day. Furthermore, women were often seen to be outside, socialising , which wasn't the
norm, therefore supporting the source in saying women gained more social freedom. However, there is some questionability, as to the reliability of
the source, because of the fact that it is a memory from H.V. Shawyer, a man, who could pose a biased view on women and may exaggerate some
details due to jealousy, making it inaccurate and unreliable. Furthermore, the source is written in 1990, 72 years after the war, which could mean some
of the details may have been inaccurate because the memory may have been distorted over time, making it unreliable as he may have exaggerated
aspects of the account to compensate for parts he couldn't remember that

The Role Of Women During World War I
The Role of Women In War. The role of women in war has varied significantly throughout British History. During world War 1 womens role was
constricted as many worked in the industry of textiles , knitting and munitions. This said they played a pivotal role in the war effort as 23.8
million in britain were all working. Voluntary and paid positions were taken up as unfamiliar roles to women, Nevertherless this was recquired in
order to sustain the living of many families. World War 1 illustrated the capability of women in wokring across a variety of fields. However the
effort from women was arguably taken out of context. Despite the rise in pay , women still earned less then men. They held the responisibility of
working as a generation of men went to fight. This covered munitions, police patrols and even nursing.Women worked in horendous conditions and
accidents were far too frequent in factories. A TNT plant killed 73 people and also leading to the destruction of nearby homes. Furthermore the
collective effort was extraordinary , the workers of one factory in Gloucestershire within the four years filled over 17 million shells(BBC world war
1).Opportunities in civil service increased by 1,751 %. In contrast Nursing was the only prominent and the closest field in terms of experiencing the
war. The Voluntary Aid Detachment worked alongside the military and was formed in 1909. The growth of VADs was triggered by the participation
by a few in the 1912 balkan war. However

Impact of Ww1 on Britain
IMPACT OF WW1 ON BRITAIN The effect that World War I had upon civilians was devastating. WWI was a war that affected civilians on an
unprecedented scale. Civilians became a military target. The economic impact of WWI meant that there were shortages of all produce, most
importantly food. Consequently, rationing of bread, tea, sugar and meat was introduced in 1918. This was widely welcomed by the British public, as a
voluntary rationing system had been introduced a year before, and people were eager to see their neighbours taking part as they were. Living standards
plummeted, and the post–war economic state of Europe was at mid 19th century levels. During the war, 8 to 10 million soldiers were killed in battle,
and 22 million were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* the government introduced British Summer Time to give more daylight for extra work * opening hours in pubs were cut * beer was watered down
* customers in pubs were not allowed to buy a round of drinks DORA also allowed the internment of hostile forces (basically anyone suspected of
being a spy) without trial as a method of protecting the country from hostile infiltration. Railways In August 1914, one of the initial acts of the
government was to seize control of the railways to allow for troop movements. However the government did not take full control, they allowed the
railway managers to continue running the railways however dictated routes for their troops, in return for which the railways managers wages were
guaranteed to an extent. Conscription: In 5th August 1914 fresh recruiting attempts begun when the army was allowed a further 500,000 troops. This
number was attained through the use of propaganda such as the infamous Kitchener posters. Actual

How Did Women Get To Vote In 1918
To what extent were women's efforts throughout the First World War the main reason behind them gaining the vote in 1918?
The Representation of the People Act allowed women, over the age of 30, in Great Britain to vote for the first time in 1918. Previously, women had
been viewed as uneducated and irrational, unable to make a decision on who to vote for themselves. Women had also been expected to stay at home,
looking after children, cooking, and cleaning, for when their husbands returned. However, many women had grown tired of this and wanted the right to
vote as a way of voicing their opinions and so that they could get even more equality for women across Britain. The contributions made by women, on
the Homefront, during the First World War... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), nicknamed the Suffragists, believed in peaceful campaigning, such as handing out
pamphlets and organising petitions. Their hope was that this would persuade the government to grant middle class women the vote, and by the
beginning of the war – in 1914 – the Suffragists had over 53,000 supporters. This docile way of campaigning impressed many men as it did not
outstep the boundaries that women were restricted to throughout and just following the Victorian times, however it showed that women were
intelligent enough to organise a campaign that grew a rather large support. They gained a lot of respect through this way of campaigning with even
the future Prime Minister David Lloyd George announcing his support for them publicly. However, this way of campaigning could be argued as
easily ignored as although the Suffragists had gained some support from members of Parliament; there was no real political progress towards women
gaining the vote before 1914, despite them having been campaigning for almost twenty years. Overall, the Suffragists played some part in women
gaining the vote in 1918, as they brought the issue to the attention of the government, however their campaign was far too submissive for any real
progress to be

Explain the Lack of Success of the Movements for WomenвЂ™s...
The lack of success of the movements for women's suffrage in achieving their aims by 1918 cannot be held accountable to solely one reason due to
the abundance of causes for this. Voting, however, was not the only area where women were subjected to inequitable treatment: in1850 women were
regarded as second class citizens. It was common belief that their brain was smaller than their male peers and they were therefore provided with very
little or no form of education which, consequentially, meant that jobs for women were unskilled and low paid. Many professions would not employ a
female as it was considered that a woman's place was in the home. Politics was an additional area where women were uninvolved. Political parties
(except... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From 1850 women were starting to gain educational, civil and, to an extent, political equality. Due to the Municipal Franchise Act of 1869, single
women were entitled to vote in local elections and by 1870 they could be elected onto school boards. This shows that women could take part in
politics but not to the degree men could. Socially, changes in law were directly effecting women in a positive way, education was available to them
with 1870 Education Act ensuring girls received the same level of basic education as boys. Emily Davies was instrumental in the changes in
education for girls, she was on the London School Board and Schools Inquiry Commission and firmly believed girls should have the right to a decent
level of education. In her 1866 book, The Higher Education of Women, she states that women should be able to "find out what they could do" and
Chrystabel Pankhurst (a suffragette) argued that "ability is sexless". Other women were highly prominent in education and work like Florence
Nightingale who travelled to study to become a nurse which was completely against the societal code for affluent young English women and the
Bronte sisters who used androgynous names (Charlotte became Currer Bell, Anne became Acton Bell and Emily became Ellis Bell) so they would not
have their work ignored due to their gender. Marital law also underwent changes: the

The Stigma Of Voting : America Is Facing An All Time Low...
America is facing an all–time low in voter participation. Since 2014 the voting population has decreased by "thirty–six and four–tenths percent"
(DelReal). Many theories explain the stigma of voting in America. According to the Wolfgang "the leading theory is: many minority voters are
discriminated upon and do not believe their vote will count." Many laws created infringe on the rights of Americans, however, when citizens do not
vote the government seizes control on controversial issues , which in turn creates solutions that are less than satisfactory to the civilians. To begin
with, the American Government has created many unconstitutional laws such as the Sedition Act of 1918 ( an act passed in 1918 that if anyone
talked negatively about the government or war efforts it was punishable by long periods of jail time or death penalty after December 13,1920 the act
was repealed due to citizens expressing displeasure) , which restricts the first right to freedom of speech.Freedom of speech, it's becoming questionable
on how free speech actually is in the United States. Watson states , there has been a "seven–teen percent increase in cases of people speaking out
against the government , which can be punishable by jail time" , or as conspiracy theorist believe death.The restriction of freedom of speech comes
from lack of active participation in American politics .The most recent case that is similar to the Sedition Act of 1918 occurred in 2012 a male citizen
named Tarek

Ww1 Women Essay
The lives of women changed dramatically as a result of WW1. The experiences of women during this time progressed the regime for change,
displaying the willpower and strength women hela, encouraging the need for equality. Source C outlines the hardships women endured during the war
effort, displaying their powerful influence on WW1. This capability is also corresponds with Source D, an image of common war propaganda,
showing the prestige of women in society at the time of the war. Life for the women of Britain at the conclusion of war redefined equality, beginning
countless efforts to achieve an equitable society there on. Throughout the First World War, women across Britain endured countless daily hardships and
new experiences as they worked... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Written in 1989 by Gill Thomas, this secondary extract from historical readings serves the purpose of expressing the experiences of women in the war
and the changes that their role brought about in the aftermath. From the outbreak of war in Europe, women immediately volunteered to assist in the
war effort, wishing to be freed from their daily lives as domestic slaves. Women of all ages and social backgrounds began working in unconventional
occupations, including munition factory workers and transport jobs, supplying troops on the fronts, working long hours and enduring countless
affliction. Source C quotes "Women had to deal with a range of different hardships, such as long working hours, dangerous or difficult jobs, male
opposition to what they were doing, food shortages and rising prices". This highlights the circumstances women overcame and altercated with during
the war period, displaying their importance and willpower towards hard labour. Also outlined in the source, new occupations arose as war progressed
and the skill of women became important in British community. Another understanding, articulated by Kate Adie, an English journalist, reads "As the
war machine cranked into business, women became an essential part of it: millions making munitions, learning new skills,

Women 's Suffrage During The Nineteenth Century Essay
The women's suffrage movements began to emerge during the first half of the nineteenth century. In the United States, a handful of Western states
already granted women's suffrage during the nineteenth century. However, in the majority of states the enfranchisement of women followed only after
the nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which granted full voting rights to women in 1920. Similarly, British women gained partial
suffrage through the Representation of the People Act of 1918.
In the same year, all women over 21 years old were granted the right to stand for Parliament through The Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act.
Equal voting rights with men were only achieved through the Representation of the People Acts of 1928, also known as the Equal Franchise Act,
which granted universal suffrage to women over age 21.
Even in the mid–twentieth century, women had not gained legal rights equal to men along all dimensions. In particular, women continued to face
unequal legal treatment in the labor market long after they had gained the right to vote. In the United States, restrictions on hours worked, wages, and
work conditions of female employees were introduced in almost all states during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,
Table 1.3 Democratization of suffrage in Selected Countries
CountryMale Universal SuffrageFemale Universal Suffrage
Australia19031908
Canada1915/181920
France1869/711946
Great Britain18771928
Italy

Suffragettes Essay
The Suffragette campaign stopped during the war, as it felt unpatriotic to continue. The women were taking on jobs previously taken up by men.
Women from all social classes helped in the war effort by doing jobs such as working in munition factories, being farm labourers, heaving coal, being
policewomen, driving ambulances and helping to stop the country from falling into disappear and to function normally. The traditional argument was
that women's war work inspired men to grant women the vote as a reward – a role the Suffragettes played a part in. As Asquith stated in August 1916
"It is true [that women] cannot fight in the sense of going out with rifles and so forth, they have aided in the most effective way in the war. What is
more, when... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows that the work of the Suffragists, the Suffragettes and Women's War Work all contributed to some extent into changing the attitudes of
men, which therefore allowed women to receive the vote in 1918. This ultimately, confirms changing attitudes to be the most important factor. The
representation of the people act extended the vote to all males over 21 and to males who were 19 and had been on active service during the war. The
vote was also extended to women over the age of 30 who were householders, the wives of householders, occupiers of property with an annual rent of
ВЈ5 and women who were graduates of university. The vote was not however extended to women who were under 30, as they were still considered
not responsible enough to vote. Historian Paul Bartley says, "It would be naГЇve to believe that women received to vote solely for services rendered in
the First World

The First World War and Women's Suffrage in Britain Essay
Outline A.Plan of Investigation B.Summary of Evidence C.Evaluation of Sources D.Analysis Works Cited A.Plan of Investigation The 19th century
was an important phase for feminism in Britain. The suffrage movement began as a struggle to achieve equal rights for women in 1872. Women then
became active in their quest for political recognition, which they finally obtained in 1928. This investigation assesses the question: To what extent did
the First World War lead to the accomplishment of the women's suffrage movement of Britain in 1928? Two of the sources used in the essay, The
Women's Suffrage: a short history of a great Movement by Millicent Garrett Fawcett, and The cause: a short history of the women's movement... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, members believed the bill threatened the suffrage of men, and it was denied. () The Chartist movement wasn't a complete failure; it had
created the incentive of a feminist idea, outside the British parliament. Many organizations began to be formed, such as the Anti–Corn Law League,
(Fawcett, 32) to encourage women to involve in work. However up to the 1850's, outside of the organizations, women still had no societal role, the
movement was scattered and fragmentary. (Fawcett, 64) From the late 1850's onwards the women's suffrage movement took on a new era, with a
growing crowd of followers, and two main movements the Radicals and the philanthropists of the fifties and sixties. () Both which were attributed to
statesmen and philosophers: John bright, Richard Cobden and John Stuart Mill. One of the most important radicals was John Stuart Mill, whose aim
was to create a "complete equality in all legal, political, social, and domestic relations which ought to exist between men and women." He founded the
British Woman Suffrage Association, who was opposed by the British Prime ministers William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli, as well as by the
monarch Queen Victoria. In 1867 philosopher John Stuart Mill petitioned the

Women's Role In Ww1 Essay
From 1914 to 1918, the whole world was ravaged by the Great War, and almost everyone was involved in some way, from the soldier to the average
civilian, as it was "total war." Women played a huge part in the war as well, helping out on the home front immensely. Women in Britain and the United
States were most involved, with thousands of women joining the workforce to contribute. The support and efforts of British and American women in
World War Iled to better conditions for women afterwards: politically, they supported their country during war which in turn led to the movement of
suffrage rights in many countries and better conditions for women after, and socially,
Politically, women positively played a part in the war to aid their country ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the war dragged on, more and more women joined the war. The number of women working full time rose by 40% from 3.2 million at the start of
war, to 4.8 million by the end (Women and the War.). Most trade unions at the time were only for men, and not many working women were
unionized. This was due to the low wages women received, that were substantially lower than the wages of men in similar roles (Pyecroft 700).
Women began to realize that they were severely underpaid and this led to women speaking out for higher wages. Many women–only trade unions were
made and they helped women fight together for workplace equality, like higher salaries and better conditions. All this led to a time in history that the
female gender looked back to in fondness. They had proven themselves to be a valuable and undervalued resource of society, and had done work that
many believed beyond a woman. This changed the pinions of any towards them, and many colleges that previously denied women, now opened their
doors to them. Women also began to assume more authority and in some jobs, like ticket inspectors, they were in charge of men. (Women and the
War.). However, despite these huge changes, some argue that ...counter

Research Paper On Emmeline Pankhurst
Emmeline Pankhurst: Reflection When reading about Emmeline Pankhurst life, it is extremely interesting to me. Throughout her life she was a
devoted wife, mother of 4 and also took on the traditional role of homemaker. Though she was very busy with her responsibilities at home, she still
successfully fought for her rights as a woman not only for herself but also for all women. She was an avid supporter of Women's Franchise League.
The goal of the league was to empower all women whether they are married or unmarried. While she spent her free time fighting for the rights of
women, her husband loyally supported her through all of her undertakings until he died in the year 1898. After the death of her husband, Pankhurst
took some time off because of the trauma that followed her into her years of being a widow. Although she was consumed by her grief, she continued to
have a passion for women's rights. One could assume that the support of her late husband inspired her to continue on with her desire to improve
women's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the women of the Women's Social and Political Union were eventually successful in receiving attention from the government and getting the
laws altered, they did break the law throughout their journey. Their passion is inspiring but their execution is hard to understand. It is hard not to
wonder if the women would have been successful in their mission had they not used the militant and unlawful actions that they did. That being said, I
do believe that in that time period, the government responded in an appropriate way. They did all they could to keep the women from endangering
themselves and others. However, they could have been quicker to respond to the women of the Women's Social and Political Union in attempt to
prohibit any more unlawful and dangerous

Women's Suffrage In Britain Research Paper
Women's Suffrage in Britain from a Gender and Political Perspective
The definition of suffrage is 'the right to vote in political elections, this was something that the women in Britain did not have up until the first world
war. Circumstances and events in the first world war led to women becoming a pivotal part in the workforce, so much so that limited suffrage was
granted to them in 1918.
Why and how was the women's suffrage movement introduced?
Gender: From the gender perspective, women's suffrage was hindered by a highly patriarchal system that viewed women as the property of their
husbands or fathers. Additionally, due to the lack of political capital, women remained economically and socially dependent on men and matters
concerning women ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This popular opinion was contended by various feminist writers, most notably Mary Wollstonecraft, she argued in her book 'A Vindication of the
Rights of Woman (1792) that women were inferior due to societal hierarchy and not by nature. The societal hierarchy Wollstonecraft refers to is
the fact that women were seen as second class citizens and domestic homemakers that cooked, cleaned and cared for children whereas the men
were the breadwinners and superior to women. However, this stereotyping of the women changed during war times because the women undertook
jobs that were designated for men as the men were at war. The women supported the soldiers as nurses, ambulance drivers and worked as farmers,
factory labourers, seamstresses and various other occupations. The women were paid far less than the men for doing the same job, despite this,
the war proved to be a critical moment for women's suffrage as perceptions of women's roles changed greatly due to participation in the war effort.
The war changed women's roles and broke gender stereotypes in some ways for the better. Women showed society that they were able to do men's
jobs and were intellectually more than capable of taking part in society. However, this changed after the war was over over because plenty of women
sacked from their jobs once the men returned and were expected to go back into

What Are Women's Suffrage?
The initial fight for women's suffrages begun as early as the 19th century, while some historians believe that Mary Smith initiated this political crusade
when she presented the first women's suffrage petition to Parliament in 1832 (Bartley, 2003). By 1900, women were allowed to own and keep property
after marriage through the Married Women's Property Act that was written by Richard Pankhurst in 1870, although it was heavily altered after it went
through Parliament. Despite this, it was was a major milestone for women's rights. In addition, they were granted the first equal pay resolution thanks
to Secretary of the Women's Trade Union League, Clementine Black, in 1883 (Lambert, n.d.). Successful attempts for women's suffrages continued in
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rise of their employment rates, however, did not come with equal wages. Although a Committee was set up by the war cabinet to examine
their wages, and produced a report that said "equal pay for equal work", there was an expectation of women being weaker and having "special
health problems", which would prevent them from producing the same work as men. Despite this, unions still received guarantee that they would
receive the same wages as men, but that was only during the war. After the war ended and the report was no longer credible, men feared that most
employers would prefer women over them, due to the low wages they received. Alas, this was not the case. Most men returned to their previous jobs
or took over already occupied jobs, while the women that worked alongside them had to compete with them for a much lower wage. This resulted in a
series of strikes, most notably in London buses and trams in 1918, which spread to the South East and the London Underground. This marked the first
equal pay strike that was ultimately won (Striking–women.org,

The Status Of Women During The Great War
The status of women during the years 1914 and 1925 did not stop to change and wonder if the First World War achieve any permanent change in
the status of women in Britaint is very interesting question. Both points of view, meaning which agree with the idea that yes it did or on the
contrary that it did not, already exist. Indeed, if the delegate of the American Women 's Trade Union League Congress, Mrs. Raymond Robins
declared in 1917 that it was "the first hour in history for the women of the world" 1 on the contrary, Beatrice Webb was almost the only to expreme a
different opinion at that time, saying that it had not significantly transform the status of women2. Historians such as FranГ§oise ThГ©baud qualified
the idea of Mmrs. Raymond Robins as very common during and just after the Great war. Like FranГ§oise ThГ©baud, Janet McCalman in her book
"The impact of First World war on female employment in England" tends to say that the Great war did not permit a real change in women 's status.
Even if the question is debated between historians, the general mind is to desegree with the fatc that First World War conclude any permanent change
in the status of women in Britain. As my opinion tends to be on the general side, I will construct my argumentation on the idea that the Great war did
not achieve any permanent change for British women 's status. First I will talk about change in women 's employment during the Great war to
contextualize and counter argue the fact that war allow

How Does Australia Have A Codified Constitution
Draft Essay – Alaw Jones (16006698) – Word Count 1010
A constitution is a set of rules that create a framework in which those who govern must work within. It's designed to ensure that both the govern and the
governed abide by the law. Today, most democratic countries such as America, Canada and Australia have a writtenconstitution which is a single
codified document that explains the powers of State and its institutions; entrenching the fundamental rights and values of its country's citizens. It's seen
to act as a symbolic force on society and ensures that the rules are made clear and easily accessible for all. The UK, along with New Zealand and
Israel, has an unwritten (or uncodified) constitution which is made up of various sources such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Under an unwritten constitution, although it contains constitutional statues such as the Bill of Rights 1689, The Representation of People Act 1918
and the Human Rights Act 1998, they have not been entrenched as such and are vulnerable in the absence of a codified constitution as Ewing, Bradley
and Knight state; "The ultimate protection of fundamental rights is a matter for Parliament, not the courts." As it stands, the UK constitution is too
easily changed and reformed by governing parties; as The Commons stated in the Political and Constitutional Reform report "Governing parties can too
easily push measures onto the statute book to change the country's constitutional rules simply to benefit themselves. An entrenched written constitution
would redress this problem, setting down a minimum set of procedures that govern major constitutional

Role Of Emmeline Pankhurst Movement
Suffragette movement –
To what extent did Emmeline Pankhurst actions influence the 1918 general election?
The question I have chosen is To what extent did the actions of Emmeline Pankhurst influence the outcome of the 1918 British General election. Slide
To begin Who was Emmeline Pankhurst? She was an avid supporter of the women's rights movement. Her husband who was a leading barrister was too
a supporter of this movement. After her husband's death she started the Women's Franchise league in 1898. She then formed the Women's Social and
Political Union, which took part in much more political actions then her original franchise. Through this political movement a group of women, led by
Emmeline, known as the Suffragettes formed. Slide
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Slide They partook in lighting buildings on fire including some churches belonging to the church of england as they did not think women should vote,
the smashed shop windows, turned violent towards police officers and tied themselves to the front gates of Buckingham Palace as the royal family also
did not think women should gain the right to vote. Slide
Their actions led to them being taken to prison but they did not care. They would undertake hunger strikes during their imprisonment which led to
uproar in the public eye especially as officers were force feeding the women. Slide
David Lloyd George who was the leader of the Coalition at the time and was a supporter of the women's right to vote movement, also had part of his
house burnt down by Suffragettes as they believed he was not doing anything to help their cause. Slide
Their most drastic action was possibly when fellow Suffragette Emily Davison threw herself under the King's horse on Derby day. She became the first
Martyr for the Suffragette movement. Slide
Their political action ended in 1914 at the start of WWI. Their leader instructed them to help the Government in any way that they needed whilst men
were away fighting. A shortage in men left gaps within the workforce which were soon occupied by women undertaking typically male jobs including
industry work. This lapse in political action by the Suffragettes was one of the main reasons

Feminist Arguments Against Women's Suffrage
Phases of feminist debate surrounding issues of suffrage and parliamentary participation caused great political change. 'In the nineteenth century
women had no place in national politics ... it was assumed that women did not need to vote because their husbands would take responsibility in
political matters' . Prior to 1918, women were not allowed to vote in parliamentary elections. In the UK there were many groups advocating for
women's suffrage who believed the in the philosophy of 'deeds not words' Hunger strikes were common with women who were imprisoned for
political reasons, this creating large publicity. The Prisoners' Temporary Discharge for Ill
–Health Act, also known as 'The Cat and Mouse Act' was
passed in 1913. This permitted the early... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prior to the implementation of statute law it was the men who participated in the running of Australia and were involved in public debate. In
Victoria the Electoral Act 1863 (Vic) used the phrase "all persons" in relation to voting rights. However this act excluded women indirectly as it was
based on voting roles which is based on property ownership, a right women were still struggling for. Where UK suffragists used 'deeds not words',
Australian suffragists used peaceful and legal means to achieve political change. One example of this was a petition consisting of 'over 40,000
signatures in support of women's suffrage on two important petitions. Covering much of the nation, women suffrage campaigners travelled thousands
of miles knocking on doors and eventually getting around 1% of the entire population of Australia to sign.' In 1895 South Australia became the first
state in Australia to grant women the right to vote. In 1902 the Commonwealth Franchise Act was passed which enabled all women (excluding
Indigenous women) the right to vote in and state for, federal elections. In 1903 there were four women standing in the federal election however it was
not until 1921 in the Legislative Assembly of WA that Edith Cowan became the firstwoman elected to any Australian

How Did The War Affect The Cohesion Of The Liberal Party?
Although the War did damage the cohesion of the Liberal Party, it is important to acknowledge the Party's existent structural issues, which arguably
initiated its decline in the years before the War. George Dangerfield argues that despite the Liberal landslide victory in the 1906 elections, 'the death of
liberalism was pronounced' when fifty–three Labour representatives had also been elected. This rise in support for the Labour Party could be linked to
issues such as Labour unrest, Suffragette militancy and the question of Irish Home Rule which plagued the Liberals in the years directly preceding the
War. In addition, there is evidence of ideological clashes within the Party which pre–dated the War; in the early twentieth century, the Party faced a rift
between the 'old' and 'new' `Liberals who had contrasting views on state intervention. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This in turn highlights the limitations of the contingency argument as it proves that the Party had long been dealing with internal ideological disputes,
and the War merely exacerbated the underlying tensions. These arguments can therefore be brought together to form the view that by consistently
failing to unite the 'two separate wings' of the Party, the Liberals' decline would have occurred regardless of the War. The Liberal's split identity made
it difficult to firmly place the Party on the political spectrum, ultimately giving way to the more cohesive and radical Labour

Vietnamese Declaration Of Independence Essay
With World War II coming to a close, negotiations between countries began to take place. Many states that had previously been oppressed during the
war received reparations and called for the unity of their people. Smaller states saw this as an opportunity to gain independence and nationalization
became a driving force for decolonization. To prevent conflict, many colonizing powers began to gradually relinquish power and allowed the people
their sovereignty to govern their own state. However, there was a struggle to gain independence, particularly in French ruled Vietnam. Ironically, when
compared the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence called for democratic liberty, the right to live in unity under one Vietnam, and the abolishment
of unjust ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nevertheless, for years the Vietnamese had been denied this basic right. By many in the Western world, Asian countries were not seen developed
enough to manage their own affairs, therefore, they needed to be guided by Westphalian powers. In 1945, after years of oppression by the French,
particularly imperialistic exploitation of its people, the Vietnamese declared independence. In a similar manner to the US founding fathers with the
Declaration of Independence, they stated their grievances and why they believed they were entitled to their freedom. However, this issue was more
than independence and decolonization, it was also about Western world powers demonstrating that they still held leverage against smaller, weaker
states. The Vietnamese uprising was the perfect opportunity for the French to prove that they still held world influence and were capable of
maintaining power after a terrible loss during WWII (Bachman, Feb. 13). The French rejected the Vietnamese call for independence and the first
Indo–China war began. Democratic liberty in Vietnam was not something that the French would give easily. The French needed to retain their
colonies, or else they would lose tremendous capital. France had used the exploitation of workers in factories and farms to their economic advantage
and if they were to suddenly lose their stronghold in Southern Asia, they believed that there would be no way of remaining a leading European

Liberal Party Mistakes
On the other hand, the argument of Liberal agency must be taken into account as it explains how the Party's mistakes led it to its ultimate demise. After
all, it was the Liberals who provided the Labour Representation Committee its first foothold in politics by creating the 'Progressive Alliance' in 1906.
The Alliance benefitted the Labour Party more than it did the Liberals, proving that the Liberal Party practically 'dug its own grave' by introducing
Labour into the political arena. Furthermore, Liberal mistakes that occurred during the War, such as the infamous 'shell scandal' of 1915, indicated to
many that the Liberals were incompetent to govern the country. The resignation of the First Sea Lord Jackie Fisher also seemed to emphasise the...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Paul Adelman touches upon how 'profound social and economic changes taking place' in Edwardian society resulted in the emergence of
class–consciousness which benefitted Labour at the expense of the Liberals. Although the idea of class politics was more pronounced after the War,
Ross McKibbin highlighted that there was 'growing feeling in the country that the Liberal Party was no longer the Party of the working class' which
pre–dated the War. Indeed in 1909, the affiliation of the Miner's Federation of Great Britain to Labour 'formally destroyed the long standing link
between the miners and the Liberal Party'. Trade unions grew at an extraordinary rate between 1888 and 1918 from 750,000 to over 6 million, and
the fact that almost half of them were associated with the Labour Party further proves that the Liberal's ambivalent attitude towards trade unionism
lost them a significant support group. By 1923, the Labour Party began encroaching on the Liberal Party's electorate in industrial areas such as
South Wales, the Midlands and Scotland, leading them to their eventual in 1924. Hence, the Liberal Party's incapability to acknowledge the
importance of actively incorporating the working class into politics can be viewed as their biggest blunder, or as Geoffery Searle contends, their
'Achilles' Heel'. It is entirely justifiable then, that the Liberal Party would be harshly condemned for their own downfall because their inability to act
upon social changes was indisputably a fault of their own. As a result of these faults, Liberal Party led themselves to be inevitably and fully replaced
by 1924 when the Labour Party, led by Ramsay Macdonald, took

Italian Mafia In The 1900's
The Italian mafia became prevalent in America during the early 1900's. A major aspect behind the steady growth of the Italian Mafia in the early
1900's was the temperance Act passed in 1918, which made the sale of alcohol illegal. The members of the mafia took advantage of alcohol's loved
and addictive nature by selling it on the black market. Selling alcohol is what created the foundation of the mafia's income and established it financially
to expand on its internal and external empire. Its important to note that the Italian Mafia formed before 1918 in Sicily where the members of the mafia
are known as Mafioso, which roughly translates to brave men. Culturally, being a member of the mafia could be considered an honor because of the
bravery ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is more than just one family that is within the relm of the Italian mafia, each family would go against each other for money, power, etc but all
had the authorities as the common enemy. For the most part, they would keep these battles within the mafisos to spare "innocent blood". Looking
into how a strand is form, you begin on the very outer skirts of mafia there is the avvicinati, these whom are the lowest rank, they're the new people
outside the family who wish to be involved. The next circle in is those who may or may not be biological, but are trustworthy and maintain a
relationship to the most inner circle members. The roles of this circle are often tasked with doing favors, hiding them (Mafisos) or something for
them, giving them information, and overall protecting them, this circle is comparable to the entourage the surrounds the president. The avvicinati are
the mafia's connection to the outside world, they filter out who is and is not acceptable to meet with the core of the mafia. The most inner circle is
and was family, and the leader is established also known as the "boss". These are the brains of the mob, the ones who maintain the relationships with
people of authority, allegedly even as high as president John F. Kennedy. One if the most famous people to arise from the mafia is singer Frank
Sinatra. As told by his daughter Tina, he was the connection between

Women's Movement In Canada
Women's Movement "We must open the doors and we must see to it they remain open, so that others can pass through it"–Rosemary
Brown––politician and activist Rosemary Brown was a politician in Canada who worked tirelessly for the advancement of equality here. This quote
shows her views and beliefs in her work; that equality was something that people must fight to achieve, then keep the opportunities and advancements
open for those in the future. The fact that this was achieved in Canada makes the Women's Movement defining in its importance. The progression
Canada saw in the 1900s was important as firstly, the movement would have continuing effects on equality and culture in Canada. During the 1920s,
women emphasized their efforts on social welfare policies, equal rights legislation, and the advancement of women in politics. The work of feminists
during this time resulted in expanded rights for women in later years, proving again that the movement was important. Finally, due to the fact that
women begun to play a major role in society, Canada saw prosperity economically and socially, displaying the necessity of the movement. So, due to
the prevalent patriarchal values of the time, the women's movement was necessary for improvement of Canada's social, economic, and political climate
in the 1900s. Firstly, equality and culture in Canada would be forever altered, thanks to the impact of women's movement. The progression in women's
rights opened up

Treasury and Liberals Social Poilicies
"Many senior officials at the Treasury regarded the rising defence estimates and the Liberals' social policies as dangerous because they required a
constantly rising level of expenditure." It soon became clear, however, that such approach was not appropriate. The outcome of the war became fully
dependent on state action and not merely on the economy. It was of a crucial importance for the Cabinet to step in, allocate manpower, and organize
the industry so as to avoid an inefficient use of resources (capital and people). Hence, Lloyd George stepped in and decided to initiate Reconstruction by
restructuring the Cabinet and introducing various Committees, Ministries, and Commissions which were to assume extended powers and
responsibilities within the private sphere of civil activities. It was, however, unclear whether this change in faith would pertain over the post–war
period as well.
Furthermore, the aftermath of the war was not a pleasant sight for any politician taking office at the time. The situation awaiting Lloyd George, who
had already been assuming the role of a Prime Minister during the war, had been even more damaging partially due to his party's increasingly severe
internal struggles which began with the social reforms of 1906. Even before the climax of the war, it became apparent that the Liberal Party was most
likely unable to restore its significance or even secure its survival in the post–war government. Liberals led by Lloyd George became increasingly

Electoral Reform In Canada Essay
Canada is a young country which follows the British constitution since 1982. When Canada was created, it was a self–governing British colony, and
the British north America act, 1867, codified many constitutional rules for Canada, but the major changes to the Constitution could only be made by
the UK Parliament. Since then, Canada is following its elections under the system called FPTP (first past the post) and still elect under the same
system. Since the 1990's, electoral reform has been increasingly associated with calls for an end to the federal and provincial governments' use of the
first past the post (FPTP) voting system in favor of one that is proportionally representative of Canadians political preferences. (Yarhi.E, 2015).
Electoral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since its establishment in 1867, senators have been appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. Several politicians and
commentators have criticized the institution on the basis that it is undemocratic. Polls also suggest that most Canadians support some form of
Senate change, be it abolition or reform. According to a poll released in April 2015, 41 per cent of Canadians believe the Senate should be abolished,
while another 45 per cent believe it should be reformed. (Block.N, 2015). Several changes have been recommended to the system on how the senate
works. One of them being that the senators should be elected and not appointed. Some other suggestion was that senators should not be appointed by
anyone from the prime minister's office but by officials outside. Not just the senate but even in the house of commons, the current system fails, as the
338 seats are filled by the majority government and the opposition party, but all the others small parties are left out and do not have any say in the
house of

What Is The Effectiveness Of The Suffragist?
Literature Review
Source 1
This Source is an extract from a book written by J Marlow. Marlow argues that the Suffragists were far more effective that the Suffragettes.
The Suffragists used negotiating tactics and had a working relationship with the Labour party. Millicent Fawcett (Leader of the NUWSS) had a close
and working relationship with many members of parliament, notably Lloyd Goerge (member of parliament from 1890 and Prime Minister from
1916–1922).
The NUWWS Suffragists outnumbered the Suffragettes by a large amount and it was the Suffragists that successfully lobbied for the Representation of
People Act 1918.
Source 2
In this article, Trueman argues that the Suffragettes and the Suffragists complemented each other, that the women's role in the war effort had no effect
on the success of the1918 Representation of People Act and that this act was an injustice to the fight of the Suffraggettes and Suffragists.... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This highlights the fact that the Suffragists had male supporters as well as female.
Source 7
This source is a letter from Millicent Fawcett to David Lloyd George in reply to another letter from David Lloyd George. In the original letter Lloyd
George expresses concerns that the Militant Suffragette Movement is damaging the cause and is strengthening the Anti–Suffragist's argument.
In Fawcett's reply, she describes how she does not agree nor support the militant actions of the Suffragettes and blatantly challenges their methods. She
emphasizes that the Suffragist movement has openly spoken out and protested against the militant Suffragettes.
Fawcett speaks about specific violent actions and encourages Lloyd George to not give up on the Suffragist movement because of these violent acts.
She signs the letter with, "Yours Faithfully". This indicates Fawcett's support of Lloyd George and thus her support against the

Women's Suffrage In 1918 Essay
Research Question: How did British women in 1918 gain the respect and recognition they deserved, and how did this lead to female suffrage?
Women gain suffrage in Britain
Congratulations to all the British women who are above the age of 30, women who are over 21 and own property or are married to owners. Last
week, the Representation of the People Act became law, and nearly 9 million British women and all men aged 21 or above are now allowed to vote
(Walsh, Ben. 78).
For centuries women have been recognized as inferior to men as they weren't "strong" or "skilled" enough. But, women believed that they should
also have a say in parliament and government decisions by being allowed to vote. Just like men, women have to pay taxes and abide by the law. The
fight for female suffrage in Britain began in 1866 when the first campaigns that supported women's right to vote began to pop up. A year later, during
a debate concerning changes in the parliament, MP John Stuart Mill proposed that women should have the right to vote, but this was declined as he
lost by 194 votes to 73 ("The women's suffrage movement").
Women work together ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1897, different societies with the same aim came together to form the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), also known as the
'suffragists', which was led by Mrs Millicent Fawcett ("Early suffragist campaining"). The suffragists believed they could achieve their goal by using
non–violent tactics such as lobbying MPs and organising petitions. Mrs Fawcett thought that if the NUWSS was seen as polite, responsible and
intelligent by the public, they would gain the respect they wanted and they would gain their right to vote (Walsh, Ben.

AP-Suffrage In England
"Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend the suffrage in England. What group and movements contributed to the extension of the
vote?" Several groups, movements and reform bills passed between 1832 and 1918 extended the suffrage in England. The process took many years
and the voting rights were first given to the wealthier and more distinguished men, then later to the less wealthy men, and finally to women. The
major reform bills that extended the suffrage in England were the Reform Bill of 1832, 1867, and 1884, and the Qualification of Women Act in 1917.
(Mazour, Peoples) The suffrage movement began in 1832 when the Reform Bill of 1832 was passed by parliment. The Prime Minister since 1830,
Earl Grey, authored the Bill and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another problem with the voting system was the lack of a private vote. Employers could influence the way their employees voted by threatening to
punish them if they failed to vote for their preffered candidate. This problem was fixed in 1872, when William Gladstone's government passed the
Ballot Act which guaranteed a secret system of voting. Although the immediate results of the reform act were not earth shattering, the country had
taken, as Lord Derby said, "a leap in the dark." Strikes, union advances, and labor organization were powerful forces for change in the final years of
the century. William Gladstone was elected as Prime Minister of England for the second time in 1880 and the most important legislative action that
took place during his second ministry was the Reform Act of 1884. The reform act was rejected the first time it was presented to the House of Lords,
but accepted the second time because it was accompanied by a redistribution act, which had the following implications. "(i) seventy–nine towns with
populations smaller than 15,000 lost their right to elect an MP; (ii) thirty–six with populations between 15,000 and 50,000 lost one of their MPs and
became single member constituencies; (iii) towns with populations between 50,000 and 165,000 were given two seats; (iv) larger towns and the
country constituencies were divided into single member constituencies" (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PR1885.htm). The actual Reform Act of
1884

History Of Women's Rights In England And The United States
1.8 The History of Women's Rights in England and the United States The legal position of American and English women changed dramatically over the
last two centuries. We discuss these two countries together because the evolution of rights is remarkably parallel. The initial situation was also similar,
as the legal system in both countries is grounded in the common law (with exceptions in a few U.S. states that were initially colonized by Spain or
France).The changes to women's rights over the last 200 years can be grouped into three phases. During the second half of the nineteenth century,
women gained economic rights related to property, child custody, and divorce. During the early twentieth century, political rights were extended to
women.

What Is Bail Reform Act Of 1984
Bail Reform Act of 1984
History
1)Judiciary Act of 1789
<ul>
<li>Defined bailable offenses and established judicial limits on setting bail
<li>All noncapital offenses were bailable
<li>Bail was left to the discretion of the federal judge
</ul>
2)Bail Reform Act of 1966
<ul>
<li>Established a statutory presumption in favor of pretrial release in all noncapital cases
<li>Primarily concerned with defendant's flight
<li>Attempt to set reasonable conditions of pretrial release and eliminate bond requirements
<li>Failed to address crimes committed by those awaiting trial
</ul>
3)D.C Court Reform and Criminal Procedures Act of 1970
<ul>
<li>First federal attempt to define eligibility for pretrial release ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
v. Salerno (1987)

·Perceived dangerousness constitute preventive detention?
·Second Circuit Court of Appeals says no (only flight risk)
·Supreme Court says yes, and practice is constitutional
5)General Accounting Study
<ul>
<li>Most comprehensive study to date
<li>How conducted
</ul>
·Conducted in four judicial districts representing both large and small caseloads
ØNorthern Indiana

How Successful Were The Suffragettes
Were the Suffragettes Successful?
The Suffragettes were formed by Emmeline Pankhurst in October of 1903 as the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and were essentially a
new organisation based on the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), whose members were known as Suffragists. The
Suffragettes are famous, or rather infamous, for their use of violence. Their motto was, after all, 'Deeds not Words'. Historians still argue today as to
how successful they were in their own right, whether it was inevitable for women to get the vote, and, if so, how much of a contribution the
Suffragettes really made. Many argue that it was womens' effort in the First World War that made the most difference to women obtaining the vote in
1918, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Full electoral equality was not in place until the Representation of the People Act 1928. Both the Suffragettes and the Suffragists celebrated up and
down the country; the Act had been achieved after tireless years of campaigning and four years of filling jobs left by men who went to war – which,
to most, undeniably helped to convince Parliament to greater effect than the extreme activities of the Suffragettes pre–WW1. Many agree that the
Suffragists' efforts also played a very important role, including Joyce Marlow, women's history writer, who wrote in Votes for Women (2000);
'Some would argue – including me – that it was the moderates of the NUWSS, led by Millicent Fawcett, who actually won the vote. In 1912, while
the militants embarked on arson and bombing, the NUWSS made a successful working alliance with the growing Labour Party. It was this group which
successfully lobbied for the 1918 Franchise

Why Did Some Women Get the Vote in 1918?
This essay shall attempt to explain why some women got the vote in 1918 by discussing male and female spheres, the emergence of the suffrage
societies and the similarities and differences between them. It shall proceed to discuss anti–suffrage, the role of politics, discuss how the war affected
the women's movement and finally the 1918 Representation of the People Act. It shall conclude was a summary of the points discussed.
To understand the reasons behind some women getting the vote in 1918, one must look back at the history of the women's movement to fully
understand the reason female suffrage was sought and gained. In Victorian Britain there was a longstanding and persistent belief that men and women
occupied separate spheres. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently the militant campaign escalated in 1912 with attacks on government and commercial buildings and commonly took the form of window
smashing. Other militant tactics involved setting fire to letters boxes, defacing buildings, burning golf greens with acid and firebombing the newly
built country house of then Prime Minister Lloyd George.
Suffragettes arrested for criminal damage refused to pay fines and were then put in prison. As a protest against being denied the rights of political
prisoners, they went on hunger strike. The government authorised force–feeding, which met with resistance not only from the prisoners themselves but
also from the movement at large. By 1913 the Liberal government introduced the Prisoners Temporary Discharge Act, which was also known as the 'Cat
and Mouse' Act, which meant that once the prisoner's health had deteriorated past a certain point, they could be temporarily released to regain their
health and then rearrested again.
The catch was that they were soon rearrested if they did not return to the prison voluntarily so that the cycle of hunger–strike and force–feeding could
be continued. Despite the new technique failing to change government policy, it contributed to suffragette propaganda. The purpose of suffrage
propaganda was to build up an irresistible pressure of public opinion and at the same time convert MPS to

Social And Domestic Impact Of The First World War

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