EH-Muulsep And SEP Case Study

EH-Muulsep And SEP Case Study
In the first scenario, we considered two types of heterogeneous nodes ($2418$ $class$–$1$ and $1582$
$class$–$2$). Figure ref{fhlnds–s1} shows the $F!N!D$, $L!N!D$, and $H!N!D$ in the three
protocols for scenario–1, while Figures ref{alive–vs–rounds–s1} and ref{energy–vs–rounds–s1} show
the number of active nodes and the total amount of dissipated energy over the simulation time (rounds)
respectively. As we can see from these figures, EH–mulSEP provides a better performance than that of
SEP and mulSEP versions. It increases the stable region over the traditional SEP and mulSEP by $135%$
and $37%$; and the total network lifetime by $101%$ and $82%$ respectively. Also, we can see that
EH–mulSEP dissipates the least amount of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average values of lifetime measures with respect to different fractions of alive nodes are shown in
Table ref{lifetime–numbers–s1} for all the protocol along with the percentage improvement (lifetime
gain) achieved by EH–mulSEP.
However, this indicates that EH–mulSEP is able to enlarge the operation time of nodes in the large scale
networks, so they die much slower and hence, achieves higher levels of power conservation.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
begin{table*}[t!]
%vspace{0.09in}
vspace{0.06in}
captionsetup{justification=raggedleft}
caption{Network lifetimes in different protocols along with percentage improvement in EH–mulSEP
(scenario–2)}
vspace{–0.4em}
resizebox{linewidth}{!}{
tiny
begin{tabular}{llllllll}
toprule
multirow{2}{*}{begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Fraction of active nodesin the network end{tabular}}
& multicolumn{3}{l}{hspace{–0.9em}Average values of lifetime measures in the case of:} & &
&multicolumn{2}{l}{hspace{–1em}Lifetime gain in EH–mulSEP with respect to:}
cmidrule{2–4}
cmidrule{7–8} & SEP–E $qquadqquad$ & mulSEP $qquad qquad $& EH–mulSEP & &qquad&
SEP–E $qquadqquad$& mulSEP
midrule
$100%!–!!1(F!N!D) qquad $ & $279$ & $716$ & $1545$ &&& $453%$ & 116%
$80%$ & $798$ & $1615$ & $1925$ &&& $141%$ &19%
$60%$ & $1124$ & $1750$ & $2097$ &&& $87%$ &20%
$40%$ & $1527$ & $2635$ & $4257$ &&& $179%$ &62%

... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Analysis Of Wit By Alex Rogo
In chapters ten through twelve, Alex Rogo is trying to explain to his employees, the meaning of
throughput, inventory and operational expense. "Throughput is money coming in. Inventory is the money
currently inside the system and operational expense is the money we have to pay out to make throughput
happen." Discussion takes place regarding how anything that is considered an investment and can be sold
is part of inventory, including the buildings, machines, etc.
Alex then had discussion with Jonah regarding managing capacity. According to Jonah, a managed plant is
one where the capacity of each and every resource is balanced exactly with demand from the market." He
explains that a plant where everyone is working all the time is not efficient.

Benefits And Downfalls Of The United States
I. INTRODUCTION
Technology is an essential part of human development, but with technological advancements we can see
our lives being changed every single day. In Sao Paulo, technology is on the rise and is slowly catching up
with the United States and other countries that are quickly developing. With a generation of kids in the
United States that have connection to anything at their fingertips, we can notice that our perspectives and
modalities are always adapting. America has developed wireless technologies that transfer data with
broadband and wireless devices. Streaming services such as Pandora, Spotify, ITunes radio, Pandora,
Google Play, and Beats Music have provided users with applications to stream music daily. Phone carriers
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data transfer rate is very important because it regulates our devices and technologies we use. In
general, the data transfer rate reflects changes and improvements in digital technologies, where newer
systems, such as solid–state electronics, have resulted in much higher data transfer rates within only a few
decades. Often, people mistake transfer rate with broadband, nevertheless, they are two different things
working in slightly different ways.
Transfer rate looks at the amount of data that has actually been transferred between two different points,
while bandwidth is a measurement of the theoretical maximum transfer capacity of a certain point on a
network. With all this data flowing freely, there has to be some sort of restriction on how fast different
applications are. This is where net neutrality comes into play. For example, online streaming effectively
requires your computer to download a new image once every fraction of a second. This takes up much
more data than sending a simple email or using a simple application. The result of this is that organizations
and bigger users have to buy high performance networks to maximize rates. Companies such as T– Mobile
have released unlimited data plans with no cap on, and this has been causing waves throughout the
industry. They have been attempting to gain market share with companies like AT&T and Verizon. Now,
they offer to pay out the contract fees of customers who switch over. T– Mobile may not be favoring one

4G Long Term Evolution Case Analysis
Abstract
Telecommunication technologies have evolved rapidly over the past decades, a situation which led to the
arrival of the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) to provide faster data speed better than the legacy 3G EVDO
data technology. Certainly, LTE has been of great benefit to both individuals and corporations across the
globe. However, operators are often faced with challenges such us Capacity constraints, slow throughput
due to increased numbers of usage, interference from other wireless equipment, as well as poor coverage
issues.
Over the years, telecommunication operators have been adopting strategies to mitigate all these challenges
in order to improve user experience. This research focused specifically on the optimization of the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also believed that the common issues that occur in the LTE network could be reduced drastically if
attention if given to certain engineering practices. The research revealed and discussed some of those
factors.
Furthermore, to understand the concept of LTE optimization in the practical sense, a case study was done
with drive test data collected on Nex–tech wireless network and a detailed analysis was made and some
issues were identified and rectified in the network.
By and large, the findings from the research and the deductions from the case study only proved that there
is a tremendous benefit in adopting a quality optimization strategy in any LTE network. More so, not only
do the subscribers get great quality of service but the operators also make maximum financial gains.
Introduction
LTE network optimization remains an integral part of the LTE network. The main objective of optimizing
the LTE network is to ensure that (Ue) has good service which translates to good user experience such as
high data speed. The LTE optimization approach usually follows a process. Optimization engineers follow
this process to find out where the problems in the network are as well as identifying what the problems are
and then subsequently proposing ways to resolving them.
The first stage of the process is data collection where very sophisticated tools and

An Analysis Of The Keystroke Level Model
Coordinate Models: Past beneficial models or plans are for the most part sued to impact another gadget or
interface as the makers to comprehend that it works; they by then simply change it unimportantly or
improve it in some ways. The reason that they do this is it reduces the time expected that would consider
new graphs and declines assets utilized in addition. That and also making a completely amazing UI can
make it harder for clients to examine around in the event that they are utilized to the past one. Predictive:
Predictive indicating is the place you try to associate the result with something, for instance, in the event
that you are making another beguilement, from what is in the distraction, the shading plan, if there is any
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Units like "trillion skimming point operations for each second (Teraflops or TFLOPS)" give a metric to
separating the cost of grungy enlisting after some time or by the producer. A benchmark can be utilized to
quantify throughput. In information transmission, arrange throughput is the measure of information moved
suitably starting with one place then onto the accompanying in a given period, and reliably measured in
bits reliably (bps), as in megabits reliably (Mbps) or gambits reliably (Gaps). Furthermore, away from
structures, throughput suggests either the measure of information that can be gotten and remained in
contact with the point of confinement medium or read from media and came back to the asking for the
framework, measured in bytes reliably (Bps). It can in like way suggest the measure of discrete
information or yield (I/O) operations reacted to in a moment (IOPS). Throughput applies at more raised
measures of the IT foundation as well. Databases or other middle ware can be talked about also as
"exchanges each second" (TPS); Web servers can be examined the degree that site visits every moment.
Throughput besides applies to the comprehensive group and affiliations utilizing these structures:
Independent of the TPS rating of its assistance work an area programming, for instance, an assistance
work extend has its own throughput rate that unites the time staff

Implementing A Proactive Push Scheme Based On The Http / 2...
The first paper proposed a proactive push scheme based on the HTTP/2 server–push feature, the second
paper, on the other hand, improved the push method from fixed numbers into adaptive numbers based on
multiple factors.
In this section, we will compare two outstanding papers with different parameters in the following four
metrics:
(a) Number of requests
The definition of number of requests is the total number of HTTP requests sent by the client during the
streaming of the video. This metric measures the protocol overhead generated on the network. Before
HTTP/2, each packet required by the client needs a separate HTTP request sent from client to server. The
server will then send the HTTP response with the video segment as the payload. With HTTP/2, the it is not
needed any more that the client sends a new request for each segment. The server will push the subsequent
segments to the clients and therefore reduce the overhead to the network. So, we expect an as lowest as
possible number of this metric.
From the experiment results of the two selected paper, we can get the data of number of requests as
follows, methods metrics
Method of [3]
Method of [4]
N = 1
N = 2
N = 3
N = 4 a=0.6 A=0.4
Number of request
1000
500
334
250
518
383
Figure 9. The comparison of number of requests for methods [3] and [4]
The parameter 'N' in the method of [3] means the number of segments to be pushed to the client each time.
The parameter 'a' in the method of [4] is the key coefficient of the

Nt1310 Unit 2 Agression Analysis
TABLE 8: Response table for means for throughput Level I II III IV 1 0.08681 0.10573 0.08675 0.08697 2
0.08628 0.08086 0.08659 0.08659 3 0.08684 0.06334 0.0676 0.08638 Delta 0.00065 0.06239 0.00018
0.00071 Rank 3 1 4 2 As shown in response table gives that demand time is more influencing factor than
other factors. Than velocity of AGVs affects the system utilization and distance preference is very less
influencing factor for system utilization. TABLE 9: Response table for system utilization Level I II III IV
1 21378 30457 22194 21319 2 21236 18732 23118 21318 3 21340 15761 22633 21315 Delta 20895
15670 38956 20233 Rank 2 1 3 4 4.3. Optimization In this thesis, system throughput of system and system
utilization both are optimized by genetic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5.2 Conclusion In this thesis, a simulation modeling and optimization of FMS objectives for evaluating the
effect of factors such as demand arrival time, no. of AGVs, velocity of AGVs, and distance preference
between two work stations used in system. System utilization and throughput both are affected by these
factors. It is observed that from comparing the result maximum percentage of utilization is 10% against of
throughput parameters. System utilization and throughput is more affected by demand arrival time
comparatively other three factors. Distance preference also affects throughput and system utilization. For
both system utilization and throughput distance preference should be smallest and as the demand arrival
time increases both system utilization and throughput of system decreases. Number of AGVs and velocity
of AGVs are less

The Goal- Summary
The book tells us the story of a plant manager, Alex Rogo, who is trying to save his plant, at least show
some improvements within 90 days to keep it open. Alex 's primary problem is that his plant can not
consistently get a quality product out of the plant on time at the cost that can beat the competition. His
plant is losing money and if he cannot make it profitable, the management eventually will decide to close
the plant. In his fight to save his plant, a physician, Jonah, helps him in achieving his objectives.
Alex, with the help of Jonah, finds that the goal of a manufacturing organization and all organizations in
general is to make money. Jonah explains the measurements which express the goal of making money in a
different way. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the book, the concept of "constraint" is clearly explained by an example. Alex takes a group of boy
scouts on an overnight hike. The slowest boy in the group, Herbie, exemplifies all the characteristics of a
constraint. Because he is very slow, it becomes very difficult for Alex to keep the boys in line. Boys in
front of Herbie hike faster than the other boys. Herbie being a constraint causes large gaps between the
boys in the line. This hiking trip helps Alex discover some simple processes. He uses his findings to turn
his plant in the right direction. This example also explains the concepts of dependable events and statistical
fluctuations. Statistical fluctuations imply that most of the factors critical to running a plant successfully
cannot be determined precisely ahead of time. In a system with dependable events, like an assembly line in
a plant, if a process lags behind all the process slows down. This explains the high level of inventories
piled up in front of the NCX–10 machine and the heat–treat in his plant. Although a non–bottleneck
process can produce at full capacity, throughput of the whole system will depend on the capacity of the
bottleneck processes of the system. If bottleneck processes lag behind the non–bottleneck processes then
higher work–in–process and excess inventories will pile up. He finds that the throughput of the

Case Study Penang Mutiara
Case study Penang Mutiara
Topic Operations Performance: The five operations performance objectives, Also see lecture materials
Chapter 2 Hayes and Wheelwright's four stages of operation contribution. Topic Operations Strategy:
Order winning and qualifying objectives
Cost–being productive, quality–being right, speed– being fast, dependability–being on time and
flexibility– being able to change. .
1.Quality: Other staffs members can help one and other and make sure they have the correct knowledge.
This will save the company testing their employee's knowledge. Also the fact that staff members are
providing a quality service to customers could potentially increase staff morale because they see that their
customers are happy with their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Product flexibility achieves quality objective and is demonstrated by the 'we never like to say no' policy in
meeting guests' requests this pleases guests but through allowing hotel staff to show their initiative
increases motivation. Volume flexibility allows speed and quality objective to be maintained and is shown
in the way the hotel deals with seasonal fluctuations by using temporary part–time staff in backroom roles
allowing experienced staff to concentrate on customer interaction roles thus ensuring service quality and
speed during the peak season. Because quality of service is consistent there is little time spent on
correcting service quality so costs are reduced through a combination of less waste and better staff
productivity. Overall flexibility enables achievement of performance objectives which increases return
customer visits which keeps room occupancy high, thus spreading fixed costs and hence overall margins
against sales revenue.
Central Evaluation Unit
Recently Veronique has recruited four new staff a change she believes will reduce the average throughput
time for applications. Analyse the system using Little's Law and calculate what additional output per week
can be forecast as a result of the staffing changes. Over a ten week period what impact would this extra
capacity have on the number of applications in the system and

Determining The Efficiency Of A Protocol
6.2 RESULTS
6.2.1 Simulation matrix
There are number of metrics which are helpful for deciding the efficiency of a protocol. In this work the
parameters used to evaluate the efficiency of a protocol are the packet delivery ratio, packet statistics in
the network and the throughput of the network. The protocols AODV and AODVBC are checked against
these parameters for their performance. Packet delivery ratio of the network is improved as the mobility
with respect to the number of nodes changes. Increase in the PDR (Packet delivery ratio is because of the
less number of packet drops when AODVBC is used. Fig. 4 justifies the better performance of AODVBC
routing protocol over AODV protocol in terms of less number of packets drop.
AODV and AODVBC protocol has been tasted over nine different scenes of 10 nodes, 20 nodes, 30 nodes
with different source and receiver accordingly as shown in the following table 7.1
Table 6.2: Scenario for implementation of AODV and AODVBC
Scene Sender receiver Node moves Simulation Area Simulation time Protocol used
10 Node Scene 1 0 9 5,6 500x500 500 AODV, AODVBC
10 Node Scene 1 8 1 6.12 500x500 500 AODV, AODVBC
10 Node Scene1 28 4 11,18 700x700 500 AODV, AODVBC
10 Node Scene 3 22 10 9,11

The Retrospective Analysis Of Quality Improvement...
The article, I chose is "The Retrospective Analysis of Quality Improvement Throughput Measures at a
High–Volume Community Emergency Department". The article is about overcrowding in the emergency
departments; which has caused patients to leave without being seen (LWBS) by a physician or PA and the
measurements taken to solve the problem. Two major and other minor changes were implemented to
improve the situation. In this paper, I will be addressing the problem of crowding, the strategic plan taken
and how the implementations were evaluated in the effort to improve quality care and the outcomes. The
emergency department (ED) is one of the busiest place in most hospital and time is very crucial in some
case. A survey done in 2002, shows that 90% of Level 1 trauma center and hospital are considered over
capacity with more than 300 beds and 62 % of ED considered themselves the same (Milsten, A., Klein, J.,
Liu, Q., Vibhakar, N., Linder, L., 2014. p.13). Some might think it is beneficial in a business aspect;
however, the negative effects have more weight than the positive. As the number of population increases,
the ED started to notice a correlation with the increasing crowd, which has created a delay in treatment
and even some patient had to leave without being seen (LWBS) by a physician or PA. Patients being
unable to see a healthcare professional in the appropriate time and LWBS have been linked to the increase
in mortality, physician door to doctor time, patient

Emergency Department Staffing
In a hospital, the Emergency Department is the most crucial area (Girija & Bhat, 2013). With many
challenges, the Emergency Department must operate efficiently in an effort to deliver quality care in a
timely manner while meeting the patient demand based on volume size (Richard & Jarvis, 2016). If there
is an unbalanced match with the patient demand with the Emergency Department capacity and staffing to
deliver care within a timely manner, it can reflect on the patient flow and can create crowding and long
throughput times (Richard & Jarvis, 2016). As a result, it can lead to poor quality of care and patient
outcomes (Richard & Jarvis, 2016). On the other hand, the shortest throughput time while operating
efficiently with the needed staffing can lead to good patient satisfaction and better outcomes (Richard &
Jarvis, 2016). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this goal, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital created a fast track team consisting of a nurse
practitioner, nurse, and a tech for signage at the entrance to reduce throughput time (McHugh, Van Dyke,
McClelland & Moss, October 2012). However, this takes way staffing in the Emergency Department
treatment area that can help to reduce additional excessive throughput time.
To improve the Emergency Department patient flow with having sufficient staffing without the signage
fast track team, I will reduce the throughput time, even more using process measurements of a predictive
model, sensitive analysis, and lean six sigma improvement process as follows:
With a Predictive Model, data will be obtained from the electronic health record system for a two–year
period to analysis throughput time based on the day and time of arrival to the time discharged. Otles,
McLay & Patterson, October

Results And Analysis Essay
Results & Analysis 5.1 Introduction Software testing is a process of executing a program in a simulated
environment to find the defects and identify the correctness and completeness of the software. These days
there has been a huge shift towards web applications, therefore it is important to evaluate the performance
of web applications. To evaluate the performance of web applications properly, significant knowledge of
the web application on multiple levels is essential. It requires knowledge of its users and their aggregated
behavior – how many users use the application, when and which operations they perform, at what
frequency they use it. Performance testing is performed with automated testing tools because manual
testing is very time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5.2 Implementation of Performance Testing Tools: Neoload, LoadImpact & LoadStorm The
implementation is divided into three cases on the basis of browsers used. It evaluates the performance of
the testing tools namely Neoload (ver. 5.1.1), LoadStorm (Loadstorm pro) and LoadImpact (ver. 3.0) in
three different browsers i.e. Google Chrome (62.0.3202.62), Mozilla Firefox (ver. 50.0.1), Microsoft Edge
(ver. 41.16299.15.0) with three different web applications as financial (sbi.co.in), social (facebook.com)
and educational (hpuniv.nic.in) websites. The tools are compared on the basis of common parameters of
the three tools. The parameters are average throughput, average request response time and error rate. In
case–1, the web performance testing tools are implemented on Google Chrome with three different
websites (sbi.co.in; facebook.com; hpuniv.nic.in) and the performance of the

Improving Patient Throughput Essay
Improving the Patient Throughput of Cooper Hospital In 1986, the Congress enacted the Emergency
Medical Treatment and Labor Act
(EMTALA). This ensures the public that they will be able to receive emergency medical treatment despite
their inability to pay. If it is found, during a patient's medical screening examination that a patient has an
emergency medical condition, the hospital is then required to provide treatment. If a hospital is unable to
stabilize a patient with in it's capacity, an appropriate transfer should be implemented (Emergency, 2012).
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act effects Cooper Hospital and overcrowding of it's
emergency department. Cooper is an inner city hospital where most of its residents and patients fall into
the low income population. Individuals are unable to pay for or can't afford health care. Therefore, they do
not have primary physicians to refer to. This causes people to utilize the emergency department as their
doctors office. Ultimately, this arises a concern for overcrowding of Cooper's emergency department.
Overcrowding of emergency departments across the United States has the potential to become a
debilitating situation. Overcrowding arose as a phenomenon in the 80s and has now reemerged as a nation
wide issue. As you walk through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Organizational culture in the health care organizations has gained increased consideration as an important
factor that influences the quality of health care (Brazil et al., 2010). Currently, at Cooper Hospital,
hierarchal culture is present. Rules and regulations emphasize stability and management is recognized for
supporting order. While this has been successful thus far, it is important for this organization to begin to
support the organizational culture of development. This will help promote the changes that are needed to
support the issue of patient throughput by promoting innovation and risk

Spmproject File Essay
2. What is the maximum long–term achievable throughput rate of Receiving Plant #1? What factors affect
this throughput rate?
The maximum long–term achievable throughput rate is determined by the resource with the least capacity.
As different process routes are followed by dry and wet berries, there will be distinct and separate
maximum achievable throughput rates for these two products. The capacity of the dryers is the bottleneck
for the wet berries. Therefore, the maximum throughput for wet berries is 600 bbls/hr. As for dry berries,
the separation process is the bottleneck. The maximum throughput for dry berries will therefore be 1200
bbls/hr.
The maximum achievable throughput rate would be affected by changes in the percentage of ... Show
* Trucks start arriving at around 7AM * As processing starts at 7AM, every hour there will be 450bbls
(dry) in holding bins * Bins get full after (3200/450) = 7.11 hours, at about 2PM * Trucks continue till
7PM * At 7 pm, (1050–600)*12=5400 bbls are held outside the dryer * After (5400–3200)/600 = 3.67 hrs,
at 10.40PM, the last truck is unloaded * Therefore, total waiting time in this case will be 2.00PM to
10.40PM, which is 8.67 hrs * Average waiting time in this case will be (5400–3200)*
(8.67/2)/(75*243*0.70) = (2200*4.335)/12757.5 = 0.75hrs or 45 mins.
6. What benefits would you expect if processing time were moved up from 11:00a.m to 7:00a.m during the
peak period? Should this be done for the entire season?
The above mathematical analysis predicts what may happen if processing time was moved up from
11.00AM to 7.00AM. It is evident here that the average waiting time is reduced by 2 hours and 15 minutes
as the wait time decreases from 3 hours to just 45 minutes. This should definitely prove to be beneficial to
the company as it quickens the business process, reduces wait time, minimizes chances of a processing
emergency and hopefully improves profitability. Therefore, under the light of the current information
available, there is no reason why the processing time should not be moved up to 7.00 AM during at least
the peak season. However, we think that another

Pt1310 Lab Review
Review R17. With a length of 1000 km, a rate of 10 Mbps, and a packet size of 1 kB, the sender finished
transmitting before the first bit of the packet reached the receiver. With a length of 10 km, a rate of 1
Mbps, and a packet size of 500 bytes, the first bit of the packet reached the receiver before the sender was
finished transmitting. R23. Application layer–applications and their application–level protocols reside here
Transport layer– transports application–level messages between application endpoints Network layer–
moves network–layer packets from one host to another Link layer– routes a datagram through a series of
routers between the source and destination Physical layer–moves the individual bits ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
a. distance/ propagation speed dprop= m/s b. packet size/ transmission rate dtrans=L/R c. End–to–end
delay= dtrans + dprop = (m/s) +(L/R) d. The last bit is on the link, just leaving Host A. e. The first bit is
still on the link being propagated. f. The first bit is already at Host B. g. dtrans= (120 b/56000bps) =
(3/1400) s = (m/ (2.5*(10^8 m/s)) (250,000,000 m/s) *(3/1400 s) = 535,714.285714 m P8. a. 3000000 b/
150000 b= 20 users supported b. p=.1 c. (120 choose n) *(.1n) *(.9120–n) 20 d. 1–∑(120 choose n)*(.1n)*
(.9120–n) n=0 P10. End–End Delay=(2*dproc)+(L/R1)+(L/R2)+(L/R3)+(d1/s1)+(d2/s2)+(d3/s3) End–end
delay= (2*.003 s) + 3* (12000b/2000000b/s) + (5000000m/250000000m/s)+(4000000m/250000000m/s)+
(1000000m/250000000m/s)=.006s+.018s+.02s+.016s+.004s= 64 ms The end to end delay is 64 ms. P13.
a. First packet waits 0 s, second waits L/R s, third waits 2L/R s. n packet waits (n–1)L/R. n–1 ∑ kL/R=
L(n–1)/2R is the average queuing delay. K L(n–1)/2R

A Brief Note On The Quality Of Service
Abstract: The Quality of service in general refers to capability to provide flawless, fast and consistent
communication across the network. The factors that influence QoS are error rates, bandwidth, throughput,
transmission delay, availability, jitter, etc. Any network must provide secure and reliable service and to
achieve this it needs to consider the above factors. Hence we can say that the QoS of a network is a set of
factors to efficiently use the resources of the network. I am using the above factors to measure the QoS of
different networks and compare them.
Introduction:
In recent times Quality of Service has emerged as one of the important topics for research. QoS can be
defined as the all round performance of a computer network. Any network is expected to provide secure
and reliable service. QoS helps provide better service and this can be made possible either by increasing
the priority of a flow or by decreasing the priority of another flow and this flow can be managed by using
congestion management mechanisms. If a network capacity is insufficient then the QoS becomes an
important factor, for example for real time streaming multimedia applications like Skype, online games,
youtube etc., as in such applications if the delay is too much then the purpose of the application will not be
served. The factors that influence Quality of Service are: Error rates Bandwidth Throughput Transmission
Delay Availability Jitter
Quality of Service Factors: Error Rates:

Throughput in the Emergency Department: a Concept Analysis
ED THROUGHPUT 2
Introduction
A visit to the emergency department (ED) is usually associated with negative thoughts by most people. It
creates preconceived images of overcrowded waiting rooms and routine long waits for treatment (Jarousse,
2011). From 1996 to 2006, ED visits increased annually from 90.3 million to 119.2 million (32%
increase). During this same time period, the number of EDs has declined by 186 facilities creating the age
old lower supply and greater demand concept (Crane & Noon, 2011). There are many contributing factors
that have led to an increase in ED visits. A few of these key drivers include lack of primary care access,
rising of the uninsured population, dwindling mental health services, and the growing elderly ... Show
The manufacturing definition is defined as the user measured processing speed of a machine expressed as
total output in a unit period under normal operating conditions (Throughput, 2010). The World English
dictionary defines throughput as the quantity of raw material on information processed or communicated
in a
ED THROUGHPUT 4 given period (throughput, n.d).
In healthcare, throughput refers to the ED process that impacts patient flow (Jarousse 2011). Process and
flow began to be scrutinized for opportunities to improve the overcrowding by becoming more efficient.
Due to this new process focus, throughput was born. This is also the point where lean flow or lean
thinking became prevalent into healthcare from a manufacturing stand point to improve throughput. Lean
principles revolve around removing non value added steps and standardizing work flow and processes.
When applied aggressively hospital wide, lean principles can have a dramatic effect on productivity, cost,
and quality. Numerous books concerning lean healthcare have been published in recent years (Crane &
Noon 2011).
Defining Attributes
Determining which attributes are most frequently associated with ED throughput will allow insight into
the concept. The antecedents will be described in the following paragraphs. Clear focused vision; The ED
should be viewed as a key customer of the ancillary departments. If the mission is to provide quality
compassionate healthcare, then all staff need to work hard towards

Throughput Is A Efficient Measure Of Productivity
In the goal, throughput is defined as the speed in which the manufacturing process produces money
through sales. This compares with the traditional definition of throughput as the time it takes for a product
to enter the manufacturing process and leave as a finished good. I find Goldratt's definition to be a more
efficient measure of productivity. With the traditional definition of throughput it is merely measuring the
time it takes for a product to be produced from start to finish. However, this does not take into account
whether or not the finished products are being sold or sitting on a shelf. This is why Goldratt's definition of
throughput is more efficient measure because if the product is not being sold it is not being accounted for.
The second term defined is inventory, which is the amount of money the manufacturing plant has spent on
things they anticipate to sell. Traditionally inventory is defined as a list of materials or parts in stock on
hand for use. The Goal's definition is more accurate because it takes into account other costs of the
inventory not just the material itself. There are raw materials, work in process inventory, and finished
goods inventory. In the Goal they accounted for the holding costs to store finished products not yet sold as
inventory. The third term defined is operational expense, is defined as the total money spent to convert
inventory to throughput. This definition separates expenses that do not contribute to converting inventory

Data Center Network : Neha Maid Essay
Data center networks
Neha Maid
Abstract – Presented here is a survey paper that puts light on the recent work and research done in the field
of Data Center Networks. This survey paper is divided into sections describing each aspect of data center
networks. The aspects covered are Routing in data center networks, networking infrastructure inside a data
center, five generations of datacenter networks, congestion control protocol, Green data centers. Brief
description has been provided regarding the power consumption of data center networks and the need for
research in this area to make the data center networks environmental friendly by optimized energy
utilization.
INTRODUCTION
In today's world each sector of industry need the internet services. The way we enjoy the deep services
provided by the internet is only possible because of data centers. They play a critical role for enterprises by
helping them expanding their capabilities. Incorporating software abstractions with DCN has helped with
the evolution of DCN. As the need for cloud based applications increase so does the need of DCN to work
more efficiently increases as well. Because of cloud computing the DCN are growing even larger in size
and will grow further more in future. DCN contains thousands of servers. Interconnecting all these servers
is the challenge the researchers face. They are generally connected via network interface cards, cables,
routers and switches. Placement of all these devices

What Are The Impact Of Detecting Range On The Throughput...
Several studies of routing protocol based on the physical and MAC layers have been done in the literature.
Jing Deng, et al. [1] and Kim et al. [2] argued that the carrier sensing range is a tunable parameter that can
significantly affect the MAC performance in multihop ad hoc networks. Mustapha, et al. [3] investigated
the impact of sensing range on the throughput of MANET by taking into consideration two essential issues
in MAC they are concurrent transmission, which is referred to spatial reuse, and collision in terms of
transmission range persistent probability and back–off time. Vaidya [4] investigated the impact of
choosing an optimal carrier sense range by using an analytical model as well as simulation results. Their
results ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In their approach, a node identified as blackhole node is blacklisted and an ALARM packet is sent so that
the RREP packet originated from that malicious node is discarded and the routing table for that node is not
updated. However, this algorithm suffers from excessive overhead due to the update of the threshold value
at every time interval and the handling of special ALARM control packets. In [11], Tamilselvan et al.
proposed a solution for preventing blackhole attacks in MANETs based on AODV protocol. In their
solution, the source node waits till other replies with the next hop details. When the source node receives
the RREP packets, it records the sequence number along with the time the packet arrived in a collect route
reply table (CRRT). After recording the route replies in the CRRT, it calculates the timeout value for each
RREP based on the time first RREP arrived, then it checks the CRRT for any repeated next hop nodes. The
path with the repeated next hop node is considered to be safe. If there is no repeated next hope node in the
CRRT, the algorithm chooses a random path from the CRRT. The main drawback of this solution is that if
there are no repeated next hop nodes in the CRRT, therefore the algorithm increases the risk of blackhole
attack by choosing a random path. In [12], Weerasinghe and Fu proposed a solution for prevention
cooperative blackhole attacks in MANETs. In their solution, each node maintains a table called Data
Routing Information (DRI), which

Isolation Mechanism For Jamming Attack
Isolation Mechanism for Jamming Attack in MANET
1. Introduction
Mobile Ad–hoc Network (MANET) attached in a dynamic manner and it is an assembly of wireless
mobile nodes. Without any fixed infrastructure nodes making a temporary network where all nodes are
arbitrarily free to move. In the network nodes are act as routers, which take part in finding and
maintenance of routes to other nodes [1]. Wireless connection in MANET is highly misplay and due to
mobility of nodes it goes down usually. Due to highly dynamic environment coherent routing is a very
difficult task in Mobile Ad–hoc Network [2].
In this paper, we esteem a particular category of DoS attacks called Jamming. In actual fact, the mobile
host in mobile ad hoc networks is a part of wireless medium. Thus, the radio signals can be jammed or
interfered, which make the message to be amoral or missed. If the attacker has a strong transmitter, a
signal can be launched that will be strong enough to conquer the directed signals and distort
communications. There are several attack schemes that a jammer can do in order to interfere with other
wireless communications.
1.1 Jamming attack
The motive of jamming attack is to fill up the communication channel with purposeless signals, due to
which verified or permissible user cannot use it. Jamming slowly down the receiving and sending of
messages at the destination. It is very difficult to prevent and find out the jamming attacks but still some
detection

Molecular Visualization With High Throughput Screening (...
The in–silico discovery of drugs saves millions of lives each year. As such, there is extensive research into
drug discovery. Molecular visualization is one of the most important parts of structural biology and the
drug discovery process. Molecular visualization with high–throughput screening (HTS) has been
successful in the discovery of new drugs. Though HTS has been effective it is expensive and covers a
limited space. For these reasons, the high–level visualization of molecules provides help to cut the work
performed in HTS. Together, they offer one of the most effective methods in structure–based drug
discovery. On the whole, my aim is to simulate molecules to find hidden protein ligand binding sites for
the discovery of new drugs. I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This analysis follows a shift in genomics from identifying molecules to analyzing interactions in the
molecular network [12]. The effectiveness of each application is found by comparing several features
offered. Features compared include cost, availability, extensibility, difficulty, command line access,
scripting, selection and documentation [14], [15]. By comparing these categories, I decide the most
effective tool to use in structure–based drug discovery. In a classic approach to drug, discovery testing
would begin in–vivo. This would need the analysis of millions of molecules. The molecular visualization
of protein–ligand interaction analysis tools can cut the number of molecules that need screening by
calculating their potential docking scores. I can narrow the scope down to only those that are most likely
to show strong performance. The first tool I look at is Cytoscape [7]. A standalone application that has
historically been successful in drug discovery. In addition, I discuss molecular pathway techniques,
proteome scale maps and, chemogenomics which have all shown potential for drug discovery in the future.
Cytoscape is a popular tool used in molecular visualization. There are hundreds of plugins that can
enhance its functionality. In the analysis I use UCSF Chimera (Chimera), StructureViz2 and RiNalyzer to
uncover the protein–ligand binding pockets contained in

Dore Dore
Dore Dore Case study – Solutions:
1. Evaluate the Changes Dore Dore has made in its Children's Knitwear division.
* Children Knitwear Traditional setup (Product – Focused Layout) * Children Knitwear cellular setup
(Process – Focused Layout)
Traditional Operations:
Yam & Fabric supplier – 2.5 months – average lead time
Knitting – throughput time – 80 hrs
Dyeing – 5 weeks – average lead time
Cutting – 40 hrs – throughput time
Sewing and finishing – 120 hrs – throughput time
Lead time & Throughput time – batch size = 200 units
Bottle neck operation is sewing & finishing.
Work in progress calculations:
Units progress / day = 2000 units
Through put time = 15 days
WIP = 2000 *15=30000 Units
No of workers = 42 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What changes are required to ensure successful implementation of cellular manufacturing?
One problem with cellular operations is lowered machine utilisation and increased capital.
Moreover to ensure supervisors to perform in this process also.
4. What is Dore–Dore' motivation for converting to Cells?
The various reasons which motivated Dore – Dore to convert to cells are as follows:
* Improved quality of the products due to reduced defects * Designs can be easily adapted to market
trends due to decrease throughput time.
Example: The average sewing throughput time of a garment dropped from 15 working days to 1 working
day by converting sewing department setup from traditional to cellular. * Results in low inventory and in
turn low cost of inventory management freeing idle capital. * Workers in cellular operations are more

flexible due to cross training. * Wait time between each operation is reduced. * Can plan for more than
two annual collections * Stocks can be supplied to wholesalers on a daily basis to reduce burden *
Reduction in WIP by converting to

The Importance Of Uplink Over Utilization Protection
Uplink over utilization protection – It's important to establish thresholds when looking at both short and
long term utilization and growth of the network infrastructure. Doing so eliminates guesswork and
provides a clear understanding of when additional resources should be required. Specifically speaking, a
threshold is normally based on percentage of usage (in comparison to the maximum available bandwidth).
Example; 50% of 100 Mbps translate to 50 Mbps of overall usage. When establishing a percentage
threshold, it's important to consider things like "margin of safety" and "historic growth rates". In the case
of "margin of safety", the threshold number should be high enough to alert that more bandwidth will be
needed, but low enough to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One other thing to note regarding bandwidth, the difference between 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps is capacity, not
speed of operation. A 100 Mbps Ethernet connection is capable of passing 100 megabits of data in a one
second period. In comparison a 1 Gbps is capable of passing 1 gigabit of data in a one second period. The
actual speed of the data is the same, it's just capable of passing more data in a one second period. (Think of
100 Mbps connection as a single lane road with a 1 Gbps connection as a multi–lane highway with the
speed limit of both roads being 55 Mph). In this example more cars can travel on the highway as compared
to the single lane road, but are still traveling at the same speed.
For more information this this subject, see tech brief "Latency Fact vs. Bandwidth Fiction"
Visit the EAO public portal https://sharepoint.etslan.org/srt/srtdiv/capability_mgmt/default.aspx )
General bandwidth utilization guidelines
As a general rule of thumb, the chart below (see figure 1.1) shows a general guideline indicating the peak
percentages of utilization on a LAN or WAN, and what (if anything) needs to be addressed depending on
peak utilization. With regards to peaks, another factor needs to be mentioned, and that's the frequency of
peaks. The frequency of peaks defines how often the peaks occur. This is an important point as the higher
the frequency the sooner the potential need for more

The Goal Summary
Throughput and Inventory and Operational Expense
It is stressed in the Goal that there is a massive difference between throughput and efficiency. The novel
makes the case that having an efficient operation does not equate to profitability. What does equate to
profitability is to increase the throughput of any given operations system. Jonah tells Alex, "Throughput, is
the rate in which the system generates money through sales." (Goldratt, E.M. (2014), The Goal, pg. 60).
Jonah goes on to explain to Alex that inventory is all the money that was invested in purchasing things that
the system intends to sell. (Id). Furthermore, operational expenses are those costs that are required to turn
inventory into throughput. (Id, at pg. 61). The definitions of these three measurements are not standard
definitions for an MBA student. It is an interesting perspective on how to view operations. As an MBA
candidate about to graduate, I would define ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(The Goal, pg. 87). A real life example of this would be the process of getting to work. In order for me to
be at my desk, I would have to drive there. Before I can drive there, I have to put my keys in the ignition.
Before that, I have to leave my house and walk to the car. In order for me to be at work, there are certain
steps that I must take in order to get there. Statistical fluctuations are the unknown anomalies that affect
the process. Let's say I have to be at work by 10:30 AM. Easy enough, I know how many miles it is from
my home to work, and I have a good estimation on how much gas is required to get there. The statistical
fluctuations in the process of getting to work at 1030 would be if there was an accident on the highway, or
I get a flat tire, or a freak storm shuts down the main highway there; all these anomalies delay my arrival
time. These are statistical

Improving Throughput Using Electronic Prescribing
Throughout this report, the interoperability and communication between departments will be discussed in
detail, in order to improve throughput using the current software system, Epic in this case. The goal is
optimal patient outcomes using electronic prescribing. A solution will be reviewed utilizing Epic, a
standard electronic health record (EHR) involving the HL7 initiatives.
The Problem The problem is fragmented electronic health records (EHRs) that lack communication and
availability. Interoperability does not benefit the patient or the healthcare provider. "In healthcare,
interoperability is the ability of different information technology systems and software applications to
communicate, exchange data, and use the information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
E prescribing can be a part of the EHR in Epic, which would include patient data, and not just prescription
information. When e prescriptions are utilized in Epic, the medication is checked for interactions with the
patient's other medications and allergies. Check systems within Epic look for drug–allergy, drug–drug, and
how the medication reacts with the disease. In a case study of 17 physicians in an ambulatory clinic
conducted by Abramson et al., error rates from prescribing decreased from 35.7 per 100 prescriptions to
12.2 per 100 prescriptions in a year of e–prescribing as reviewed in this study. The Health Information
Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 stated that healthcare providers
would have access to EHRs to ensure the meaningful use standards per the Centers for Medicaid and
Medicare Services (CMS). Meaningful use is attained by increasing the quality of patient outcomes by
having access to the medication data, the patient's history, and diagnosis by the prescriber. Prescribing is
safer, when the provider is aware of the patient's history, current medications, and allergies, therefore
better patient outcomes. In the United States, the HITECH Act and the meaningful use standards stated by
CMS have increased the use of e–prescribing per Friedman (2009). The CMS made e prescribing a

Disadvantages Of Handoff Schemes
D. Handoff schemes Handoff scheme refers to systematic and organized plans to handle handoff, including
configuration of network, design procedure of handoff, and specific handoff process management. Based
on certain criteria these schemes are categorized as : 1. Handoff schemes based on Prioritization: 1.1 Non
Prioritization schemes: This Scheme [16] has been employed by the typical radio technologies proposed
for the Personal Communication Systems (PCS) operating at the band of 2 GHz. This scheme does not
differentiate handoff and initial (new or originating) request calls. As long as, there is a channel available
in the cell, either an originating or a handoff call request will be served. If there are not any free channels,
the request is blocked immediately. Advantage: The channel allocation is relatively easy. Disadvantage:
The main disadvantage of this scheme is that, since no priority is given to handoff request calls over
originating calls, the forced termination probability is relatively higher than it is normally anticipated [16],
and also there is no proper channel utilization. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, all these requirements cannot be satisfied simultaneously, and therefore, tradeoffs between all of
them are carried out. From the users perspective, the termination of an ongoing call is more annoying than
the blocking of a new call [18]–[19],[77]–[78]. Consequently, the handoff blocking and the forced
termination probabilities ought to be minimized. To achieve these requirements several handoff
prioritizing schemes have been

Essay on National Cranberry Cooperative
Case Report: National Cranberry Cooperative
Fill in your name in the header. Please read the Assignment Collaboration Guidelines in Course Syllabus:
Collaboration between groups is not allowed; however, if you hear something from some other group,
please give a reference. Below, write your answers to Questions 1–4 (on BB/Cases). Your analysis should
be based on the assumptions listed in the Syllabus. If you need to make additional assumptions to answer a
question, clearly state them, logically defend them, and then proceed to answer the question accordingly.
The idea is to answer the questions concisely. Double spacing is preferred, 1.5–line spacing is the
minimum (consider the reader's eye strain).
1. Mark the capacity and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The capacity of the Dechaffers for the dry berries was also given as 1500 bbl/hr and once again the
implied and actual utilization will be 1.0. Switching to the Wet Berries, we see that there are two
Dechaffers that can each store up to 1500bbl/hr, which will add up to a capacity of 3000bbl/hr. We can
calculate the implied utilization of the wet berry Dechaffer by dividing the input rate (1500bbl/hr) by the
capacity (3000bbl/hr) and the actual utilization by dividing the Flow Rate (600bbl/hr) by the capacity
(3000bbl/hr). The Dryers set the standard for the wet berries because they are the bottleneck of the
operation. There are three dryers that can process 200bbl/hr, giving us a total capacity of 600bbl/hr. The
implied utilization is not very realistic because it takes the 1500bbl/hr input rate and divides it by the
600bbl/hr capacity. The actual utilization of a bottleneck is always 1.0 because it is operating at maximum
capacity. Lastly, there are three separators that have a capacity of 400bbl/hr each, giving us a total of
1200bbl/hr. The implied utilization will be discovered as 1.25 because you are taking the 1500bbl/hr input
rate and dividing it by 1200bbl/hr capacity. The actual utilization can be found by 600bbl/hr (wet berries)
plus 375bbl/hr (dry berries) and using them as your input rate. So you will divide the 975bbl/hr by
1200bbl/hr capacity and get .8125. 2. Enter your answer and supporting arguments for

Advantages Of Parallel, And Sequential Architecture
3 PROPOSED SYSTEM: 3.1 Parallel, and Sequential architecture: The three different Advanced
Encryption Standard(AES) implementations are computed on a parallel,pipelined and sequential
architecture. This architecture is the field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA is capable of
performing parallel operations. It consists of logic blocks which are seperated by reconfigurable
interconnects. The main advantage of implementing AES on hardware is the adaptability. According to the
programming every time the FPGA fuses i.e. reconfigure itself. Due to this adaptability it has became
popular for different complex implementations. Whereas in processor the hardware is fixed. Once the
processor is designed, it 's hardware remains dedicated and connot be reconfigured. Also, the processors
are sequential.So, if such algorithms that require large computations are processed on processors, the
processing time would be very slow and the throughput will decrease to a large extent. In this proposed
system, three diffrent implementations of AES have been proposed so that the throughput is increased
three times. This process is carried out in a pipeline, parallel and sequential manner. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
simultaneously it will encrypt and decrypt the data. Pipeline process means the computations will be
proceesed one after the other. Computations are the different tasks of AES algorithm such as performind
SubBytes, ShiftRows atransformations and so on. Sequential process because within the process it is in
sequential manner.i.e.within every task of AES algorithm such as SubBytes,ShiftRows and so on, the
process of operation performed on each byte is sequential, as one byte is processed after the another. All
these operations are performed on a single

Heroin And The Natural Endorphin Production
Diacetylmorphine, known as heroin, is an extremely addictive drug that comes from the opium poppy,
Papaver somniferum [1]. The poppy plant contains latex, which is harvested from cutting the seed and
gathering the juice that flows out. This juice contains morphine, which can be converted into heroin
through simple chemical processes. [1]. When introduced into the body, heroin mimics peptide substances
called endorphins [2]. The specific endorphins that heroin effects are neurotransmitters in the brain that are
responsible for pain, pleasure, and fatigue. Heroin will combine with the receptors in the brain to induce a
state of euphoria and analgesia [2]. This causes a reduction in the natural endorphin production. These
modifications cause a person the need to replace the naturally produced endorphins, which creates an
ongoing addiction [2]. There are many drugs that have been developed in the past to try to help heroin
addicts cope with their addictions. However, most of these drugs have either had side effects or have not
produced a full effect of sobriety from the user. Some popular drugs that have been developed more
recently are methadone, Levo–aplha–acetyl–methadol (LAAM), and Buprenorphine [1]. About 1.6% of
the population, or around 4.2 million Americans aged twelve and up, were reported to use heroin in the
year 2011. Among those 4.2 million, 23% of the user population was reported to be dependent on the drug
[3]. It has been estimated that 27–38% of

The And Throughput Of Wireless Sensor Network Using Actor...
A NOVEL APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE LIFETIME AND THROUGHPUT OF WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORK USING ACTOR NODES.
1Diksha Garg
1diksha.garg17@gmail.com
1Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran.
2Geetanjali Babbar
2cecm.cse.gbi@gmail.com
2Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran.
ABSTRACT: Wireless sensor networks is a self–configured network means any node can join it or leave it
at any time. it is a self–healing and self–organizing. Self–healing networks allow nodes to reconfigure
their link associations and find other pathways around powered–down nodes or failed nodes. Self–
organizing allows a network automatically join new node without the need for manual interference. In this
paper, we are using actor nodes to solve energy hole problem so that we can reduce energy consumption
and can enhance throughput of network.
Keywords: WSN, AODV, Energy holes, routing, energy consumption I. INTRODUCTION
A wireless ad hoc network is the collection of mobile nodes, without any requirement of centralized access
point. Every node in the network, act as a router and packet forwarder. Now days, the ad hoc networking is
used for the commercial uses. There are the many applications of the ad hoc networks, ad–hoc network are
using in the military and it is also using for the other security operations. The secure routing is the biggest
issue in the ad hoc routing applications. In ad hoc networks it is very difficult to design the security due to
its unique characteristics. The characteristics of ad

Improving Patient Throughput in the Emergency Department...
Improving Patient Throughput
In the Emergency Department
Introduction
St. Vincent's Medical Center, a 501 bed facility located in Jacksonville, Florida, provides general medical
and surgical care to the North Florida Region. St. Vincent's admits over 26,000 patients annually. The
average occupancy rate is approximately 84% with the Emergency Department (ED) peeking at 100% for
approximately 4–12 hours daily. The hospital is struggling with availability of bed space. This shortage of
available beds creates a bottleneck in the ED on high census days. Bottlenecks are created in the ED when
there is a shortage of inpatient beds to place admitted ED patients. Thus, patient flow, or throughput, is
becoming more and more important. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients arriving in the ED are triaged by a nurse then placed in an ED room according to their acuity.
After being evaluated by a physician, the patient is either released to home or admitted. When the decision
is made for the patient to be admitted, a request for an inpatient bed is placed to nursing administration
who then assigns an available bed. If there is not an appropriate bed available, the patient must remain in
the ED bed. This effectively reduces the capacity of the ED causing the department to either divert patients
or patients will leave without being seen. Every patient who is diverted or leaves without being seen is lost
opportunity cost to the hospital.
Patient Volumes
Patient volumes vary greatly in the ED. There are, however, patterns noted in census fluctuations
according to the day of the week. High census days are historically early in the week, while lower census
usually occurs later in the week. On days when the census is high throughout the hospital, there will be
patients holding in the ED awaiting inpatient beds.
The following graph depicts the number of patients holding in the ED by month during the past fiscal year.
This graph depicts the total ED volume by month for the past fiscal year.
Step 2: Develop Criteria
Feasibility Criteria: 1. Maintain Current Budget
The budget for this project will be based off of excess funding from the department. Due to the budget for
current fiscal year and the next

The Retrospective Analysis Of Quality Improvement...
The article, I choose is "The Retrospective Analysis of Quality Improvement Throughput Measures at a
High–Volume Community Emergency Department". The article is about overcrowding in the emergency
departments; which has been creating patients to leave without been seen (LWBS) by physician or PA and
measurement taken to solve the problem. Two major change and other minor changes were implemented
to improve the situation. In this paper, I will be addressing the cause of the problem of crowding, the
strategic plan taken and how the implementations were evaluated in the effort to improve quality care and
the outcomes. The emergency department (ED) is one of the busiest place in most hospital and time is very
crucial in some case. A survey done in 2002, shows that 90% of Level 1 trauma centers and hospital are
considered over capacity with more than 300 beds and 62 % of ED considered themselves the same
(Milsten, A., Klein, J., Liu, Q., Vibhakar, N., Linder, L., 2014. p.13). Assessment was done to find out the
strength and weakness of the current process in use in the ED. Some might think it is beneficial in a
business aspect; however, the negative effects have more weight than the positive. As the number of
population increases, the ED started to noticed a correlation with increasing crowd which has created in a
delay even some patient had to leave without been seen (LWBS) by a physician or PA. The crowding,
being able to see a healthcare professional in the appropriate

Diagnostic Lab
Problem Statement
Cell filtration is often necessary for diagnostic lab tests. One example of this is for cystic fibrosis patients.
Individuals with cystic fibrosis often get lung infections due to the thick mucus in their lungs. In order to
prescribe antibiotics for these lung infections, a bacterial culture needs to be performed, which requires
bacterial samples to be separated from the thick mucus of sputum. Passive filtration is the most commonly
used type of filtration in cell sorting for diagnostic purposes and extorts cells physical properties (Yoon et
al., 2016). Dead end filtration is a form of passive filtration where the filtrate is added perpendicularly to
the filter (Yoon et al., 2016). While dead end filtration is relatively easy to perform, larger particles can
block the filter, stopping the flow of filtrate through the filter. This blockage problem causes dead end
filtration to be underutilized (Mugnier, Howell, & Ruf, 2000). It has been shown that a cycle of forward
and backward flushes can dislodge larger particles from the filter– allowing more of the smaller particles
to rush through the filter pores (Smith, Vigneswaran, Ngo, Ben–Aim, & Nguyen, 2005)– but what
percentage of backward flush is most efficient in a duty cycle with a constant amount ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
While efficiency can be measured in a multitude of variables, an important aspect of efficiency is the
throughput, which is the ratio of the concentration of target cells to the time it took to

Ed Throughput
Improving Emergency Department Throughput Time
HCS/587
October 1, 2012
Improving Emergency Department Throughput Time
Hospitals are experiencing patient congested emergency departments. At Baptist Memorial Hospital, the
increase in patient volume and limited capacity contributes to long length of stays and patients leaving
without being seen. As a result of overcrowded emergency rooms, patient length of stay becomes more
important. Throughput times in the emergency department (ED) play a substantial role in patient and staff
satisfaction. Length of stay in the ED is directly related to patient volume, patient acuity, lab turnaround
times, and time to treatment, which is all connected to patient satisfaction. Long wait time ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Efficiency or streamlined processes are necessary to see and treat the number of patients presenting.
A specific problem that contributes to increased length of stay and delayed diagnosis is the timely result of
urinalysis. The root cause of delayed urinalysis results is attributed to failure to collect, failure to transport,
and failure to order. On a regular basis, the physicians wait on urinalysis reports when all other ordered lab
has resulted. In exploring the possible causes of delayed results, it was discovered that when a urinalysis
was ordered, many times the patient could not void. Therefore, the urine was not collected and soon
forgotten by the nurse. Additionally, urines collected were not transported to the lab. The patient was
provided with the specimen cup and collected the urine, but it was left sitting at the bedside even though
the lab technician might have been in the room. Last, a problem exists with collecting urines but failing to
order the test. Nurses implement protocols but fail to order the test in the system.
In a simulation study, significant improvement in ED efficiency was shown with decreasing lab turnaround
time (Storrow, et al., 2008). As stated in the article, "the development of simulation models has been
driven by nationwide increases in ED patient census and acuity, as well as ED closures and hospital
overcrowding" (Storrow, et al., 2008, p. 1131). This study highlighted

Optimizing System Process Times: Improving Golf Course...
Optimizing System Process Times: Improving Golf Course Throughput and Pace of Play Through Course
Layout / Design
G. Wong
EM–681, Simulation Techniques and Applications
University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut
Abstract
Pace of Play, or the speed at which golfers complete a round of golf, has become an important factor for
both golf course managers and the players themselves. The purpose of project was to examine whether or
not course design and difficulty play a part in pace of play. Because a golf course is similar to a
manufacturing process (i.e. a terminal system) it be analyzed using simulation modeling.
INTRODUCTION.
The United States Golf Association (USGA) announced on February 2nd, 2013 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Each group proceeds around the course as long as there is capacity at the next hole. For example, on hole
#3 there is a capacity of 2 and on the next hole, #4, there is a capacity of one. Therefore the group that is
first in the queue on hole #3 cannot advance onto hole #4 if there is a group already there.
As indicated in Figure 1, the main bottlenecks in the system exist at the par 3 holes and at the clubhouse
transition between holes #9 and #10.. Also taken into account in the model is the handicap of the hole
(which is a metric for relative difficulty of the hole).
5. SIMULATION DESIGN There are three sources of data used to populate the model. They are: Past data
from other golf simulation models Data from the USGA for average times it takes for various golf metrics
Actual golf course operating metrics from Shennecossett G.C., Groton, CT.
Arrivals are handled with a normal distribution with a very small standard deviation. This is because each
group makes a reservation for a tee time and generally arrive early enough such that the variance from the
reserved tee time is not very high The handicap for the hole will be assigned as macros and variation will
be handled by a normal distribution.
6. MODEL BUILDING
[pic]

Figure 2. The simulation screen of ProModel®
The model elements used are as foll0ws:
Locations

EH-Muulsep And SEP Case Study

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