Hybrid Vehicles Are Environmentally Friendly Vehicles

Hybrid Vehicles Are Environmentally Friendly Vehicles
Hybrid vehicles, which are environmentally friendly vehicles, which will replace fossil fueled car in the future but they have a limited range and long
fueling time. As fossil fuel resources start to become limited and non–environmentally friendly, car manufacturers are looking to find ways to make
hybrid vehicles the future of transportation. Hybrid vehicles are beneficial since they are efficient, reduce pollution, and cut global emission than the
current hybrids models. As such, hybrid–electric vehicles can have real public benefits for both the environment and for energy security. Hybrid
vehicles can help reduce smog pollution by ninety percent or more in comparison to the cleanest conventional vehicles today. Hybrids also give a
rewarding tax insensitive in a way to get more people to buy and drive hybrid vehicles to help keep the environment clean. As for now, hybrids
have their strengths and weaknesses that haven 't been perfected yet, but they keep on getting better each year. The reason hybrid vehicles get better
gas mileage is because of the small electric motor that provides a little extra power to the small engine compared to the big gasoline powered
engines. Even though hybrid vehicles have a short mile range with a small electric engine you can drive an extra mile to the gas station in case of an
emergency when you accidentally run out fuel. Hybrid cars are known to get five miles per gallon better mileage on average than a traditional internal
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Self Driving Vehicles
In about a decade, self driving cars have transformed from a distant, futuristic dream to a close certainty. As people begin to acclimate to the idea of
self–driving cars, developers, such as Google, Tesla, Audi, and Nissan race to create the best, road–ready, consumer–ready vehicles that are able to
navigate our streets independently.
While I believe will soon be widely adopted by the young and old alike, the reality is these cars will be more expensive and may be difficult for
your average joe to afford. Although the personal ownership of self driving vehicles will undeniably occur, fleets of driverless vehicles run through
companies like Uber, Lyft, Google, and many more, will be the compelling force behind the driverless revolution that ... Show more content on
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Studies have shown some consumers are cautious of handing over control to a computer, however studies have also shown they are quick to overcome
these fears when that have even a brief, positive experience with the technology. With developer companies investing and pushing for this technology,
it is simply a matter of time before everyone and their neighbor is familiar and comfortable in driverless vehicles.
The noticeable advantage of self driving cars is that they allow for a shared vehicle ownership model, whether ownership is shared between
companies, cities, or individuals. Although cars are one of the most expensive things a family might own, 96% of the time, they stand idle in
driveways, parking lots, and garages. By developing a network of self–driving cars, fewer will be needed to transport the same amount of people if
they can drive themselves around to help someone run errands while the car would typically be parked while someone was at work, school,

Who Are Driverless Vehicles?
Close your eyes. Breath in and out slowly. Imagine you need to go somewhere, and "all you need to do is get into your car and tell it where to go."
You don't even need to touch the steering wheel. No more spilling hot coffee on yourself coming to a sudden stop or not being able to text or call that
significant other. No more vehicle fatalities. Now, what if I told you that this image can become a reality in the near future? The United States would
be changed forever. 253 million cars eventually transformed into computer driven vehicles. A ripple effect set into motion all because of one event. An
event that will become a major turning point in American history is Tesla announcing on October 19th 2016 that their electric cars would be the first...
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No one single person can truly take credit for first thinking of driverless cars. It's similar to no one can take credit for first thinking of going to
space. It's general curiosity. It could be argued that the idea of driverless car was a mistake. The Stanford Cart was originally a prototype for lunar
carts for space. The cart used a video camera to 'see', so it could navigate where to go. Once, the Stanford Cart successfully weaved its way through
a room of chairs, engineers saw the possibilities of driverless vehicles from this lunar cart. Experimenting with driverless vehicles started as early as
the 1950s, however it was evident that the idea was way ahead of technology at the time. It wasn't until 1995 that Carnegie Mellon University robotic
division tested the NavLab 5, a 1990 Pontiac Trans Sport rigged with cameras, computers, etc. This automobile would travel from Pittsburgh to Los
Angeles. The NavLab 5 would record a 98.2% autonomous driving score, the highest it's ever been in the world at the time. The vehicles still require
a certain amount of assistance, but regardless, it was considered a success. Stanford University and Carnegie Mellon University would be leaders in the
development of autonomous vehicles for a while. At this point, driverless vehicle technology was starting to attract the attention of the US government.
It was attracting so much attention that DARPA, The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, put on robotic car race in the Mojave Desert for a
million dollars. Fifteen teams entered, but all failed to reach the finish line. Eager for the technology to be fast–tracked, DARPA doubled the winnings
for the 2005 Grand Challenge. Stanford would take home the two million dollars with their vehicle, Stanly, a Volkswagen Touareg. This still wasn't
enough for DARPA. They would hold another race in 2007, but this time, vehicles had to obey traffic

Autonomous Vehicle Deontology
I would choose Deontology for the programming of the autonomous vehicles. "Deontology refers to moral philosophies that focus on the rights of the
individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than its consequences." (Ferrell, et al, 2013, p.159). Why some other life
should be taken by the actions of the autonomous vehicle. The rights of the individuals in the video in the other lanes would take preference over the
autonomous vehicles rights. Since, the autonomous vehicle would be programmed to not break the law and speed and follow safe following
procedures; the vehicle should be able to withstand the impact. However, even if the impact is fatal, I believe the rights of the others in the vehicle
should

Autonomous Vehicles
Introduction
Currently there are great leaps being made in the automotive industry involving computers. The industry is removing the human element in regards to
driving and delegating more of those duties to the computer. Some manufacturers have made it easier to park or stay in the correct lane while some
manufacturers are looking into a complete autonomous vehicle (AV). These are completely self–driving cars which the computer system controls every
aspect of the drive. AVs have the potential to alter the landscape of driving like it has never been altered before. They have the potential to reduce the
number of deadly crashes, provide transportation to elderly and disabled people and provide more capacity on the road. ... Show more content on
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Computers will be able to make split second decisions which the human brain is not capable of. "Most accidents are caused by human error, and in
theory by replacing human input with well–programmed computers, the risks of driving could be substantially reduced, the report said." (Reactions,
2014)
"But here's the thing: Even if self–driving cars never achieve perfection, it's looking increasingly likely that they'll prove far safer than your average
cellphone–checking, selfie–snapping, road–raging, falling–asleep–at–the–wheel human driver ever was. In fact, given that Google's cars have now
logged nearly 700,000 miles without causing a single accident, it seems that they already are." (Oremus, n.d.) During a robotics conference, Chris
Urmson stated that they had performed tests of when the car was in control and when the human was in control. The car was at a near–collision state
for most of the human test while the computer test was smoother and safer. (Simonite, 2013) So not only is the AV safer, but it is a smoother ride as
well. There are no sudden stops or quick starts.
"The pressure to adopt self–driving cars, with the safety benefits they can deliver, might be overwhelming, however. Ulrich Eichhorn, MD of the
German car makers' industry association the VDA reckons the pressure for autonomous cars and their role in preventing accidents will be almost
overwhelming. "They'll initially reduce accidents by maybe 90 percent," he says."(English,

Energy Vehicles And Electric Vehicles
Consumers are constantly surrounded by advertisements and these advertisements play a significant role in affecting people's daily decision–making.
Automobiles continue to be one of the fastest growing industries, especially in the United States; therefore, advertisements are crucial and are
constantly changing to meet the requirements and needs of the consumers. In order to target the desired consumers and market effectively, the
advertising techniques need to be different from traditional gasoline vehicles because the consumers must be able to compare the types of vehicles out
in the market and find the type that best suits their demand. In this case, consumers are contemplating between traditional gasoline vehicles and electric
vehicles (EV). There are three ways of advertising that carefully examine how each type of vehicle can satisfy the specific demands of their potential
customers; therefore, automobile companies must compete endlessly to come up with advertisements that target consumers right at the heart focusing
on manufactures' ethics, consumers' psychology, and trends. Electric vehicles' advertisements target consumers' demands by including some of the
advantages of EV in the advertisements. These advantages include wordings like zero emission and driving the future. The specific wordings are able
to imprint positive qualities of EV into consumers' minds. It puts EV in a better position than traditional vehicles as it takes advantages by using words
that

Driverless Vehicles
An addition to the world of technology is the introduction of driverless vehicles. Many companies including Google, Audi, BMW and Mercedes are
investing in this project. The idea of a vehicle driving itself has been of great interest to companies and manufacturers all over the world are using
technology to build and test such vehicles. Governments around the world are on board with this venture and they are reviewing the Highway Code,
legal frameworks and legislative changes to accommodate the development of driverless vehicles (Department of transport, 2015). However, it may
seem that not everyone is comfortable with the idea of autonomous vehicles. The moral ramifications associated with driverless cars seem to be one
reason why people are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That it is the responsibility of humans, just as it is with manual vehicles to maintain a good level of concentration at times of driving the vehicle. This
may be true but it could be argued that it is easier to concentrate when a human is actually driving. That a passenger may not be as attentive to the
road and its surroundings as much as a driver is. If the driver is going to act like the passenger in a driverless vehicle then the concern would be that
is it possible to be that attentive when not actually driving? It is suggested that manufactures of driverless vehicles monitor the performance of test
drivers and see if their levels of concentration are good and if they represent any risks (Department for transport, 2015). However, many questions
arise about how these tests will take place, how will humans be monitored on their concentration abilities. What will happen in the case of failing such
tests? How will the roads look with humans and robots driving alongside each

Flatbed Vehicle
When you place a call to arrange for towing service, odds are good that you'll expect one specific type of tow truck to arrive: a flatbed vehicle.
However, there are actually multiple types of tow trucks that roadside assistance teams may use. While not every towing service will have all of them
in their fleet, it's worth asking about, in order to ensure you get the right vehicle for your needs.
The following are the three most common towing vehicles in use:
Flatbed Truck
Again, this is the most well–known variety. As the name suggests, it consists of a truck with a wide flatbed area for your vehicle to rest on. Small
ramps allow the crew to drag or drive your car up into the flatbed. Typically, this is regarded as the safest towing vehicle

Driverless Vehicles Essay
In recent discussions of growing technology, a controversial issue has been whether we are ready for the advancements of driverless vehicles. On the
one hand, some argue that these advancements have already proven that we are ready. On the other hand, however, others argue that we need to have
more experience with the technology before we can be ready. In sum, then, the issue is are we ready or not for driver–less cars. While others think that
driverless vehicles can't be trusted yet without a commission to help lawmakers with regulating the vehicles and government officials that know more
about this technology to better watch over it, I believe that we are ready for this new evolving automobile because driverless vehicles already has too
much potential beginning with its self–automated breaking system and warnings. Google has announced that their self–driving cars will be on the road
in two to five years. The company hopes that they will in America by 2020 but even if they are not people wonder if they will be safe and if we are
ready to share the road with these vehicles. I believe that we will be ready for self–driving cars on the roads because we already have vehicles with
system to prevent collisions such as early warnings and automatic lane changing from tesla motors. John Villasenor is a professor of electrical
engineering and public policy at the University of California, Los Angeles, he is also a member of the World Economic Forum's Global... Show more
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Ryan Calo is a law professor at the University of Washington. He discusses the importance of regulating autonomous cars. "When Congress asked the
Department of Transportation to determine whether a software glitch caused Toyotas to suddenly accelerate, the agency had to ask NASA" (Calo).
What Calo is say is that we need to have the knowledge and ability to regulate autonomous

Vehicle Repair History Check
If you are about to buy a used vehicle, it is essential that you check all relevant details so that you have no regrets later on. It is important that you run
a vehicle repair history check. It is important because you must know about the vehicle's exact condition, instead of relying on the information given by
the seller, because there is a large possibility that the seller is not being totally truthful.
A vehicle repair history check tells you about the history of any repairs done on the vehicle. It also informs you about the vehicle's owner. Apart from
the services done on the vehicle, it also gives you other minuscule information such as the type of repair work done on the vehicle. It tells us about the
used vehicle's actual condition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dealer will inform you about the repairs done on the vehicle if it was done in his workshop. If the vehicle was not repaired in the dealer's
workshop, then it is advisable to ask the seller. The seller would be able to give you details about the workshop where the vehicle was repaired. You
then just have to visit the workshop. These workshops have the records of the vehicles repaired there, in a computerized form. You just have to give
them the VIN and they will tell you about the vehicle's repair history.
However, the best way of discovering a vehicle's repair history is to carry out a complete vehicle history check through one of the registered
agencies. By running an online vehicle history check you will have full details of what repairs the vehicle has undergone in its lifetime. This will make
it impossible for a seller to give false information and is a good way for a prospective buyer of a used car to protect himself.
As you probably already know, having details of a used car's history is essential before purchase. And with online car history checking services
offering a full repair history so easily and quickly, there is no excuse for any prospective used car buyer to not take this simple step to protect

Electric Vehicles Vs Hybrid Vehicles
My recommendation report will be focusing on the Electric vehicles versus Hybrid vehicles by keeping in view two criterions. Problem The use
of vehicles has solved many of our problems and has facilitated the human kind in many aspects starting from transportation purposes to the time
efficiency. If we just be looking at the positive side of the vehicles then the negative aspects of the use of vehicles will be hidden from us.
(Hooftman, Oliveira, Messagie, Coosemans, & Mierlo, 2016)The two important aspects that bring negativity in the selection of the vehicles are its
effects on environment and also its costs as compared to the benefits it is giving. The paper will select two types of vehicles and will analyze them
on the basis of environment concerns and cost/benefit analysis to provide a better solution to select which product is the best. The basic problem
which is arising is that which product is most effective to be used which will satisfy both the criteria selected for the analysis. The two criteria
selected are actually the 2 most important aspects of selecting any vehicle. Scope The paper compares two vehicles Electric Vehicles and Hybrid
Vehicles on the following two criteria; 1.Environmental Concerns 2.Cost/Benefit Analysis The above mentioned 2 criteria will be used to make a
comparison and analysis of report of the two vehicles to judge their effectiveness and efficiencies in both the criteria. Discussion Environmental
Concerns With the latest advancement in

Vehicle Identification Number
The best way to purchase a car is to compare more than one car and weigh out the pros and cons of each vehicle. Depending on your needs and
financial abilities, you will have to decide whether to get a new car or used car. If you decide to buy a used car then you will have a lot of things to do
before you buy it. For example, you have to make sure you can afford the cost of the car and know the basics of that car, such as mileage and what
repairs it needs.
You would also have to do background check on the car. This means investigating the history of a car using itsVehicleIdentification Number using the
services of Kelly Blue Book. If you do this you will discover a lot of information concerning whether the car has been involved in accidents,

The Pros And Cons Of Driverless Vehicles
The 21st century is expected to have many advances in technology. One of these advances are driverless cars. What is putting the brakes on these
vehicles? Although Google and other technicians would have us believe that fully autonomous vehicles are right around the corner, there are about six
challenges preventing creation. Ethical dilemmas are the first barriers. The cars would be programmed to avoid collisions but there might not be
enough time to stop, or the car would go into oncoming traffic. Driving styles might not fit the "driver" so a dilemma could be that the default settings
couldn't be overridden. Another difficulty is who to blame in an accident. No one believes that the cars would be flawless. Would the driver be
responsible, the manufacturer, the maker, or the software company? Most managing directors don't have the answers yet. It would seem if there is no
way to override that the manufacturer is the responsible party. Sorting out all the details "will take years and lots of legal wrangling, not to mention
new regulations at national and international level."... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Semi–autonomous tech is already available such as emergency brakes, or cruise control. "Sensors," in the car "may not have sufficient range to react
fast enough at high speed when something happens ahead," says Andy Whydell. The fourth dilemma is standards. Driverless cars might need to
communicate with each other, but industries might not agree to a standard. Collaboration in the market is necessary, but in a highly competitive
market it may be unavailable. Don't forget the fifth problem, security risks. Cars will be able to connect to the internet, mobile networks, music, and
social media. Hacking would be even more of an

Vehicle Enhancement
Vehicle Enhancement Service:
Vehicles have become such an important part of our life. We uses bikes, cars, trucks, trains, ships to move from one place to another or transfer goods
from one place to the other. These vehicles does need there enhancements service time to time. Enhancement service intervals vary from one vehicle to
another. Most older vehicles that has non–electronic ignitions should be tuned every 10,000 to 12,000 whereas newer ones with ignition and fuel
injection system are scheduled to go from 25000 miles to as many miles with needing a major tune up.
How to tell where your vehicle need an Enhancement service
The car stalls a lot
The spark plugs of your vehicle may be fouled or worn, the gap between the spark plug electrodes

Motor Vehicle Repair
A car repair is required if something breaks down with your motor vehicle. It can be any number of things that go wrong with your automobile.
Sometimes a car repair is large and can be expensive to have completed by a mechanic and sometimes it is more of a minor repair. What you need to
do to avoid constantly taking your car into a service center for work is to properly maintain it.
Preventative maintenance is key to having a well–functioning motor vehicle. When you take good care of your car this helps keep it in better shape and
can increase the lifespan of your automobile. You can keep some car repairs at bay if you maintain your motor vehicle in the manner that it needs to be
maintained.
What should you do to care for the health of your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most often when this happens the light is yellow in color. This could mean that the computer in the car is failing or that there is an electrical
problem. It could also be a sign of a mechanical malfunction. Another potential problem that can be signaled when the Check Engine light comes on
is vehicle emissions which can bring about a reduction in gas mileage. In some cases this light may come on at the same time that you are
experiencing other problems such as a reduction of power or complete loss of power in your car, sputtering or a rough idle. None of these problems
should ever be

Ejection Passenger Vehicles
Prevent ejection–Passenger vehicles are designed to keep people inside the vehicle where they can be protected. People thrown from a vehicle are
four times more likely to be killed than those who stayed inside. One of the most common myths about safety belt use is that you are better off
being "thrown clear" of a crash. Statistics prove otherwise. Contact the body at the strongest parts of its structure: For an older child or adult, these
parts are the hips and shoulders. For an infant and young children, there is really no part strong enough, so the child restraint supports the entire
body to avoid stress on any one part. Spread forces over a wide area of the body putting less stress on any one part. Allow the body to slowly ride down
the

Oil In Vehicles
Changing the oil in a car is a very important thing. If you do not change it your vehicle's motor could lock up. I am going to explain to you the
process of how to change the oil in your vehicle. There are a few things you will need to do this such as, a ratchet, oil filter, fresh oil, ramps, and
something to drain your oil into. The whole process is pretty simple if you follow these steps. The first step is to open your hood. There should be
a lever inside your door that will release the hood. Once you get the hood open you will need to take your oil cap off of the motor for better air flow.
It is important to clean the inside of that cap so you do not get any dirt in your motor. Youwant to keep your motor as clean as possible. The next

Vehicle Pollution And Vehicle Pollution
If we have a look at traffic today, we see more and more cars that are powered by electricity instead of the ecologically harmful fuel most cars used to
drag their power from. Although the first electric car was invented by the Scottish inventor Robert Anderson between 1832 and 1839, a crude electric
carriage powered by non–rechargeable primary cells, between now and then the majority of cars we found on the streets were powered by fuel. But
still, although more than 2 million electric vehicles now travel the world's roads, they only make up 0.2 percent of the total light–duty passenger vehicle
share around the world. And still, this is a major step in the right direction. In 2016, the number of electric cars increased by 60 percent, and in 2015
by 77 percent. Electric cars sure are in the ascendant, just why is that a good thing? The answer is quite simple and everywhere known; vehicle pollution
. And because this vehicle pollution is a major problem for us and our environment, the negative externalities of this vehicle pollution are going to be
analyzed and advice on how to solve or better, get rid of the problem, is going to be offered.
To start off, here is a short definition of what exactly negative externalities are. They are costs that are suffered by a third party. These costs are also
called the social welfare loss. Producer and consumer are the first and second parties, third parties on the other hand are individual people other than
producer and consumer, property

Annotated Bibliography On Driverless Vehicles
Sandesh Aryal
Angela Taylor
English 1301–51014
14 Nov 2017
Annotated Bibliography
Ajay, Chopra. "What's Taking So Long for Driverless Cars to Go Mainstream?" Fortune, 22
July.2017. This article tries to explain the reason why driverless vehicles may take time to be adapted to the public transportation regardless of the fast
pace of technological innovation. The author cites societal friction as the most significant impediment to full automation. This is evidenced by the
extent of blames on the fatal crash in Ohio. Also, machine error is judged more harshly than human error. This article offers relevant information to the
possible impediment to full automation.
Arjun, Kharpal. "Driving drunk or on drugs in a driverless car should be legal, expert ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accessed 14 Nov.2017. This article discusses both the positive and negative sides of the driverless trucks from the perspective of safety, technological
dilemma, and economic impact on individuals and the economy. The author asserts that the economy of the self–driven vehicle is higher than that for
the driverless cars. Contrariwise, the author argues that safety measures can be enhanced by exploiting the safety equipment. This article provides a
balanced view of both sides of the divide.
Hoffa, James P. "Drivers Wanted." Technology review, 2017, pp. 10, SIRS Issues
Researcher, https://sks–sirs.com.dcccd.idm.oclc.org.Accessed 14 Nov.2017. The author of this article disagrees with the idea of driverless vehicles
because of the risk they expose the public to. The author cites research cases to prove that over 95% of the motorists in U.S are against sharing roads
with driverless trucks and trailers. Also, the author refuses the argument that autonomous vehicles will solve accidents caused by human error. This
article has essential qualitative data on the negative impact of driverless cars.
Pelini, Jake. "Unsafe at any Speed." Atlantic Monthly, Mar. 2017, pp. 22, SIRS

Online Vehicle Rental System
PROPOSAL FOR AN ONLINE VEHICLE RENTAL SYSTEM
A DISSERTATION PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFULLMENT OF THE UNIT ( PROJECT, UNIT CODE) BIT 2221.
JUNE 2012
ABSTRACT
This project is being considered in order to reduce and totally eliminate loss of customers to competitors, and save the company from folding up. The
current system is manual and it is time consuming. It is also cost ineffective, and average return is low and diminishing. Currently, customers can call
or walk–in in order to rent or reserve a vehicle. The staff of the company will check their file to see which vehicle is available for rental. The current
system is error prone and customers are dissatisfied. The goal of this project is to automate vehicle rental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It will be easy for the company staff to keep track of available, reserved or rented vehicle so as to avoid the confusion of reserving one vehicle for two
clients which is a common problem when using manual systems To the Client/customer
The customer will not have to travel to the company offices for Him to reserve of rent a vehicle. He will do so at the comfort of his home or office.
1.4Problem Statement
Currently the system being used is a manual one where clients have to come physically into the office in order for them to rent or reserve a vehicle.
The system poses a number of challenges that include:–
1.Time consuming
In the current system, clients have to come to the company offices physically in order to rent or reserve a vehicle which is a waste of time.
When there are many clients to be attended to it may take long for the company staff to serve all of them.
2.Error Prone
The company staff are very likely to make errors when using the current manual system, for example it is very easy to reserve one car for two clients,
under charge or overcharge a client.
3.Cost
The operating cost of the current System is high but with the implementation of the Automated System only a few no of staff will be able to run the

System.
1.5 Proposed solution
The problems of the current System will be addressed by the development of an online vehicle rental and reservation System so that customers do not
need to walk–in or call in

The Hybrid Vehicle Is A Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Since 1984 the United States military has been using various versions of the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), or Humvee as
it's more commonly known. As the environment, technology, and mission needs change, so must the design and capabilities of vehicles used by the
military. A version of the Reconnaissance, Surveilling, Targeting Vehicle (RST
–V) nicknamed The Shadow is a hybrid electric vehicle developed to
meet the changing demands. Its creation is intended to meet the demands of an ever changing battlefront and reduce the limitations posed by previous
vehicles. This paper will cover what a hybrid vehicle is, brief history of the technology, how it is being used to develop new vehicles for the military,
and what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first hybrid electric vehicle is developed by Ferdinand Porsche in 1901. The Lohner–Porsche Mixte Hybrid, being the first ever of its kind, makes
use of a gasoline powered engine in conjunction with electric generators and motors. In the early 1980's hybrid vehicles become more advanced
through the use of the regenerative brake design. Modern versions of hybrids enter the scene in the late 1990's with the Honda Insight and Toyota
Prius. These models suffer a slow start due to high purchase costs and relatively low costs of fuel. As the purchase price of hybrid vehicles decline
over the following years and the cost of fossil fuels increase, hybrids have become increasingly popular. Today, the use of hybrid vehicles are
continuing to rise and become more popular with the addition of plug–in hybrid electric vehicles. Plug–in vehicles are able to be charge from an
external power source while it is parked, allowing for the batteries to fully charge without the use of the combustion engine. This technology isn't
only for civilian applications. The Shadow is developed by two American companies, General Dynamic Land Systems (GDLS) and Lockheed Martin
Missiles and Fire Control. They are awarded an initial contract in 1997 by the Office of Naval Research as well as the Defense Advanced Research
Agency (DARPA). The purpose of this contract is to create a vehicle compatible to meet multiple mission variants, which is currently being fulfilled

Autonomous Vehicles
Autonomous Vehicles Google with the help of specially trained scientist and engineers, have come up with a robot concept car. This autonomous
vehicle uses artificial intelligence software. This can sense anything near and mimic the decisions made by a human driver. With someone behind the
wheel to take control if something goes wrong and a technician in the passenger seat to monitor the navigation system. Using a funnel like cylinder on
the roof contains a camera and a sensor. The mass production of this car has people to believe that they can transform society as profoundly as the
internet has. The first thought that comes to mind when you think about a car that could drive itself, is that how safe could it be? You could also ask...
These buttons would come into place. GPS navigation and Bluetooth capabilities have been programmed and are accessible. Using the GPS
navigation, which allows you to preprogram routes, makes this easier. Also turn by turn directions can be used. Voice detection can be used by
master controller. The GPS and the sensor are programed to follow speed limits and to stop at traffic lights. It also can sense when there is a cyclist
or pedestrian at a crosswalk. A pleasant voice will announce "you are approaching a crosswalk" or a stop sign. Making it so, that the driver can't miss
anything in its way. Different personalities from being a cautious driver to an aggressive driver have been programed. The self–driving car initiative is
an example of Google's willingness to gamble on technology that may not payoff for years. Even the most optimistic predictions put the deployment of
the technology more than eight years away. Working toward making robotic vehicles would essentially make highways safer and lower the nation's
energy costs. Reducing fuel consumption by eliminating heavy–footed, stop–go drivers could not only save money, but could reduce possible
accidents. But the advent of autonomous vehicles poses thorny legal issues. Under current law, a human must be in control of a car at all

Hybrid Vehicles Vs. Electric Vehicles
In this day and age, our world is being consumed by the rapid growth of the world's population. From the beginnings of time with cave men
thousands of years ago up until the Industrial Revolution, the number of people living on this planet never passed a billion, and was always
growing at a slow pace. When the Industrial Revolution hit the population skyrocketed to over 7 billion people. The growth of population has not
slowed down since then, and more technological advances are popping up everyday to help balance the rapid growth. The amount of people in the
world is literally growing each and every day. As the population grows we put more demands on our planet to provide for the billions and billions of
people inhabiting it. The world... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1990, the decision by the California Air Resources Board to limit air pollution by enforcing the rule that 2% of each automaker's sales must have
zero emissions in the 1998 model year. This decision opened the door completely for electric vehicles and essentially mandated the automobile
industry to make developments in hybrid/electric vehicles (Anglin 1). Functional hybrids have additionally been around for over a century. By 1900,
a Belgian carmaker introduced a hybrid that had a small gasoline engine along with an electric motor. Like the history of electric cars, the production
of hybrid vehicles was at a standstill between the 1930's and 1960's due to the development of the piston combustion engine, and the fact that oil
consumption and air quality were not pressing issues. After this period of time, hybrid vehicles once again attracted interest and by the 1990's more
time and energy were going into the development of hybrid vehicles (Berman 1). Most manufacturers developed EV's on an experimental basis in the
1990's, often with research subsidies from the government. But since these initial breakthroughs, the manufacture of EV's driven solely by an electric
motor has been discontinued due to practical considerations. The key problem was their limited range, often less than 100 miles, and the recharging
process took upwards of several

The Pros And Cons Of Driverless Vehicles
Self–driving cars are no longer a thought of the future. Companies like Tesla, Mercedes, and BMW have already released, or are soon to release
them. Driverless cars were first created in the 1980's but they didn't use them in real traffic situations until 2013. But recently the driver of a tesla
model S electric sedan was killed in an accident while the car was in self driving mode( Jamie L ). Driverless cars may be a neat invention to make
driving easier but there are various flaws like hackers, that need to be addressed. There are multiple problems with driverless vehicles one of them
would be hackers. On the one hand, some argue that driverless cars are more dangerous than safe. "Robert" explains how the more technology
installed in the car the easier it will be to take control of. Since driverless cars are full of it, it makes them even more vulnerable to hackers. Almost
any digitally connected device in a car could become an entry point to the vehicle's central communications network, opening a door for hackers to
potentially take control by, for instance, disabling the engine or brakes(Robert J ). He demonstrates how the cars are more... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Shawn" explains how driverless cars will lower the rate of deaths across the world. Driver–assist and self–driving innovations are changing our lives
for the better. More than 35,000 people died in crashes on U.S. roadways in 2015 alone, and 2.4 million more were injured. Over 90 percent of those
crashes were caused by human error. Self–driving technology holds the potential of preventing much of that carnage. They may hold the potential to
prevent crashes but they are still able to be hacked and that could cause the same effect to happen because they aren't perfected. I believe we shouldn't
use driverless cars because it is safer to have a human being controlling the car rather than a robot that could be tampered

A Hovercraft Is An Air Vehicle
INTRODUCTION
A hovercraft is an air vehicle, or ACV, is a craft capable of travelling over Land, water, on the ice , soil or other surfaces, both travel Speed and stop.
Transporting vehicle also called a hovercraft, that rides slightly above the Earth 's surface on a cushion of air. The air is continuously forced under the
vehicle by a fan which generates the cushion that greatly reduces friction between the moving vehicle and the surface.
The air is usually delivered through ducts and injected at Periphery of the vehicle in a downward , inward direction. This has been due to various
reasons. The inability to control and maneuver minute maintenance and noise levels are relatively high compared with the car hard enough to
overcome to keep the car and the air cushion in the margins of modern transportation. It also came along more than fifty years after the accepted
standard cars as a means of transport in many guises, cars, trucks, recreational vehicles and so forth.
4
WHO DISCOVERED HOVERCRAFT ?
British inventor Christopher Cockerel in the early 1950s during the experiments were carried out with a device called the hovercraft. . He is known
as the father and innovator of the hovercraft. Christopher has given a direction to the new generation of hovercraft. The basic principle of the vehicle
resting on a cushion of air and the propeller to provide forward motion. It is a type

Buying New Vehicles
When it comes time to buy a vehicle, you may start to feel overwhelmed with the vast number of options. One important thing you will need to
decide early in the buying process is whether you want to buy used, buy new, or lease a new car. For people with less than perfect credit, buying a
new vehicle is often prohibitively expensive, so they are left to decide between buying used or leasing. There are many benefits to buying a used car
which often make it the smarter choice.
You'll own your usedvehicle
When you purchase a used car, you'll own that vehicle outright once you pay off the loan. Once it is paid off, you'll have a vehicle and will be saving
yourself the cost of a monthly payment. Plus, if you take care of your vehicle, your used ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The truth is, there are lots of great used cars out there that are dependable, safe, and worth the investment. You can absolutely find a used car that has
been well maintained, has a low number of miles, and doesn't have an accident history. Even used cars that are a little older are often still in great
shape and still have a lot of life expectancy. By checking Carfax, looking for certified pre–owned vehicles, or asking for maintenance records, you can
help make sure you reap the maximum benefits of buying a used car. Furthermore, leasing a new car doesn't guarantee that you'll get a car that won't
have any problems.
Buying a car is a big decision. There are many benefits to buying a used car, including building your credit, ending up with a vehicle you own,
gaining collateral, and having more freedom to use your car as you wish. Leasing may make sense in some situations, but it generally tends to be a
poor investment. ABC Motorcredit has 5 dealership locations to help you find the used car that perfectly meets your needs. Stop by one of our
locations today to start the process of finding your ideal

Auto Mechanics For Light Vehicles
Auto mechanics for light vehicles. Repairs and assemble cars. The main tasks for an auto mechanic for light vehicles is to search, find and repair
faults on the vehicle's mechanical, electrical and electronic systems. This work is performed on both older and newer vehicles. Things we do: Search
for electronic error using PC or diagnostic tool for mechanical failures carry out service and maintenance of vehicles make repairs and replace parts
Automotive mechanic for light vehicles also estimates costs associated with the work to be performed. Car mechanics have much direct contact with
customers, and an important part of everyday work is about communicating well with these. Automotive mechanic for light vehicles tend to have much
contact with

Classic Vehicle Valuation
What Can You Do to Increase Your Classic Vehicle Valuation? It's a beautiful morning and you're polishing up your Carmen red 1961 Jaguar E
–Type
for your afternoon ride. You love her 3.8 litre, double overhead camshaft 6 cylinder, 265 bhp engine, that sounds just right after having her serviced in
the loving hands of your most trusted mechanic. But could your mechanic have repaired something that could negatively affect the valuation of your
vehicle? The answer may surprise you. A classic car isn't just expected to be running. Let's look at the top 5.5 things you can do to ensure your classic
vehicle continues an upward valuation. 1. Parts – When your vehicle was manufactured, the parts were all original factory pieces. Often when we ...
Exterior – We're not trying to be superficial here, but it's true, they don't make them like they used to. The exterior of your car should be as close to
the original as possible with as few (modern) aesthetic modifications as possible. They're gorgeous in their original form and collectors/hobbyists are
looking for original beauty. 5. Mechanics – This is relatively obvious, but we want a classic car that works... like it did in its heyday. One of the
biggest contributors to overall classic car value is the operation of the engine, transmission, steering, the state of the undercarriage and the, of course,
general wear and tear such as mileage. 5.5 Original Documentation – This doesn't necessarily guarantee an increase in value but simply because of how
rare it is to have the original showroom documentation for classic vehicles, it does tend to be in the very least a cool addition to the vehicle's history
and authenticity. All these things contribute to a category rating used to determine the value of your classic car. You should check with your
insurance provider to see whether there has been an increase in value of your prized possession. The chances are, because we're dealing with classics,
each year or every other year, there may be an adjustment in the valuation of your vehicle. Happy

The Adoption Of Autonomous Vehicles
2.1 Introduction
There are roughly 250 million registered motor vehicles in the United States (Blanco, 2010). This corresponds to almost one vehicle for every citizen.
According to the Federal
Highway Administration, the average American driver drives almost 40 miles every day (FHA, 2011). Given how heavilyvehicles are used today,
especially in the United States, their replacement with autonomous vehicles could easily have far–reaching implications.
The adoption of autonomous vehicles into society could affect a multitude of issues.
Among these issues are safety, cost, productivity, legality, public opinion, and the environment. Each will be touched upon in this section. It is
important to have a general knowledge of these areas in order to better understand the speed at which autonomous vehicles might be adopted.
We've chosen these areas specifically because we expect them to be the biggest factors in the adoption of autonomous vehicles. However, it's important
to keep in mind that some of the technologies that will be discussed are still being developed. Therefore the implications that are dependent on
technologies still being developed can be considered somewhat speculative.
2.2 Safety
One of the major incentives for developing autonomous vehicles is the potential impact on vehicle safety. In 2009, there were 10.8 million motor vehicle
accidents in the US, resulting in 35,900 deaths (Census 2012). It's estimated that over 90% of all accidents are due to

Self Driving Vehicle Safety
Self–driving vehicles present multiple hazards, in many different areas, these risks will have to be mitigated for the self–driving industry to survive.
Personal safety is going to be one of the major concerns when it comes time for the implementation of self–driving vehicles on our roadways. There are
many different personal injuries that could occur in a self–driving vehicle, to include whiplash, concussions, and other injuries from car wrecks. In the
article "Safety and Self–Driving cars" the author states this "I work in a computer department, and there are times when servers freeze, hardware fails
or patches for the operating system or software cause problems. If something similar were to happen on a self–driving car, then the passengers ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first major cause of self–driving vehicles will be when industrial fleets start switching over to autonomous vehicles. The effect of this will be the
loss of jobs throughout the truck driving industry. In the article "Automation Replacing Human Workers" the author states "A recent report by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics shows there are approximately 1.6 million American truck drivers in 2014. Earning a mean income of about $42,000.
In total, commercial truckers represent more than half a percent of the country, and $67 billion dollars in revenue or about .3% of the US GDP."
(Giarratana, C. 2016). This will have a major impact on our economy; we will have to find jobs for these truck drivers when the autonomous
vehicles do start taking over the trucking industry. Insurance companies will also be forced to take a different look at how they approach customers
for insurance coverage after the autonomous vehicles take the streets. They will have to look into switching from covering individuals to covering
the businesses who create the vehicles. Another cause of the autonomous vehicle will be how these vehicles will cause a lower accident rate
compared to what we have now. The effect of this action will be fewer accidents and deaths on our roadways, as well as better traffic patterns to lessen
the amount of time we are in our

Advantages Of Autonomous Vehicles
Autonomous vehicles (AVs), commonly referred to as self–driving cars, are touted as the future of our highways because of the many benefits of which
they boast. AV's are touted to reduce emissions, provide a means of mobility for people who are unable to drive themselves and ensure safer roads by
reduction/elimination of collisions.
Autonomous Vehicles comprise of three main hardware components: sensors, processor and actuators. Images and information is gathered from the
environment through sensors, the information travels through the processor (an onboard computer) and the processor effectively tells the car what to
do via the actuators – tools that allow the computer to control physical components like brakes or steering wheels.
Autonomous Vehicles collect a lot of data via their sensors at every point in time. The data collected is estimated to be approximately 1Gbps and this
can amount to about petabytes in a year. Not all the information collected is stored; most of the data is simply used for active driving and not detail
analysis. The processor on–board of the Autonomous Vehicledetermines, through smart algorithms the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On one hand this challenges might be obsolete for self–driving cars, as the status of the hardware in the vehicle is constantly monitored and reported to
the occupant to prevent any incident from occurring. Also the autonomous vehicles use a complex system of radar and sensors, which detect the
presence of other objects within a certain range around the car; so technically, the car is still able to "see" notwithstanding a certain level of fault such
as a broken head lamp. On the other hand, other drivers which still depend on these stimuli will require a functioning head light and brake light in order
to detect the presence of another vehicle in the dark in order to avoid

The Development Of The Autonomous Vehicle
The autonomous vehicle is a vehicle that can drive itself without having human input. These vehicles are programmed with complex algorithms to
mimic human behavior, but also operate on a level of consistency that humans have a hard time replicating. As we move into a new era of
transportation, automotive vehicles are going to help change the way society operates. Why change a system that we have been using for over one
hundred years? In the automobiles of today, we have to get in and manually give the car inputs. Since human error is natural, a lot can go wrong when
you are moving a two ton chunk of metal at alarming speeds. That is where autonomous vehicles (AVs) help us. Over the years we have found the need
to remove the human element... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One vital way in which autonomous vehicles will dramatically alter society is that they will have a tremendous impact on police forces around the
world, potentially cutting the need for them in half. Much of the day to day work for police and law enforcement is to enforce traffic rules and
responding to accidents. Having autonomous vehicles would mean fewer police would be needed for these tasks.
According to McKinsey, their projects are trying to promote that in the future, autonomous vehicles will free up huge amounts of parking space,
reduce auto accidents and allow people to have more time to enjoy TV shows, movies and digital media. Inside of the autonomous vehicles, the
interiors will become more like living rooms, allowing people to get more sleep while they are on their way to work. Autonomous vehicles will allow
to open up new business models and self–employment opportunities. Since we will not be required to operate the vehicles, our time in front of a
computer screen will increase. People will view thirty to forty percent more ads as commutes will become the preferred space to work. This whole
drastic change from us controlling the vehicle to a full autonomous vehicle will change today's forms of transportation and completely boost mobility
by allowing people, including the young, old, and disabled, to get around without having to walk, without having to know how to drive, and without
having to wait for a bus or train. Operating without a driver and using

Carfax Vehicle History Essay
Every CARFAX vehicle history report contains information that can impact a consumer's decision about a used vehicle.
As you look for ways to save money on your next used car purchase, CARFAX can help. There are several ways to get free vehicle history report from
CARFAX throughout the used car shopping process – from browsing cars for sale online to looking at cars on a dealer's lot.
CarFax provides used car history reports. If you are considering a vehicle for sale by a private seller, ask them for the CARFAX Report. In addition to
getting a CARFAX Report, before you buy a vehicle, it's a good idea to take a test drive and have the vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic.
Consumers can purchase CARFAX Vehicle History Reports three ways:
1 Carfax Report is $39.99
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FREE Carfax Reports are often included with online used car listings.
Every car listed for sale on Carfax Used Car Listings comes with a free CARFAX report. What's more, thousands of vehicles listed on sites like
AutoTrader.com and Cars.com can include a free car history report from CARFAX. Look for the free CARFAX Report links and get the same vehicle
history information that is available for purchase on Carfax.com.
If a vehicle listing does not include a link to a free car report, it simply means that a CARFAX–subscribing dealer has not recently run a report for that
vehicle. You may want to buy a CARFAX Report or ask the dealer for one.
A free car report from CARFAX is also available through many dealer Web sites. As you browse a dealer's used car inventory, look for links to free
CARFAX Reports.
If your dealer does not provide links to CARFAX Reports, contact the dealer and ask them for the CARFAX Report.
Free CARFAX Reports are available at many car dealerships in your area. Just ask the dealer when you visit their

Vehicle 1 Research Papers
VEHICLE 1:
Vehicle 1 was a gold, 2007 GMC Yukon, four door, sport utility vehicle, bearing Florida tag, 522 LWT and VIN#: 1GKFK63847J278997. The vehicle
was registered to Dannieram Sukhandan, of 1318 Rushgrove Circle, Dover, Florida 33527. Vehicle 1 had a registered curb weight of 5,581 pounds.
A post collision examination of Vehicle1 revealed it was powered by a fuel injected, 352–hp 6.2 Litre, V8, OHC, 16 valve engine, with no apparent
modifications. The drive train consisted of an all wheel drive, 4 speed automatic transmission with overdrive, with no apparent modifications.
Vehicle 1 was equipped with an independent front short and long arm suspension with an anti–roll bar, front torsion bar spring, front coil springs and gas
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sanita Sookdeo's current address is 1318 Rushgrove Circle, Dover, Florida 33527. Sookdeo's Florida driving history revealed no entries: Sanita
Sookdeo was wearing her seatbelt at the time of the crash.
Trip History (Driver 1):
According to sworn witness statements, Sanita Sookdeo was last seen at her residence by her husband, Dannieram Sukhandan at approximately
0900–0930 hours. Dannieram Sukhandan also advised she stopped at the Marathon gas station at the intersection of Parsons Avenue and Windhorst
Road (1302 N. Parsons Avenue) at approximately 1130 hours and purchased $20.00 in gas and a pack of cigarettes.
VEHICLE 2:
Vehicle 2 was a silver 2003 Acura TL, bearing Florida Tag, 4266FA and VIN#: 19UUA56643A085674. The vehicle was registered to Tanya Jane Crete,
of 10131 Sedgebrook Drive, Riverview, FL 33569. Vehicle 2 had a registered curb weight of 3413 pounds.
A post collision examination of Vehicle 2 revealed it was powered by a fuel injected, 225 hp, 3.2L V6 SOHC 24 valve engine, with no apparent
modifications. The drive train consisted of a front wheel drive, 5 speed automatic transmission with overdrive, with no apparent modifications and both
components appeared to be in good condition with no notable

Clean New Vehicle Testimonials
Clean New Vehicle Reviews and Honest Testimonials
You will certainly understand that the vehicle loses freshness and radiance and look dull if you currently have a vehicle for a couple of years. No
quantity of cleaning and cleaning in a carwash supply enduring outcomes. This is where the function of New clean enters into play. So exactly what is
the compound of Wipe New assist your automobile preserve glossy for an extended period like that?. In case you are brand–new to this item, you have
actually encountered the ideal page. Offered listed below is info about the item is gotten from a range of clean brand–new automobile testimonial.
This is the current silicone–dependent options that can be defined on the surface area of the automobile so that the automobile reaches a make over. It
makes your automobile well secured from destructive aspects such as mud, heat and water that makes the automobile color fade with the death of time.
You can utilize it securely... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All you have to follow some easy steps.
Prior to you make use of, ensure that the item is devoid of grease, dust and oil. So clean the surface area prior to you make use of Wipe New item.
Dirt and dust on the surface area can make the car appearance dull.
Unbox the kit specificing and usage of offered fabric in a kit outlining. The outlining kit consists of devices that can assist you make your vehicle look
much better than ever.
Drop a little cream to the fabric, then clean the surface area.
Keep your automobile off of wetness consisting of rain, puddles, dew, watering, vehicle cleaning, mist and so on to make sure a much better binding.
due to the fact that this cream will quickly bind and permeate to the surface area of the paint within 20 hours time.
Rub the cream in one instructions to make sure long–term surface. see amazing modifications after you utilize New

A Report On Car Sharing Vehicles
with vehicles located in neighborhoods, are rented by the hour,
The current transportation market offers consumers many options for purchasing an automobile, but fewer practical options for using a vehicle
occasionally.
This contributes to several problems:
It results in inefficient use of valuable assets. Many private automobiles are used only a few hours per week. These low annual–mileage vehicles have
high costs per vehicle–mile.
It increases vehicle use. Because cars are expensive to own but cheap to drive, owners have the incentive to maximize their use. This increases external
costs such as traffic congestion, facility costs, accidents and environmental impacts.
Some low–income households cannot afford to drive at all, or they spend an excessive portion of their budgets own vehicles they only need
occasionally. This is a financial burden and contributes to problems such as uninsured driving.
8.Car–Sharing Impacts: with fewer pollutants and use less fuel [momo_car–sharing_f03_environmental_impacts_en]
8.1.Environmental
Car–Sharing vehicles are better than when everyone use his/her own car because it is good in fuel efficiency and in emission levels are on the road
faster in Car–Sharing vehicles than in private cars.
8.2.Benefits
There are many benefits to use card–sharing:
Each Car–Sharing vehicle replaces at least four to eight personal cars
Reducing parking pressure – everybody benefits
Car–Sharing creates potential for better quality of life and

Vehicle Seatbelts
Advances in automotive technology and regulations have contributed to the decrease in car accidents. The chances of dying in a crash in newer
vehicle models have decrease by more than a third in the last years. The main factors that contribute to safer vehicles are improved structural designs
and the inclusion of passive safety features. Even with this car accidents are still the ninth leading cause of death among people of ages 15 to 29. "The
federal government mandated the presence of seatbelts in the 1960's, Anti–lock brake systems came in the 1970's. In the 80's and the 90's more strict
laws about drunk driving and seat belt used came along". (HIS.org). Surprisingly, even with all these improvements if action is not taken, operator
mistakes

Causes Of Vehicles
As a technician we are required to find the cause of a vehicles issue by verifying, analyzing, isolating and repairing the problem. As of this semester we
had a chance to work with similar causes and issues/complaints on a vehicle, most of the issues where Auto Electricity related. BMW's have an advance
wiring and advance computer/modules that control everything around an inside the vehicle. For the first day we reviewed and went back to our basics.
Some of our basics were voltage drop, continuity testing, KL terminals and BMW circuits component identification. One of the key points of body
electronics was knowing how to voltage drop. Voltage drop is a loss of voltage in the wire, it shows a difference in numbers by putting the leads in...
With the Wake–Up lines in the ACSM the car can detect when the car is about to be in a crash and sends signal to the module. The ASCM prepares
for a crash, it deploys airbags all around the car and depending on the severity of the crash and where in the B pillars or C pillars. It also tells the car
to shut down all fuel related lines, it automatically calls 911 and the hazard lights automatically turn on because of the crash safety module which is all
in the vehicles network. In addition to the advantages of the Wake–Up lines there are sensors that activate such as temperature sensors that help prevent
the car from overheating and coolant sensors, this also refers to Reference Voltage. Reference voltage is there to secure accurate readings and
maintain constant voltage throughout the wire. If you did not have a reference voltage you would not get accurate readings and that would throw off
other modules. Following the next class period, we talked about a diagnostic process that is created to resolve a customer's issue/complaint. As a
technician we have a diagnostic process to find the vehicles problem. Start by verifying the problem meaning checking to see if the car is having the
issue the customer is complaining about and duplicating the problem. Secondly, analyze the vehicle by checking for SSP, FUB and functional
description to find the issue. In addition, it would be good idea to go through component triggering and have a process of elimination. Doing a short

Protect Vehicle Undercoating
If you want to protect the underside of your vehicle from getting rusted out, you need to apply an undercoating to your vehicle. You can use bed liner
paint to undercoat your vehicle and protect it from rust.
Elevate Your Vehicle
In order to paint the underside of your vehicle, you are going to need access to it. You will need to use either jack stands or avehicle ramp in order to
give you the access that you need to paint.
If you choose to use jack stands, make sure that you lift up one tire at a time and securely place the stand under the axle before moving on to the next
tire. If you choose to go with a vehicle ramp, make sure the emergency brake is engaged.
Protect Components That Don't Need To Be Painted
Next, you need to remove any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For electrical tubes and lines, wrap all the way around them with newspaper and tape.
Sand Down The Undercarriage
Now that you have covered up all the important components under your vehicle, you need to sand down the undercarriage. You will want to sand down
the entire undercarriage, starting at the front and working your way back. Sanding it down will roughen it up enough for the paint to stick to it.
Clean The Undercarriage
After you have sanded down the entire undercarriage, you need to clean it off. You don't want all the debris from sanding to get in the paint that you
are going to apply. You also need to remove any grease that could get in the way.
Clean the area with a degreasing cleaner. You may need to use a stiff brush to remove any built up grease. Rinse it off with water.
Paint The Undercarriage
Now you are ready to paint the undercarriage. Take the spray can with the bed liner paint, and hold it back from the undercarriage about half a foot or
so. Spray it evenly across the undercarriage, working back and forth. You should only need to apply one

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