Introduction to IoT

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The Internet of Things– An Overview
Session by
C.UDHAYAKUMAR, AP/ECEU19EC604 INTRODUCTION TO IOT

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Agenda of the session
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• Course Preface
• Course Objective
• Syllabus
• Video Clip of IoT
• Introduction to IoT

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Course Preface
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• The Internet is a global wide area network that
connects computer systems across the world. It
includes several high-bandwidth data lines that
comprise the Internet "backbone." These lines
are connected to major Internet hubs that
distribute data to other locations, such as web
servers and ISPs.
Internet
• INTERNET stands for Interconnected Network that is a network system that connects
millions of web servers. ... With the help of the INTERNET, the world is
connected. INTERNET meaning is the online server that connects innumerable data,
servers, and websites.

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Course Preface
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A thing, in the context of the Internet of things
(IoT), is an entity or physical object that has
a unique identifier, an embedded system and the
ability to transfer data over a network.
Thing (in the Internet of Things)
Given the prevalence of wireless technology,
the increasing ability to miniaturize computer
components and develop them inexpensively,
and the enormously extended range of IPv6
addresses, that capacity could be developed
for almost anything imaginable.
In addition to dedicated computing devices
such as PCs, notebooks, smartphones or
tablets, the list of potential things is almost
unlimited.
An Internet Protocol Version 6 address is a numerical
label that is used to identify a network interface of a
computer or a network node participating in an IPv6
computer network, and locate it in the network. IP
addresses are included in the packet header to indicate
the source and the destination of each packet.

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Course Objective
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Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
Understand the basic concepts of Internet of Things and its architecture.
Apply the basic concepts of protocols and programming for data transfer in IoT.
Analyze the various cloud platforms and the programming languages of IoT.
Choose and work on various target boards and clouds to implement IoT.
Analyze the various IoT case studies to understand IoT applications.

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Syllabus
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MODULE I INTERNET OF THINGS AN OVERVIEW
Definition and Characteristics of IoT - Physical Design of IoT - Logical design of IoT - IoT
enabled Technologies: Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big data
analytics, Communication protocols and Embedded Systems - IoT Levels &
Deployment Templates - Domain Specific IoTs : Home, City, Environment, Energy,
Retail, Logistics, Agriculture, Industry, health and Lifestyle.

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MODULE II IOT ARCHITECTURE
Communication Protocols - IoT and M2M : Software Defined Networking, Network
function virtualization- IoT System Management with NETCONF-YANG, SNMP,
NETOPEER.
MODULE III PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Language features of Python - Data types - Data structures - Control of flow - Functions
– Modules – Packages - File handling - Data/time operation - Classes - Exception
handling - Python packages: JSON, XML, HTTPLib, URLLib, SMTPLib.

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MODULE IV IOT PHYSICAL DEVICES AND
SERVERS
Building blocks of an IoT device - Programming Inputs and outputs, Serial, SPI and I2C -
Sensors and sensor Node and interfacing using any Embedded target boards :
Raspberry Pi / Intel Galileo/ARM Cortex/ Arduino) Cloud Support : Cloud Storage
models and communication APIs Webserver - Web server for IoT - Cloud for IoT -
Amazon Web services for IoT
MODULE V CASE STUDY AND IOT APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Home Automation – Smart cities - Environment - Agriculture - Productivity Applications
– Healthcare - Automotive/Vehicular IoT- Smart grid

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TEXTBOOKS:
1.ArshdeepBahga and Vijay Madisetti, "Internet of Things: A Hands-on Approach",
Universities Press, 2014.
2 .Vlasios Tsiatsis, Stamatis Karnouskos, Jan Holler, David Boyle, Catherine Mulligan,
“Internet of Things: Technologies and Applications for a New Age of Intelligence”,
Academic Press, 2019.
REFERENCES:
1.Cuno Pfister, " Getting Started with the Internet of Things", O'Reilly Media Press, 2011
2.Jamil Y. Khan, Mehmet R. Yuce, “Internet of Things (IoT): Systems and Applications”,
Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2019

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Video clip on IoT
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The Internet of Things - Introduction
Global network of computers, sensors, and
actuators connected through Internet protocols
PC that communicates over the Internet with a
small device, where the device has a sensor attached (e.g., a temperature
sensor)

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Protocol
A network protocol is an established set of rules that
determine how data is transmitted between different
devices in the same network.
Essentially, it allows connected devices to communicate
with each other, regardless of any differences in their
internal processes, structure or design.
Computer Network - a group of computers that use a set of common communication
protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or
provided by the network nodes.

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TCP / IP
The TCP/IP protocol is the key Internet protocol for such communication
scenarios.
It enables the transfer of byte streams between two computers
in either direction.
For example, using the TCP/IP protocol, the device
may periodically deliver temperature measurements to a
program running on the PC.

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OSI vs TCP / IP
OSI model gives guidelines on how
communication needs to be done
OSI model is a generic model that is
based upon functionalities of each layer.
TCP/IP protocols layout standards on
which the Internet was developed.
So, TCP/IP is a more practical model.

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OSI –a generic model

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The Internet of Things
OSI model gives guidelines on how
communication needs to be done
OSI model is a generic model that is
based upon functionalities of each layer.
TCP/IP protocols layout standards on
which the Internet was developed.
So, TCP/IP is a more practical model.

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HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the protocol of the
World Wide Web.
HTTP describes how a client interacts with a server, by
sending request messages and
receiving response messages over TCP/IP

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HTTP
Web browsers are the most popular HTTP clients, but you can easily write your own
clients—and your own servers.
If you use a web browser to access a device, the device has the role of a web server,
providing a web service over the Internet.
A server contains resources, which can be anything of interest, e.g., a document (typically
an HTML web page), the most current measurement of a sensor, or the configuration of a
device.
When you design a web service, you need to decide which resources it should expose to
the world.

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URI
HTTP uses Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) to tell
the server which
resource the client wants to read, write, create, or
delete.
You know URIs from web browsing; they look
something like these:
http://www.example.com/index.html
http://www.example.com/temperatures
http://www.example.com/temperatures/actual
http://www.example.com:50000/temperatures/actual
http://www.example.com/temperatures?alarm=none
http://www.example.com/temperatures?alarm=high
http://www.example.com/temperatures?alarm=low
http://www.example.com/valve/target
A URI indicates
•the scheme (e.g., http),
•the host (e.g., www.example.com),
•optionally the port (e.g., 50000), and
•the path (e.g., /temperatures/actual)
to the resource owned and managed by this
host
Optionally, a URI may also contain
•a query (e.g., alarm=high) after a ?
character that follows the path.
For the HTTP protocol, port 80 is used by
default unless another port is chosen explicitly,
perhaps for testing purposes.
The path is called request URI in HTTP; it
denotes the target resource of an HTTP
request.

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URI
URIs that start with a scheme are absolute URIs.
URIs without a scheme are relative URIs.
A request URI is a relative URI that starts with /.
Sometimes you will have to work with absolute
URIs and other times with relative URIs.
URI that addresses a resource managed by a host

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HTTP requests
There are several kinds of HTTP requests that a
client can send,
but the most popular are
GET for reading a resource,
PUT for writing to a resource,
POST for creating a resource, and
DELETE for deleting a resource.
Web browsers mostly issue GET requests, which
make up the vast majority of HTTP requests.
In a Web of Things application, a GET request to a
URI,such as:
http://www.example.com/temperatures/actual
may return the most recent measurement of a
temperature sensor

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HTTP requests
PUT to a URI, such as:
http://www.example.com/valve/target
may change the setting of an actuator—in this
case, a valve.
POST requests add sub-resources to a resource,
which is similar to putting a file into a
directory.
For example, a POST of a measurement to the
following resource:
http://www.example.com/temperatures
may create a new resource:
http://www.example.com/temperatures(42135)
A DELETE request removes a resource—
e.g., it may remove the
/temperatures resource:
http://www.example.com/temperatures
from the server.
(Of course, this would not physically
remove the temperature sensor from the
hardware.)

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Session Handler Details
C.Udhayakumar,
AP/ECE
9698489931
udhayakumar.c@sece.ac.in