The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement, based on the amount of energy a civilization is able to utilize

1. Kardashev scale

2. Extraterrestrial civilizations
● Their technology?
● Their cultures
● Their level?
●
●
●
● Where is our civiliztion position in universe

3. Kardashev
● Soviet astronomer
● Doctor of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences
● The deputy director of the
Russian Space Research
Institute
● Kadashev scale: measuring
civilization's level by energy

4. Type I: Planet
●
●
●
●
●
●
● Uses resources available on
its home planet
● ≈4×1019 erg/sec (4 × 10^12
watts)

5. Type II: Solar System
● ≈4×1033 erg/sec
● The SUN
●

6. Type III: Galaxy
● ≈4×1044 erg/sec
●

7. Energy development Type I
● fusion power
● Antimatter
● Sunlight energy
– cover whole planet
– Satellite
● Other?

8. Energy development Type II
● Type I, on many planet
● Dyson sphere
● Black hole
● Antimatter
●

9. Dyson Sphere

11. Energy development Type III
● As type II, for all star in galaxy
● Use energy of supermassive black holes which
are believed to exist at the center of most
galaxies
● White holes
● Energy of gamma-ray bursts
● Quasars

12. Extension: Type IV Universe
● ~ 10^45 W

13. Extension: Type V many universe
Extension: Type VI ALL Multiverse

14. Human civilization status
● Below Type I
● Michio Kaku
– Type I status in 100–200* years,
– Type II status in a few thousand years
– Type III status in 100,000 to a million year
● Carl Sagan
– types I (10^16 W), II (10^26 W) and III (10^36 W)
– Human:
● 1973 was about 0.7
● 2012 was about 0.724

15. Information Mastery Scale
Carl Sagan
● Type A: 10^6 bit → type Z: 10^31 bit
● 1973 Earth is a 0.7 H
●

16. Civilizational Range
● Robert Zubrin
● How widespread a civilization is in space
– Type I civilization has spread across its planet.
– Type II has extensive colonies in its respective
stellar system
– Type III has colonized its galaxy
●

17. Moon colony

18. Microdimensional Mastery
● John Barrow
● Downward

19. Type -minusⅠ
● manipulating objects over the scale of
themselves
● building structures
● Mining
● joining solids
● breaking solids

20. Type II -minus
● manipulating genes
● transplanting or replacing parts of themselves
● reading and engineering their genetic code
●

21. change themselves

22. To whatever they want

24. Type -minusⅢ
● manipulating molecules and molecular bonds
● creating new materials

25. Type -minusⅣ
● manipulating individual atoms
● creating nanotechnologies on the atomic scale
● creating complex forms of artificial life

26. Type -minusⅤ
● manipulating the atomic nucleus
● engineering the nucleons
●

27. Type -minusⅥ
● manipulating the most elementary particles of
matter (quarks and leptons)
●

28. Type Omega-minus
● manipulating the basic structure of space and
time

29. Criticism
● Cannot understand advanced civilizations →
cannot predict their behavior (
● like archaic humans cannot image about
morden civilization)

30. the meaning?
● What should we research ?
● Where are we?
● …

31. Resource
● Wiki
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale
●